Bump django from 5.2.11 to 5.2.12 (#299)

Bumps [django](https://github.com/django/django) from 5.2.11 to 5.2.12.
- [Commits](https://github.com/django/django/compare/5.2.11...5.2.12)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: django
  dependency-version: 5.2.12
  dependency-type: direct:production
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

.flake8

@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-[flake8]
-max-line-length = 88
-extend-ignore = E203
-per-file-ignores=
-    tests/test_dj_database_url.py: E501, E265

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 name: Release
 
 on:
-  push:
+  release:
-    tags:
+    types: [published]
-    - '*'
 
 jobs:
   build:
@@ -11,28 +10,29 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
 
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
 
-      - name: Set up Python
+      - name: Set version from release/tag
-        uses: actions/setup-python@v2
+        id: version
-        with:
-          python-version: '3.10'
-
-      - name: Install dependencies
         run: |
-          python -m pip install -U pip
+          VERSION=${GITHUB_REF#refs/*/}
-          python -m pip install -U setuptools wheel twine
+          VERSION=${VERSION#v}
+          echo "VERSION=$VERSION" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          echo "version=$VERSION" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+
+      - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v7
+        with:
+          python-version: 3.12
 
       - name: Build package
         run: |
-          python setup.py --version
+          uv version ${{ env.VERSION }}
-          python setup.py sdist --format=gztar bdist_wheel
+          uv build
-          twine check dist/*
+          uvx twine check dist/*
 
       - name: Upload packages to Jazzband
-        if: github.event_name == 'push' && startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags')
         uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@release/v1
         with:
           user: jazzband

.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -1,55 +1,74 @@
 name: test
 on: [push, pull_request]
 jobs:
+  formatting:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+
+      - name: Install uv
+        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v7
+        with:
+          python-version: "3.12"
+
+      - name: Run ruff
+        run: uvx ruff check
+
+
+  typecheck:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+
+      - name: Install uv
+        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v7
+        with:
+          python-version: "3.12"
+
+      - name: Run mypy
+        run: uvx mypy dj_database_url
+
+      - name: Run pyright
+        run: uvx pyright dj_database_url
+
   test:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    needs: [formatting, typecheck]
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
-        python-version: ["3.7", "3.8", "3.9", "3.10", "3.11"]
+        python-version: ["3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13", "3.14"]
-        django-version: ["3.2", "4.0", "4.1"]
+        django-version: ["4.2", "5.2", "6.0"]
         exclude:
-          # Python 3.7 is not compatible with 4.0
+          # django 4.x is not compatible with python 3.13 or higher
-          - python-version: "3.7"
+          - python-version: "3.13"
-            django-version: "4.0"
+            django-version: "4.2"
-          # Python 3.7 is not compatible with 4.1
+          - python-version: "3.14"
-          - python-version: "3.7"
+            django-version: "4.2"
-            django-version: "4.1"
+          # django 6.x is not compatible with python 3.11 or lower
-          # Python 3.11 is not compatible with 3.2
+          - python-version: "3.10"
+            django-version: "6.0"
           - python-version: "3.11"
-            django-version: "3.2"
+            django-version: "6.0"
-          # Python 3.11 is not compatible with 4.0
-          - python-version: "3.11"
-            django-version: "4.0"
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
 
-      - name: Set up Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
+    steps:
-        uses: actions/setup-python@v3
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Install uv and set the Python version
+        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v7
         with:
           python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
-          cache: 'pip'
+          activate-environment: 'true'
 
       - name: Install dependencies
         run: |
-          pip install -r requirements.txt
+          uv pip install "Django~=${{ matrix.django-version }}.0"
-          pip install "Django~=${{ matrix.django-version }}.0" .
-
-      - name: Run mypy
-        run: |
-          python -m mypy dj_database_url
 
       - name: Run Tests
         run: |
           echo "$(python --version) / Django $(django-admin --version)"
-          coverage run --source=dj_database_url --branch -m unittest discover -v
+          uvx coverage run --source=dj_database_url --branch -m unittest discover -v
-          coverage report
+          uvx coverage report
-          coverage xml
+          uvx coverage xml
 
-      - uses: codecov/codecov-action@v3
+      - uses: codecov/codecov-action@v4
-
-      - name: Check mypy types installation
-        run: |
-          pip install .
-          cd tests
-          python -m mypy .

.isort.cfg

@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-[settings]
-profile = black

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -1,23 +1,21 @@
 repos:
   - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/pre-commit-hooks
-    rev: v4.4.0
+    rev: v6.0.0
     hooks:
       - id: end-of-file-fixer
       - id: trailing-whitespace
 
-  - repo: https://github.com/pycqa/isort
+  - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
-    rev: "5.12.0"
+    rev: v0.15.4
     hooks:
-        - id: isort
+      - id: ruff-check
-          args: ["--profile", "black"]
+        args:
+          - --fix
+      - id: ruff-format
+        args:
+          - --quiet
 
-  - repo: https://github.com/psf/black
+  - repo: https://github.com/crate-ci/typos
-    rev: 23.3.0
+    rev: v1
     hooks:
-      - id: black
+      - id: typos
-        args: [--target-version=py38]
-
-  - repo: https://github.com/pycqa/flake8
-    rev: '6.0.0'
-    hooks:
-      - id: flake8

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,49 +1,69 @@
 # CHANGELOG
 
-## v2.1.0 (2023-08-15)
+## v3.1.0 (2026-01-03)
+* Add support for Django 6.0
+* Update CI structure.
+* Migrate to UV for dependency management and builds.
+* Python >3.10 support.
 
+## v3.0.1 (2025-07-01)
+* Drop dependency on `typing_extensions`.
+
+## v3.0.0 (2025-05-18)
+> Bumping to version 3; changes to code do break some API compatibility.
+* Implement a new decorator registry pattern to implement checks on database connection string.
+ * You can now support and implement your own database strings by extending the @register functionality.
+* Update supported python versions and django versions.
+
+## v2.3.0 (2024-10-23)
+* Remove Python 3.8 support.
+* Remove Django 3 support.
+* Add python 3.13 support.
+* Add Django 5.1 to the testing library.
+
+## v2.2.0 (2024-05-28)
+* Add disable_server_side_cursors parameter
+* Enhance Query String Parsing for Server-Side Binding in Django 4.2 with psycopg 3.1.8+
+* Update django 5.0 python compatibility by @mattseymour in #239
+* Improved internals
+* Improved documentation
+
+## v2.1.0 (2023-08-15)
 * Add value to int parsing when deconstructing url string.
 
 ## v2.0.0 (2023-04-27)
-
+* Update project setup such that we now install it as a package.
-* Update project setup such that we now install as a package.
 
 _Notes_: while this does not alter the underlying application code, we are bumping to
-2.0 incase there are unforeseen knock on use-case issues.
+2.0 incase there are unforeseen knock-on use-case issues.
 
 ## v1.3.0 (2023-03-27)
-
 * Cosmetic changes to the generation of schemes.
 * Bump isort version - 5.11.5.
-* raise warning message if database_url is not set.
+* raise a warning message if `database_url` is not set.
-* CONN_MAX_AGE fix type - Optional[int].
+* `CONN_MAX_AGE` fix type - `Optional[int]`.
 
 ## v1.2.0 (2022-12-13)
-
 * Add the ability to add test databases.
 * Improve url parsing and encoding.
-* Fix missing parameter conn_health_check in check function.
+* Fix missing parameter `conn_health_check` in check function.
 
 ## v1.1.0 (2022-12-12)
-
 * Option for connection health checks parameter.
 * Update supported version python 3.11.
-* Code changes, various improvments.
+* Code changes, various improvements.
-* Add project links to setup.py
+* Add project links to `setup.py`.
 
 ## v1.0.0 (2022-06-18)
-
+Initial release of code, dj-database-urls is now part of [Jazzband](https://jazzband.co/).
-Initial release of code now dj-database-urls is part of jazzband.
-
 * Add support for cockroachdb.
-* Add support for the offical MSSQL connector.
+* Add support for the official MSSQL connector.
 * Update License to be compatible with Jazzband.
 * Remove support for Python < 3.5 including Python 2.7
 * Update source code to Black format.
 * Update CI using pre-commit
 
 ## v0.5.0 (2018-03-01)
-
 - Use str port for mssql
 - Added license
 - Add mssql to readme
@@ -63,17 +83,15 @@ Initial release of code now dj-database-urls is part of jazzband.
 - Added SpatiaLite in README.rst
 
 ## v0.4.1 (2016-04-06)
-
 - Enable CA providing for MySQL URIs
 - Update Readme
 - Update trove classifiers
 - Updated setup.py description
 
 ## v0.4.0 (2016-02-04)
-
 - Update readme
 - Fix for python3
-- Handle search path config in connect url for postgres
+- Handle search path config in connection url for postgres
 - Add tox config to ease testing against multiple Python versions
 - Simplified the querystring parse logic
 - Cleaned up querystring parsing
@@ -90,27 +108,25 @@ Initial release of code now dj-database-urls is part of jazzband.
 - Added support for python mysql-connector
 
 ## v0.3.0 (2014-03-10)
-
+- Add `.gitignore` file
-- Add .gitignore file
+- Remove `.pyc` file
-- Remove .pyc file
+- Remove travis-ci unsupported python versions (Travis CI supports Python versions 2.6, 2.7, 3.2 and 3.3)
-- Remove travis-ci unsupported python version Per docs http://docs.travis-ci.com/user/languages/python/ "Travis CI support Python versions 2.6, 2.7, 3.2 and 3.3"
 - Fix cleardb test
-- Add setup.cfg for wheel support
+- Add `setup.cfg` for wheel support
 - Add trove classifiers for python versions
 - Replace Python 3.1 with Python 3.3
 - Add MySQL (GIS) support
 - Ability to set different engine
 
 ## v0.2.2 (2013-07-17)
-
 - Added spatialite to uses_netloc too
 - Added spatialite backend
 - Replacing tab with spaces
-- Handling special case of sqlite://:memory:
+- Handling special case of `sqlite://:memory:`
 - Empty sqlite path will now use a :memory: database
 - Fixing test to actually use the result of the parse
 - Adding in tests to ensure sqlite in-memory databases work
-- Fixed too-short title underline
+- Fixed a too-short title underline
 - Added :target: attribute to Travis status image in README
 - Added docs for default argument to config
 - Add "pgsql" as a PostgreSQL URL scheme.
@@ -118,7 +134,6 @@ Initial release of code now dj-database-urls is part of jazzband.
 - fixed url
 
 ## v0.2.1 (2012-06-19)
-
 - Add python3 support
 - Adding travis status and tests
 - Adding test environment variables
@@ -130,28 +145,23 @@ Initial release of code now dj-database-urls is part of jazzband.
 - RedHat's OpenShift platform uses the 'postgresql' scheme
 - Registered postgis URL scheme
 - Added `postgis://` url scheme
-- Use get() on os.environ instead of an if
+- Use `get()` on `os.environ` instead of an `if`.
 
 ## v0.2.0 (2012-05-30)
-
 - Fix parse(s)
 
 ## v0.1.4 (2012-05-30)
-
 - Add defaults for env
 - Set the DATABASES dict rather than assigning to it
 
 ## v0.1.3 (2012-05-01)
-
+- Add a note to README on supported databases
-- Add note to README on supported databases
 - Add support for SQLite
 - Clean dependencies
 
 ## v0.1.2 (2012-04-30)
-
 - Update readme
-- Refactor config and use new parse function
+- Refactor config and use a new parse function
 
 ## v0.1.1 (2012-04-30) First release
-
 🐍 ✨

README.rst

@@ -22,12 +22,6 @@ also a `conn_max_age` argument to easily enable Django's connection pool.
 If you'd rather not use an environment variable, you can pass a URL in directly
 instead to ``dj_database_url.parse``.
 
-Supported Databases
--------------------
-
-Support currently exists for PostgreSQL, PostGIS, MySQL, MySQL (GIS),
-Oracle, Oracle (GIS), Redshift, CockroachDB, Timescale, Timescale (GIS) and SQLite.
-
 Installation
 ------------
 
@@ -148,6 +142,63 @@ and should instead be passed as:
     DATABASES['default'] = dj_database_url.config(default='postgres://...', test_options={'NAME': 'mytestdatabase'})
 
 
+Supported Databases
+-------------------
+
+Support currently exists for PostgreSQL, PostGIS, MySQL, MySQL (GIS),
+Oracle, Oracle (GIS), Redshift, CockroachDB, Timescale, Timescale (GIS) and SQLite.
+
+If you want to use
+some non-default backends, you need to register them first:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+    import dj_database_url
+
+    # registration should be performed only once
+    dj_database_url.register("mysql-connector", "mysql.connector.django")
+
+    assert dj_database_url.parse("mysql-connector://user:password@host:port/db-name") == {
+        "ENGINE": "mysql.connector.django",
+        # ...other connection params
+    }
+
+Some backends need further config adjustments (e.g. oracle and mssql
+expect ``PORT`` to be a string). For such cases you can provide a
+post-processing function to ``register()`` (note that ``register()`` is
+used as a **decorator(!)** in this case):
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+    import dj_database_url
+
+    @dj_database_url.register("mssql", "sql_server.pyodbc")
+    def stringify_port(config):
+        config["PORT"] = str(config["PORT"])
+
+    @dj_database_url.register("redshift", "django_redshift_backend")
+    def apply_current_schema(config):
+        options = config["OPTIONS"]
+        schema = options.pop("currentSchema", None)
+        if schema:
+            options["options"] = f"-c search_path={schema}"
+
+    @dj_database_url.register("snowflake", "django_snowflake")
+    def adjust_snowflake_config(config):
+        config.pop("PORT", None)
+        config["ACCOUNT"] = config.pop("HOST")
+        name, _, schema = config["NAME"].partition("/")
+        if schema:
+            config["SCHEMA"] = schema
+            config["NAME"] = name
+        options = config.get("OPTIONS", {})
+        warehouse = options.pop("warehouse", None)
+        if warehouse:
+            config["WAREHOUSE"] = warehouse
+        role = options.pop("role", None)
+        if role:
+            config["ROLE"] = role
+
 URL schema
 ----------
 
@@ -155,6 +206,7 @@ URL schema
 | Engine               | Django Backend                                | URL                                              |
 +======================+===============================================+==================================================+
 | PostgreSQL           | ``django.db.backends.postgresql`` [1]_        | ``postgres://USER:PASSWORD@HOST:PORT/NAME`` [2]_ |
+|                      |                                               | ``postgresql://USER:PASSWORD@HOST:PORT/NAME``    |
 +----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
 | PostGIS              | ``django.contrib.gis.db.backends.postgis``    | ``postgis://USER:PASSWORD@HOST:PORT/NAME``       |
 +----------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+

dj_database_url/__init__.py

@@ -1,76 +1,156 @@
 import logging
 import os
 import urllib.parse as urlparse
-from typing import Any, Dict, Optional, Union
+from collections.abc import Callable
-
+from typing import Any, TypedDict
-from typing_extensions import TypedDict
 
 DEFAULT_ENV = "DATABASE_URL"
-
+ENGINE_SCHEMES: dict[str, "Engine"] = {}
-SCHEMES = {
-    "postgres": "django.db.backends.postgresql",
-    "postgresql": "django.db.backends.postgresql",
-    "pgsql": "django.db.backends.postgresql",
-    "postgis": "django.contrib.gis.db.backends.postgis",
-    "mysql": "django.db.backends.mysql",
-    "mysql2": "django.db.backends.mysql",
-    "mysqlgis": "django.contrib.gis.db.backends.mysql",
-    "mysql-connector": "mysql.connector.django",
-    "mssql": "sql_server.pyodbc",
-    "mssqlms": "mssql",
-    "spatialite": "django.contrib.gis.db.backends.spatialite",
-    "sqlite": "django.db.backends.sqlite3",
-    "oracle": "django.db.backends.oracle",
-    "oraclegis": "django.contrib.gis.db.backends.oracle",
-    "redshift": "django_redshift_backend",
-    "cockroach": "django_cockroachdb",
-    "timescale": "timescale.db.backends.postgresql",
-    "timescalegis": "timescale.db.backends.postgis",
-}
-
-# Register database schemes in URLs.
-for key in SCHEMES.keys():
-    urlparse.uses_netloc.append(key)
 
 
-# From https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/ref/settings/#databases
+# From https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/stable/ref/settings/#databases
 class DBConfig(TypedDict, total=False):
     ATOMIC_REQUESTS: bool
     AUTOCOMMIT: bool
-    CONN_MAX_AGE: Optional[int]
+    CONN_MAX_AGE: int | None
     CONN_HEALTH_CHECKS: bool
     DISABLE_SERVER_SIDE_CURSORS: bool
     ENGINE: str
     HOST: str
     NAME: str
-    OPTIONS: Optional[Dict[str, Any]]
+    OPTIONS: dict[str, Any]
     PASSWORD: str
-    PORT: Union[str, int]
+    PORT: str | int
-    TEST: Dict[str, Any]
+    TEST: dict[str, Any]
     TIME_ZONE: str
     USER: str
 
 
+PostprocessCallable = Callable[[DBConfig], None]
+OptionType = int | str | bool
+
+
+class ParseError(ValueError):
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return (
+            "This string is not a valid url, possibly because some of its parts"
+            " is not properly urllib.parse.quote()'ed."
+        )
+
+
+class UnknownSchemeError(ValueError):
+    def __init__(self, scheme: str):
+        self.scheme = scheme
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        schemes = ", ".join(sorted(ENGINE_SCHEMES.keys()))
+        return (
+            f"Scheme '{self.scheme}://' is unknown."
+            " Did you forget to register custom backend?"
+            f" Following schemes have registered backends: {schemes}."
+        )
+
+
+def default_postprocess(parsed_config: DBConfig) -> None:
+    pass
+
+
+class Engine:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        backend: str,
+        postprocess: PostprocessCallable = default_postprocess,
+    ):
+        self.backend = backend
+        self.postprocess = postprocess
+
+
+def register(
+    scheme: str, backend: str
+) -> Callable[[PostprocessCallable], PostprocessCallable]:
+    engine = Engine(backend)
+    if scheme not in ENGINE_SCHEMES:
+        urlparse.uses_netloc.append(scheme)
+    ENGINE_SCHEMES[scheme] = engine
+
+    def inner(func: PostprocessCallable) -> PostprocessCallable:
+        engine.postprocess = func
+        return func
+
+    return inner
+
+
+register("spatialite", "django.contrib.gis.db.backends.spatialite")
+register("mysql-connector", "mysql.connector.django")
+register("mysqlgis", "django.contrib.gis.db.backends.mysql")
+register("oraclegis", "django.contrib.gis.db.backends.oracle")
+register("cockroach", "django_cockroachdb")
+
+
+@register("sqlite", "django.db.backends.sqlite3")
+def default_to_in_memory_db(parsed_config: DBConfig) -> None:
+    # mimic sqlalchemy behaviour
+    if not parsed_config.get("NAME"):
+        parsed_config["NAME"] = ":memory:"
+
+
+@register("oracle", "django.db.backends.oracle")
+@register("mssqlms", "mssql")
+@register("mssql", "sql_server.pyodbc")
+def stringify_port(parsed_config: DBConfig) -> None:
+    parsed_config["PORT"] = str(parsed_config.get("PORT", ""))
+
+
+@register("mysql", "django.db.backends.mysql")
+@register("mysql2", "django.db.backends.mysql")
+def apply_ssl_ca(parsed_config: DBConfig) -> None:
+    options = parsed_config.get("OPTIONS", {})
+    ca = options.pop("ssl-ca", None)
+    if ca:
+        options["ssl"] = {"ca": ca}
+
+
+@register("postgres", "django.db.backends.postgresql")
+@register("postgresql", "django.db.backends.postgresql")
+@register("pgsql", "django.db.backends.postgresql")
+@register("postgis", "django.contrib.gis.db.backends.postgis")
+@register("redshift", "django_redshift_backend")
+@register("timescale", "timescale.db.backends.postgresql")
+@register("timescalegis", "timescale.db.backends.postgis")
+def apply_current_schema(parsed_config: DBConfig) -> None:
+    options = parsed_config.get("OPTIONS", {})
+    schema = options.pop("currentSchema", None)
+    if schema:
+        options["options"] = f"-c search_path={schema}"
+
+
 def config(
     env: str = DEFAULT_ENV,
-    default: Optional[str] = None,
+    default: str | None = None,
-    engine: Optional[str] = None,
+    engine: str | None = None,
-    conn_max_age: Optional[int] = 0,
+    conn_max_age: int | None = 0,
     conn_health_checks: bool = False,
+    disable_server_side_cursors: bool = False,
     ssl_require: bool = False,
-    test_options: Optional[Dict] = None,
+    test_options: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
 ) -> DBConfig:
     """Returns configured DATABASE dictionary from DATABASE_URL."""
     s = os.environ.get(env, default)
 
     if s is None:
         logging.warning(
-            "No %s environment variable set, and so no databases setup" % env
+            "No %s environment variable set, and so no databases setup", env
         )
 
     if s:
         return parse(
-            s, engine, conn_max_age, conn_health_checks, ssl_require, test_options
+            s,
+            engine,
+            conn_max_age,
+            conn_health_checks,
+            disable_server_side_cursors,
+            ssl_require,
+            test_options,
         )
 
     return {}
@@ -78,110 +158,96 @@ def config(
 
 def parse(
     url: str,
-    engine: Optional[str] = None,
+    engine: str | None = None,
-    conn_max_age: Optional[int] = 0,
+    conn_max_age: int | None = 0,
     conn_health_checks: bool = False,
+    disable_server_side_cursors: bool = False,
     ssl_require: bool = False,
-    test_options: Optional[dict] = None,
+    test_options: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
 ) -> DBConfig:
-    """Parses a database URL."""
+    """Parses a database URL and returns configured DATABASE dictionary."""
+    settings = _convert_to_settings(
+        engine,
+        conn_max_age,
+        conn_health_checks,
+        disable_server_side_cursors,
+        ssl_require,
+        test_options,
+    )
+
     if url == "sqlite://:memory:":
         # this is a special case, because if we pass this URL into
         # urlparse, urlparse will choke trying to interpret "memory"
         # as a port number
-        return {"ENGINE": SCHEMES["sqlite"], "NAME": ":memory:"}
+        return {"ENGINE": ENGINE_SCHEMES["sqlite"].backend, "NAME": ":memory:"}
         # note: no other settings are required for sqlite
 
-    # otherwise parse the url as normal
+    try:
-    parsed_config: DBConfig = {}
+        split_result = urlparse.urlsplit(url)
-
+        engine_obj = ENGINE_SCHEMES.get(split_result.scheme)
-    if test_options is None:
+        if engine_obj is None:
-        test_options = {}
+            raise UnknownSchemeError(split_result.scheme)
-
+        path = split_result.path[1:]
-    spliturl = urlparse.urlsplit(url)
+        query = urlparse.parse_qs(split_result.query)
-
+        options = {k: _parse_option_values(v) for k, v in query.items()}
-    # Split query strings from path.
+        parsed_config: DBConfig = {
-    path = spliturl.path[1:]
+            "ENGINE": engine_obj.backend,
-    query = urlparse.parse_qs(spliturl.query)
+            "USER": urlparse.unquote(split_result.username or ""),
-
+            "PASSWORD": urlparse.unquote(split_result.password or ""),
-    # If we are using sqlite and we have no path, then assume we
+            "HOST": urlparse.unquote(split_result.hostname or ""),
-    # want an in-memory database (this is the behaviour of sqlalchemy)
+            "PORT": split_result.port or "",
-    if spliturl.scheme == "sqlite" and path == "":
+            "NAME": urlparse.unquote(path),
-        path = ":memory:"
+            "OPTIONS": options,
-
-    # Handle postgres percent-encoded paths.
-    hostname = spliturl.hostname or ""
-    if "%" in hostname:
-        # Switch to url.netloc to avoid lower cased paths
-        hostname = spliturl.netloc
-        if "@" in hostname:
-            hostname = hostname.rsplit("@", 1)[1]
-        # Use URL Parse library to decode % encodes
-        hostname = urlparse.unquote(hostname)
-
-    # Lookup specified engine.
-    if engine is None:
-        engine = SCHEMES.get(spliturl.scheme)
-        if engine is None:
-            raise ValueError(
-                "No support for '%s'. We support: %s"
-                % (spliturl.scheme, ", ".join(sorted(SCHEMES.keys())))
-            )
-
-    port = (
-        str(spliturl.port)
-        if spliturl.port
-        and engine in (SCHEMES["oracle"], SCHEMES["mssql"], SCHEMES["mssqlms"])
-        else spliturl.port
-    )
-
-    # Update with environment configuration.
-    parsed_config.update(
-        {
-            "NAME": urlparse.unquote(path or ""),
-            "USER": urlparse.unquote(spliturl.username or ""),
-            "PASSWORD": urlparse.unquote(spliturl.password or ""),
-            "HOST": hostname,
-            "PORT": port or "",
-            "CONN_MAX_AGE": conn_max_age,
-            "CONN_HEALTH_CHECKS": conn_health_checks,
-            "ENGINE": engine,
         }
-    )
+    except UnknownSchemeError:
-    if test_options:
+        raise
-        parsed_config.update(
+    except ValueError:
-            {
+        raise ParseError() from None
-                'TEST': test_options,
-            }
-        )
 
-    # Pass the query string into OPTIONS.
+    # Guarantee that config has options, possibly empty, when postprocess() is called
-    options: Dict[str, Any] = {}
+    assert isinstance(parsed_config["OPTIONS"], dict)
-    for key, values in query.items():
+    engine_obj.postprocess(parsed_config)
-        if spliturl.scheme == "mysql" and key == "ssl-ca":
-            options["ssl"] = {"ca": values[-1]}
-            continue
 
-        try:
+    # Update the final config with any settings passed in explicitly.
-            options[key] = int(values[-1])
+    parsed_config["OPTIONS"].update(settings.pop("OPTIONS", {}))
-        except (TypeError, ValueError):
+    parsed_config.update(settings)
-            options[key] = values[-1]
-
-    if ssl_require:
-        options["sslmode"] = "require"
-
-    # Support for Postgres Schema URLs
-    if "currentSchema" in options and engine in (
-        "django.contrib.gis.db.backends.postgis",
-        "django.db.backends.postgresql_psycopg2",
-        "django.db.backends.postgresql",
-        "django_redshift_backend",
-        "timescale.db.backends.postgresql",
-        "timescale.db.backends.postgis",
-    ):
-        options["options"] = "-c search_path={0}".format(options.pop("currentSchema"))
-
-    if options:
-        parsed_config["OPTIONS"] = options
 
+    if not parsed_config["OPTIONS"]:
+        parsed_config.pop("OPTIONS")
     return parsed_config
+
+
+def _parse_option_values(values: list[str]) -> OptionType | list[OptionType]:
+    parsed_values = [_parse_value(v) for v in values]
+    return parsed_values[0] if len(parsed_values) == 1 else parsed_values
+
+
+def _parse_value(value: str) -> OptionType:
+    if value.isdigit():
+        return int(value)
+    if value.lower() in ("true", "false"):
+        return value.lower() == "true"
+    return value
+
+
+def _convert_to_settings(
+    engine: str | None,
+    conn_max_age: int | None,
+    conn_health_checks: bool,
+    disable_server_side_cursors: bool,
+    ssl_require: bool,
+    test_options: dict[str, Any] | None,
+) -> DBConfig:
+    settings: DBConfig = {
+        "CONN_MAX_AGE": conn_max_age,
+        "CONN_HEALTH_CHECKS": conn_health_checks,
+        "DISABLE_SERVER_SIDE_CURSORS": disable_server_side_cursors,
+    }
+    if engine:
+        settings["ENGINE"] = engine
+    if ssl_require:
+        settings["OPTIONS"] = {}
+        settings["OPTIONS"]["sslmode"] = "require"
+    if test_options:
+        settings["TEST"] = test_options
+    return settings

pyproject.toml

@@ -1,8 +1,79 @@
-[tool.black]
+[project]
-skip-string-normalization = 1
+name = "dj-database-url"
+version = "0.0.0"
+description = "Use Database URLs in your Django Application."
+authors = [
+    { name = "Jazzband community" }
+]
+readme = "README.rst"
+requires-python = ">=3.10"
+license = "BSD-3-Clause"
+license-files = ["LICENSE"]
+dependencies = [
+    "django>=4.2",
+]
+classifiers = [
+    "Environment :: Web Environment",
+    "Framework :: Django",
+    "Framework :: Django :: 4.2",
+    "Framework :: Django :: 5.2",
+    "Framework :: Django :: 6",
+    "Intended Audience :: Developers",
+    "License :: OSI Approved :: BSD License",
+    "Operating System :: OS Independent",
+    "Programming Language :: Python",
+    "Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP :: Dynamic Content",
+    "Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules",
+    "Programming Language :: Python",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.14",
+]
+
+[project.urls]
+Homepage = "https://jazzband.co/projects/dj-database-url"
+Changelog = "https://github.com/jazzband/dj-database-url/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md"
+Funding = "https://psfmember.org/civicrm/contribute/transact/?reset=1&id=34"
+Bug = "https://github.com/jazzband/dj-database-url/issues"
+
+[build-system]
+requires = ["uv_build>=0.9.17,<0.10.0"]
+build-backend = "uv_build"
+
+[tool.uv.build-backend]
+module-name = "dj_database_url"
+module-root = ""
+source-include = ["dj_database_url/py.typed", "tests/**"]
+
+[tool.ruff]
+line-length = 88
+
+[tool.ruff.lint]
+extend-select = ["B", "I"]
+
+[tool.ruff.format]
+quote-style = "preserve"
 
 [tool.mypy]
 show_error_codes=true
 disallow_untyped_defs=true
 disallow_untyped_calls=true
 warn_redundant_casts=true
+
+[tool.pyright]
+typeCheckingMode = "strict"
+
+[dependency-groups]
+dev = [
+    "coverage>=7.13.0",
+    "mypy>=1.19.1",
+    "pyright>=1.1.407",
+    "pytest>=9.0.2",
+    "ruff>=0.14.10",
+    "setuptools>=80.9.0",
+    "twine>=6.2.0",
+    "wheel>=0.45.1",
+]

requirements.txt

@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-coverage
-mypy

setup.py

@@ -1,49 +0,0 @@
-from pathlib import Path
-
-from setuptools import setup
-
-readme = Path("README.rst").read_text()
-
-setup(
-    name="dj-database-url",
-    version="2.1.0",
-    url="https://github.com/jazzband/dj-database-url",
-    license="BSD",
-    author="Original Author: Kenneth Reitz, Maintained by: JazzBand Community",
-    description="Use Database URLs in your Django Application.",
-    long_description=readme,
-    long_description_content_type="text/x-rst",
-    packages=["dj_database_url"],
-    install_requires=["Django>=3.2", "typing_extensions >= 3.10.0.0"],
-    include_package_data=True,
-    package_data={
-        "dj_database_url": ["py.typed"],
-    },
-    platforms="any",
-    project_urls={
-        "GitHub": "https://github.com/jazzband/dj-database-url/",
-        "Release log": (
-            "https://github.com/jazzband/dj-database-url/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md"
-        ),
-    },
-    classifiers=[
-        "Environment :: Web Environment",
-        "Framework :: Django",
-        "Framework :: Django :: 3.2",
-        "Framework :: Django :: 4.0",
-        "Framework :: Django :: 4.1",
-        "Intended Audience :: Developers",
-        "License :: OSI Approved :: BSD License",
-        "Operating System :: OS Independent",
-        "Programming Language :: Python",
-        "Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP :: Dynamic Content",
-        "Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules",
-        "Programming Language :: Python",
-        "Programming Language :: Python :: 3",
-        "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7",
-        "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8",
-        "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9",
-        "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10",
-        "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11",
-    ],
-)

tests/test_dj_database_url.py

@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
+# pyright: reportTypedDictNotRequiredAccess=false
+
 import os
+import re
 import unittest
 from unittest import mock
+from urllib.parse import uses_netloc
 
 import dj_database_url
 
@@ -8,9 +12,10 @@ POSTGIS_URL = "postgis://uf07k1i6d8ia0v:wegauwhgeuioweg@ec2-107-21-253-135.compu
 
 
 class DatabaseTestSuite(unittest.TestCase):
-    def test_postgres_parsing(self):
+    def test_postgres_parsing(self) -> None:
-        url = "postgres://uf07k1i6d8ia0v:wegauwhgeuioweg@ec2-107-21-253-135.compute-1.amazonaws.com:5431/d8r82722r2kuvn"
+        url = dj_database_url.parse(
-        url = dj_database_url.parse(url)
+            "postgres://uf07k1i6d8ia0v:wegauwhgeuioweg@ec2-107-21-253-135.compute-1.amazonaws.com:5431/d8r82722r2kuvn"
+        )
 
         assert url["ENGINE"] == "django.db.backends.postgresql"
         assert url["NAME"] == "d8r82722r2kuvn"
@@ -19,9 +24,10 @@ class DatabaseTestSuite(unittest.TestCase):
         assert url["PASSWORD"] == "wegauwhgeuioweg"
         assert url["PORT"] == 5431
 
-    def test_postgres_unix_socket_parsing(self):
+    def test_postgres_unix_socket_parsing(self) -> None:
-        url = "postgres://%2Fvar%2Frun%2Fpostgresql/d8r82722r2kuvn"
+        url = dj_database_url.parse(
-        url = dj_database_url.parse(url)
+            "postgres://%2Fvar%2Frun%2Fpostgresql/d8r82722r2kuvn"
+        )
 
         assert url["ENGINE"] == "django.db.backends.postgresql"
         assert url["NAME"] == "d8r82722r2kuvn"
@@ -30,8 +36,9 @@ class DatabaseTestSuite(unittest.TestCase):
         assert url["PASSWORD"] == ""
         assert url["PORT"] == ""
 
-        url = "postgres://%2FUsers%2Fpostgres%2FRuN/d8r82722r2kuvn"
+        url = dj_database_url.parse(
-        url = dj_database_url.parse(url)
+            "postgres://%2FUsers%2Fpostgres%2FRuN/d8r82722r2kuvn"
+        )
 
         assert url["ENGINE"] == "django.db.backends.postgresql"
         assert url["HOST"] == "/Users/postgres/RuN"
@@ -39,9 +46,10 @@ class DatabaseTestSuite(unittest.TestCase):
         assert url["PASSWORD"] == ""
         assert url["PORT"] == ""
 
-    def test_postgres_google_cloud_parsing(self):
+    def test_postgres_google_cloud_parsing(self) -> None:
-        url = "postgres://uf07k1i6d8ia0v:wegauwhgeuioweg@%2Fcloudsql%2Fproject_id%3Aregion%3Ainstance_id/d8r82722r2kuvn"
+        url = dj_database_url.parse(
-        url = dj_database_url.parse(url)
+            "postgres://uf07k1i6d8ia0v:wegauwhgeuioweg@%2Fcloudsql%2Fproject_id%3Aregion%3Ainstance_id/d8r82722r2kuvn"
+        )
 
         assert url["ENGINE"] == "django.db.backends.postgresql"
         assert url["NAME"] == "d8r82722r2kuvn"
@@ -50,9 +58,10 @@ class DatabaseTestSuite(unittest.TestCase):
         assert url["PASSWORD"] == "wegauwhgeuioweg"
         assert url["PORT"] == ""
 
-    def test_ipv6_parsing(self):
+    def test_ipv6_parsing(self) -> None:
-        url = "postgres://ieRaekei9wilaim7:wegauwhgeuioweg@[2001:db8:1234::1234:5678:90af]:5431/d8r82722r2kuvn"
+        url = dj_database_url.parse(
-        url = dj_database_url.parse(url)
+            "postgres://ieRaekei9wilaim7:wegauwhgeuioweg@[2001:db8:1234::1234:5678:90af]:5431/d8r82722r2kuvn"
+        )
 
         assert url["ENGINE"] == "django.db.backends.postgresql"
         assert url["NAME"] == "d8r82722r2kuvn"
@@ -61,9 +70,10 @@ class DatabaseTestSuite(unittest.TestCase):
         assert url["PASSWORD"] == "wegauwhgeuioweg"
         assert url["PORT"] == 5431
 
-    def test_postgres_search_path_parsing(self):
+    def test_postgres_search_path_parsing(self) -> None:
-        url = "postgres://uf07k1i6d8ia0v:wegauwhgeuioweg@ec2-107-21-253-135.compute-1.amazonaws.com:5431/d8r82722r2kuvn?currentSchema=otherschema"
+        url = dj_database_url.parse(
-        url = dj_database_url.parse(url)
+            "postgres://uf07k1i6d8ia0v:wegauwhgeuioweg@ec2-107-21-253-135.compute-1.amazonaws.com:5431/d8r82722r2kuvn?currentSchema=otherschema"
+        )
         assert url["ENGINE"] == "django.db.backends.postgresql"
         assert url["NAME"] == "d8r82722r2kuvn"
         assert url["HOST"] == "ec2-107-21-253-135.compute-1.amazonaws.com"
@@ -73,9 +83,10 @@ class DatabaseTestSuite(unittest.TestCase):
         assert url["OPTIONS"]["options"] == "-c search_path=otherschema"
         assert "currentSchema" not in url["OPTIONS"]
 
-    def test_postgres_parsing_with_special_characters(self):
+    def test_postgres_parsing_with_special_characters(self) -> None:
-        url = "postgres://%23user:%23password@ec2-107-21-253-135.compute-1.amazonaws.com:5431/%23database"
+        url = dj_database_url.parse(
-        url = dj_database_url.parse(url)
+            "postgres://%23user:%23password@ec2-107-21-253-135.compute-1.amazonaws.com:5431/%23database"
+        )
 
         assert url["ENGINE"] == "django.db.backends.postgresql"
         assert url["NAME"] == "#database"
@@ -84,9 +95,26 @@ class DatabaseTestSuite(unittest.TestCase):
         assert url["PASSWORD"] == "#password"
         assert url["PORT"] == 5431
 
-    def test_postgis_parsing(self):
+    def test_postgres_parsing_with_int_bool_str_query_string(self) -> None:
-        url = "postgis://uf07k1i6d8ia0v:wegauwhgeuioweg@ec2-107-21-253-135.compute-1.amazonaws.com:5431/d8r82722r2kuvn"
+        url = dj_database_url.parse(
-        url = dj_database_url.parse(url)
+            "postgres://uf07k1i6d8ia0v:wegauwhgeuioweg@ec2-107-21-253-135.compute-1.amazonaws.com:5431/d8r82722r2kuvn?server_side_binding=true&timeout=20&service=my_service&passfile=.my_pgpass"
+        )
+
+        assert url["ENGINE"] == "django.db.backends.postgresql"
+        assert url["NAME"] == "d8r82722r2kuvn"
+        assert url["HOST"] == "ec2-107-21-253-135.compute-1.amazonaws.com"
+        assert url["USER"] == "uf07k1i6d8ia0v"
+        assert url["PASSWORD"] == "wegauwhgeuioweg"
+        assert url["PORT"] == 5431
+        assert url["OPTIONS"]["server_side_binding"] is True
+        assert url["OPTIONS"]["timeout"] == 20
+        assert url["OPTIONS"]["service"] == "my_service"
+        assert url["OPTIONS"]["passfile"] == ".my_pgpass"
+
+    def test_postgis_parsing(self) -> None:
+        url = dj_database_url.parse(
+            "postgis://uf07k1i6d8ia0v:wegauwhgeuioweg@ec2-107-21-253-135.compute-1.amazonaws.com:5431/d8r82722r2kuvn"
+        )
 
         assert url["ENGINE"] == "django.contrib.gis.db.backends.postgis"
         assert url["NAME"] == "d8r82722r2kuvn"
@@ -95,9 +123,10 @@ class DatabaseTestSuite(unittest.TestCase):
         assert url["PASSWORD"] == "wegauwhgeuioweg"
         assert url["PORT"] == 5431
 
-    def test_postgis_search_path_parsing(self):
+    def test_postgis_search_path_parsing(self) -> None:
-        url = "postgis://uf07k1i6d8ia0v:wegauwhgeuioweg@ec2-107-21-253-135.compute-1.amazonaws.com:5431/d8r82722r2kuvn?currentSchema=otherschema"
+        url = dj_database_url.parse(
-        url = dj_database_url.parse(url)
+            "postgis://uf07k1i6d8ia0v:wegauwhgeuioweg@ec2-107-21-253-135.compute-1.amazonaws.com:5431/d8r82722r2kuvn?currentSchema=otherschema"
+        )
         assert url["ENGINE"] == "django.contrib.gis.db.backends.postgis"
         assert url["NAME"] == "d8r82722r2kuvn"
         assert url["HOST"] == "ec2-107-21-253-135.compute-1.amazonaws.com"
@@ -107,9 +136,10 @@ class DatabaseTestSuite(unittest.TestCase):
         assert url["OPTIONS"]["options"] == "-c search_path=otherschema"
         assert "currentSchema" not in url["OPTIONS"]
 
-    def test_mysql_gis_parsing(self):
+    def test_mysql_gis_parsing(self) -> None:
-        url = "mysqlgis://uf07k1i6d8ia0v:wegauwhgeuioweg@ec2-107-21-253-135.compute-1.amazonaws.com:5431/d8r82722r2kuvn"
+        url = dj_database_url.parse(
-        url = dj_database_url.parse(url)
+            "mysqlgis://uf07k1i6d8ia0v:wegauwhgeuioweg@ec2-107-21-253-135.compute-1.amazonaws.com:5431/d8r82722r2kuvn"
+        )
 
         assert url["ENGINE"] == "django.contrib.gis.db.backends.mysql"
         assert url["NAME"] == "d8r82722r2kuvn"
@@ -118,9 +148,10 @@ class DatabaseTestSuite(unittest.TestCase):
         assert url["PASSWORD"] == "wegauwhgeuioweg"
         assert url["PORT"] == 5431
 
-    def test_mysql_connector_parsing(self):
+    def test_mysql_connector_parsing(self) -> None:
-        url = "mysql-connector://uf07k1i6d8ia0v:wegauwhgeuioweg@ec2-107-21-253-135.compute-1.amazonaws.com:5431/d8r82722r2kuvn"
+        url = dj_database_url.parse(
-        url = dj_database_url.parse(url)
+            "mysql-connector://uf07k1i6d8ia0v:wegauwhgeuioweg@ec2-107-21-253-135.compute-1.amazonaws.com:5431/d8r82722r2kuvn"
+        )
 
         assert url["ENGINE"] == "mysql.connector.django"
         assert url["NAME"] == "d8r82722r2kuvn"
@@ -129,7 +160,7 @@ class DatabaseTestSuite(unittest.TestCase):
         assert url["PASSWORD"] == "wegauwhgeuioweg"
         assert url["PORT"] == 5431
 
-    def test_config_test_options(self):
+    def test_config_test_options(self) -> None:
         with mock.patch.dict(
             os.environ,
             {
@@ -143,9 +174,10 @@ class DatabaseTestSuite(unittest.TestCase):
 
         assert url['TEST']['NAME'] == 'mytestdatabase'
 
-    def test_cleardb_parsing(self):
+    def test_cleardb_parsing(self) -> None:
-        url = "mysql://bea6eb025ca0d8:69772142@us-cdbr-east.cleardb.com/heroku_97681db3eff7580?reconnect=true"
+        url = dj_database_url.parse(
-        url = dj_database_url.parse(url)
+            "mysql://bea6eb025ca0d8:69772142@us-cdbr-east.cleardb.com/heroku_97681db3eff7580?reconnect=true"
+        )
 
         assert url["ENGINE"] == "django.db.backends.mysql"
         assert url["NAME"] == "heroku_97681db3eff7580"
@@ -154,7 +186,7 @@ class DatabaseTestSuite(unittest.TestCase):
         assert url["PASSWORD"] == "69772142"
         assert url["PORT"] == ""
 
-    def test_database_url(self):
+    def test_database_url(self) -> None:
         with mock.patch.dict(os.environ, clear=True):
             a = dj_database_url.config()
         assert not a
@@ -174,28 +206,46 @@ class DatabaseTestSuite(unittest.TestCase):
         assert url["PASSWORD"] == "wegauwhgeuioweg"
         assert url["PORT"] == 5431
 
-    def test_empty_sqlite_url(self):
+    def test_empty_sqlite_url(self) -> None:
-        url = "sqlite://"
+        url = dj_database_url.parse("sqlite://")
-        url = dj_database_url.parse(url)
 
         assert url["ENGINE"] == "django.db.backends.sqlite3"
         assert url["NAME"] == ":memory:"
 
-    def test_memory_sqlite_url(self):
+    def test_memory_sqlite_url(self) -> None:
-        url = "sqlite://:memory:"
+        url = dj_database_url.parse("sqlite://:memory:")
-        url = dj_database_url.parse(url)
 
         assert url["ENGINE"] == "django.db.backends.sqlite3"
         assert url["NAME"] == ":memory:"
 
-    def test_parse_engine_setting(self):
+    def test_sqlite_relative_url(self) -> None:
+        url = "sqlite:///db.sqlite3"
+        config = dj_database_url.parse(url)
+
+        assert config["ENGINE"] == "django.db.backends.sqlite3"
+        assert config["NAME"] == "db.sqlite3"
+
+    def test_sqlite_absolute_url(self) -> None:
+        # 4 slashes are needed:
+        # two are part of scheme
+        # one separates host:port from path
+        # and the fourth goes to "NAME" value
+        url = "sqlite:////db.sqlite3"
+        config = dj_database_url.parse(url)
+
+        assert config["ENGINE"] == "django.db.backends.sqlite3"
+        assert config["NAME"] == "/db.sqlite3"
+
+    def test_parse_engine_setting(self) -> None:
         engine = "django_mysqlpool.backends.mysqlpool"
-        url = "mysql://bea6eb025ca0d8:69772142@us-cdbr-east.cleardb.com/heroku_97681db3eff7580?reconnect=true"
+        url = dj_database_url.parse(
-        url = dj_database_url.parse(url, engine)
+            "mysql://bea6eb025ca0d8:69772142@us-cdbr-east.cleardb.com/heroku_97681db3eff7580?reconnect=true",
+            engine,
+        )
 
         assert url["ENGINE"] == engine
 
-    def test_config_engine_setting(self):
+    def test_config_engine_setting(self) -> None:
         engine = "django_mysqlpool.backends.mysqlpool"
         with mock.patch.dict(
             os.environ,
@@ -207,15 +257,17 @@ class DatabaseTestSuite(unittest.TestCase):
 
         assert url["ENGINE"] == engine
 
-    def test_parse_conn_max_age_setting(self):
+    def test_parse_conn_max_age_setting(self) -> None:
         conn_max_age = 600
-        url = "mysql://bea6eb025ca0d8:69772142@us-cdbr-east.cleardb.com/heroku_97681db3eff7580?reconnect=true"
+        url = dj_database_url.parse(
-        url = dj_database_url.parse(url, conn_max_age=conn_max_age)
+            "mysql://bea6eb025ca0d8:69772142@us-cdbr-east.cleardb.com/heroku_97681db3eff7580?reconnect=true",
+            conn_max_age=conn_max_age,
+        )
 
         assert url["CONN_MAX_AGE"] == conn_max_age
 
-    def test_config_conn_max_age_setting(self):
+    def test_config_conn_max_age_setting_none(self) -> None:
-        conn_max_age = 600
+        conn_max_age = None
         with mock.patch.dict(
             os.environ,
             {
@@ -226,7 +278,7 @@ class DatabaseTestSuite(unittest.TestCase):
 
         assert url["CONN_MAX_AGE"] == conn_max_age
 
-    def test_database_url_with_options(self):
+    def test_database_url_with_options(self) -> None:
         # Test full options
         with mock.patch.dict(
             os.environ,
@@ -257,7 +309,7 @@ class DatabaseTestSuite(unittest.TestCase):
             url = dj_database_url.config()
         assert "OPTIONS" not in url
 
-    def test_mysql_database_url_with_sslca_options(self):
+    def test_mysql_database_url_with_sslca_options(self) -> None:
         with mock.patch.dict(
             os.environ,
             {
@@ -284,9 +336,8 @@ class DatabaseTestSuite(unittest.TestCase):
             url = dj_database_url.config()
         assert "OPTIONS" not in url
 
-    def test_oracle_parsing(self):
+    def test_oracle_parsing(self) -> None:
-        url = "oracle://scott:tiger@oraclehost:1521/hr"
+        url = dj_database_url.parse("oracle://scott:tiger@oraclehost:1521/hr")
-        url = dj_database_url.parse(url)
 
         assert url["ENGINE"] == "django.db.backends.oracle"
         assert url["NAME"] == "hr"
@@ -295,9 +346,8 @@ class DatabaseTestSuite(unittest.TestCase):
         assert url["PASSWORD"] == "tiger"
         assert url["PORT"] == "1521"
 
-    def test_oracle_gis_parsing(self):
+    def test_oracle_gis_parsing(self) -> None:
-        url = "oraclegis://scott:tiger@oraclehost:1521/hr"
+        url = dj_database_url.parse("oraclegis://scott:tiger@oraclehost:1521/hr")
-        url = dj_database_url.parse(url)
 
         assert url["ENGINE"] == "django.contrib.gis.db.backends.oracle"
         assert url["NAME"] == "hr"
@@ -306,14 +356,13 @@ class DatabaseTestSuite(unittest.TestCase):
         assert url["PASSWORD"] == "tiger"
         assert url["PORT"] == 1521
 
-    def test_oracle_dsn_parsing(self):
+    def test_oracle_dsn_parsing(self) -> None:
-        url = (
+        url = dj_database_url.parse(
             "oracle://scott:tiger@/"
             "(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS_LIST=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)"
             "(HOST=oraclehost)(PORT=1521)))"
             "(CONNECT_DATA=(SID=hr)))"
         )
-        url = dj_database_url.parse(url)
 
         assert url["ENGINE"] == "django.db.backends.oracle"
         assert url["USER"] == "scott"
@@ -329,9 +378,8 @@ class DatabaseTestSuite(unittest.TestCase):
 
         assert url["NAME"] == dsn
 
-    def test_oracle_tns_parsing(self):
+    def test_oracle_tns_parsing(self) -> None:
-        url = "oracle://scott:tiger@/tnsname"
+        url = dj_database_url.parse("oracle://scott:tiger@/tnsname")
-        url = dj_database_url.parse(url)
 
         assert url["ENGINE"] == "django.db.backends.oracle"
         assert url["USER"] == "scott"
@@ -340,9 +388,10 @@ class DatabaseTestSuite(unittest.TestCase):
         assert url["HOST"] == ""
         assert url["PORT"] == ""
 
-    def test_redshift_parsing(self):
+    def test_redshift_parsing(self) -> None:
-        url = "redshift://uf07k1i6d8ia0v:wegauwhgeuioweg@ec2-107-21-253-135.compute-1.amazonaws.com:5439/d8r82722r2kuvn?currentSchema=otherschema"
+        url = dj_database_url.parse(
-        url = dj_database_url.parse(url)
+            "redshift://uf07k1i6d8ia0v:wegauwhgeuioweg@ec2-107-21-253-135.compute-1.amazonaws.com:5439/d8r82722r2kuvn?currentSchema=otherschema"
+        )
 
         assert url["ENGINE"] == "django_redshift_backend"
         assert url["NAME"] == "d8r82722r2kuvn"
@@ -353,9 +402,10 @@ class DatabaseTestSuite(unittest.TestCase):
         assert url["OPTIONS"]["options"] == "-c search_path=otherschema"
         assert "currentSchema" not in url["OPTIONS"]
 
-    def test_mssql_parsing(self):
+    def test_mssql_parsing(self) -> None:
-        url = "mssql://uf07k1i6d8ia0v:wegauwhgeuioweg@ec2-107-21-253-135.compute-1.amazonaws.com/d8r82722r2kuvn?driver=ODBC Driver 13 for SQL Server"
+        url = dj_database_url.parse(
-        url = dj_database_url.parse(url)
+            "mssql://uf07k1i6d8ia0v:wegauwhgeuioweg@ec2-107-21-253-135.compute-1.amazonaws.com/d8r82722r2kuvn?driver=ODBC Driver 13 for SQL Server"
+        )
 
         assert url["ENGINE"] == "sql_server.pyodbc"
         assert url["NAME"] == "d8r82722r2kuvn"
@@ -366,9 +416,10 @@ class DatabaseTestSuite(unittest.TestCase):
         assert url["OPTIONS"]["driver"] == "ODBC Driver 13 for SQL Server"
         assert "currentSchema" not in url["OPTIONS"]
 
-    def test_mssql_instance_port_parsing(self):
+    def test_mssql_instance_port_parsing(self) -> None:
-        url = "mssql://uf07k1i6d8ia0v:wegauwhgeuioweg@ec2-107-21-253-135.compute-1.amazonaws.com\\insnsnss:12345/d8r82722r2kuvn?driver=ODBC Driver 13 for SQL Server"
+        url = dj_database_url.parse(
-        url = dj_database_url.parse(url)
+            "mssql://uf07k1i6d8ia0v:wegauwhgeuioweg@ec2-107-21-253-135.compute-1.amazonaws.com\\insnsnss:12345/d8r82722r2kuvn?driver=ODBC Driver 13 for SQL Server"
+        )
 
         assert url["ENGINE"] == "sql_server.pyodbc"
         assert url["NAME"] == "d8r82722r2kuvn"
@@ -379,9 +430,10 @@ class DatabaseTestSuite(unittest.TestCase):
         assert url["OPTIONS"]["driver"] == "ODBC Driver 13 for SQL Server"
         assert "currentSchema" not in url["OPTIONS"]
 
-    def test_cockroach(self):
+    def test_cockroach(self) -> None:
-        url = "cockroach://testuser:testpass@testhost:26257/cockroach?sslmode=verify-full&sslrootcert=/certs/ca.crt&sslcert=/certs/client.myprojectuser.crt&sslkey=/certs/client.myprojectuser.key"
+        url = dj_database_url.parse(
-        url = dj_database_url.parse(url)
+            "cockroach://testuser:testpass@testhost:26257/cockroach?sslmode=verify-full&sslrootcert=/certs/ca.crt&sslcert=/certs/client.myprojectuser.crt&sslkey=/certs/client.myprojectuser.key"
+        )
         assert url['ENGINE'] == 'django_cockroachdb'
         assert url['NAME'] == 'cockroach'
         assert url['HOST'] == 'testhost'
@@ -393,9 +445,10 @@ class DatabaseTestSuite(unittest.TestCase):
         assert url['OPTIONS']['sslcert'] == '/certs/client.myprojectuser.crt'
         assert url['OPTIONS']['sslkey'] == '/certs/client.myprojectuser.key'
 
-    def test_mssqlms_parsing(self):
+    def test_mssqlms_parsing(self) -> None:
-        url = "mssqlms://uf07k1i6d8ia0v:wegauwhgeuioweg@ec2-107-21-253-135.compute-1.amazonaws.com/d8r82722r2kuvn?driver=ODBC Driver 13 for SQL Server"
+        url = dj_database_url.parse(
-        url = dj_database_url.parse(url)
+            "mssqlms://uf07k1i6d8ia0v:wegauwhgeuioweg@ec2-107-21-253-135.compute-1.amazonaws.com/d8r82722r2kuvn?driver=ODBC Driver 13 for SQL Server"
+        )
 
         assert url["ENGINE"] == "mssql"
         assert url["NAME"] == "d8r82722r2kuvn"
@@ -406,9 +459,10 @@ class DatabaseTestSuite(unittest.TestCase):
         assert url["OPTIONS"]["driver"] == "ODBC Driver 13 for SQL Server"
         assert "currentSchema" not in url["OPTIONS"]
 
-    def test_timescale_parsing(self):
+    def test_timescale_parsing(self) -> None:
-        url = "timescale://uf07k1i6d8ia0v:wegauwhgeuioweg@ec2-107-21-253-135.compute-1.amazonaws.com:5431/d8r82722r2kuvn"
+        url = dj_database_url.parse(
-        url = dj_database_url.parse(url)
+            "timescale://uf07k1i6d8ia0v:wegauwhgeuioweg@ec2-107-21-253-135.compute-1.amazonaws.com:5431/d8r82722r2kuvn"
+        )
 
         assert url["ENGINE"] == "timescale.db.backends.postgresql"
         assert url["NAME"] == "d8r82722r2kuvn"
@@ -417,9 +471,10 @@ class DatabaseTestSuite(unittest.TestCase):
         assert url["PASSWORD"] == "wegauwhgeuioweg"
         assert url["PORT"] == 5431
 
-    def test_timescale_unix_socket_parsing(self):
+    def test_timescale_unix_socket_parsing(self) -> None:
-        url = "timescale://%2Fvar%2Frun%2Fpostgresql/d8r82722r2kuvn"
+        url = dj_database_url.parse(
-        url = dj_database_url.parse(url)
+            "timescale://%2Fvar%2Frun%2Fpostgresql/d8r82722r2kuvn"
+        )
 
         assert url["ENGINE"] == "timescale.db.backends.postgresql"
         assert url["NAME"] == "d8r82722r2kuvn"
@@ -428,8 +483,9 @@ class DatabaseTestSuite(unittest.TestCase):
         assert url["PASSWORD"] == ""
         assert url["PORT"] == ""
 
-        url = "timescale://%2FUsers%2Fpostgres%2FRuN/d8r82722r2kuvn"
+        url = dj_database_url.parse(
-        url = dj_database_url.parse(url)
+            "timescale://%2FUsers%2Fpostgres%2FRuN/d8r82722r2kuvn"
+        )
 
         assert url["ENGINE"] == "timescale.db.backends.postgresql"
         assert url["HOST"] == "/Users/postgres/RuN"
@@ -437,9 +493,10 @@ class DatabaseTestSuite(unittest.TestCase):
         assert url["PASSWORD"] == ""
         assert url["PORT"] == ""
 
-    def test_timescale_ipv6_parsing(self):
+    def test_timescale_ipv6_parsing(self) -> None:
-        url = "timescale://ieRaekei9wilaim7:wegauwhgeuioweg@[2001:db8:1234::1234:5678:90af]:5431/d8r82722r2kuvn"
+        url = dj_database_url.parse(
-        url = dj_database_url.parse(url)
+            "timescale://ieRaekei9wilaim7:wegauwhgeuioweg@[2001:db8:1234::1234:5678:90af]:5431/d8r82722r2kuvn"
+        )
 
         assert url["ENGINE"] == "timescale.db.backends.postgresql"
         assert url["NAME"] == "d8r82722r2kuvn"
@@ -448,9 +505,10 @@ class DatabaseTestSuite(unittest.TestCase):
         assert url["PASSWORD"] == "wegauwhgeuioweg"
         assert url["PORT"] == 5431
 
-    def test_timescale_search_path_parsing(self):
+    def test_timescale_search_path_parsing(self) -> None:
-        url = "timescale://uf07k1i6d8ia0v:wegauwhgeuioweg@ec2-107-21-253-135.compute-1.amazonaws.com:5431/d8r82722r2kuvn?currentSchema=otherschema"
+        url = dj_database_url.parse(
-        url = dj_database_url.parse(url)
+            "timescale://uf07k1i6d8ia0v:wegauwhgeuioweg@ec2-107-21-253-135.compute-1.amazonaws.com:5431/d8r82722r2kuvn?currentSchema=otherschema"
+        )
         assert url["ENGINE"] == "timescale.db.backends.postgresql"
         assert url["NAME"] == "d8r82722r2kuvn"
         assert url["HOST"] == "ec2-107-21-253-135.compute-1.amazonaws.com"
@@ -460,9 +518,10 @@ class DatabaseTestSuite(unittest.TestCase):
         assert url["OPTIONS"]["options"] == "-c search_path=otherschema"
         assert "currentSchema" not in url["OPTIONS"]
 
-    def test_timescale_parsing_with_special_characters(self):
+    def test_timescale_parsing_with_special_characters(self) -> None:
-        url = "timescale://%23user:%23password@ec2-107-21-253-135.compute-1.amazonaws.com:5431/%23database"
+        url = dj_database_url.parse(
-        url = dj_database_url.parse(url)
+            "timescale://%23user:%23password@ec2-107-21-253-135.compute-1.amazonaws.com:5431/%23database"
+        )
 
         assert url["ENGINE"] == "timescale.db.backends.postgresql"
         assert url["NAME"] == "#database"
@@ -471,9 +530,10 @@ class DatabaseTestSuite(unittest.TestCase):
         assert url["PASSWORD"] == "#password"
         assert url["PORT"] == 5431
 
-    def test_timescalegis_parsing(self):
+    def test_timescalegis_parsing(self) -> None:
-        url = "timescalegis://uf07k1i6d8ia0v:wegauwhgeuioweg@ec2-107-21-253-135.compute-1.amazonaws.com:5431/d8r82722r2kuvn"
+        url = dj_database_url.parse(
-        url = dj_database_url.parse(url)
+            "timescalegis://uf07k1i6d8ia0v:wegauwhgeuioweg@ec2-107-21-253-135.compute-1.amazonaws.com:5431/d8r82722r2kuvn"
+        )
 
         assert url["ENGINE"] == "timescale.db.backends.postgis"
         assert url["NAME"] == "d8r82722r2kuvn"
@@ -482,9 +542,10 @@ class DatabaseTestSuite(unittest.TestCase):
         assert url["PASSWORD"] == "wegauwhgeuioweg"
         assert url["PORT"] == 5431
 
-    def test_timescalegis_unix_socket_parsing(self):
+    def test_timescalegis_unix_socket_parsing(self) -> None:
-        url = "timescalegis://%2Fvar%2Frun%2Fpostgresql/d8r82722r2kuvn"
+        url = dj_database_url.parse(
-        url = dj_database_url.parse(url)
+            "timescalegis://%2Fvar%2Frun%2Fpostgresql/d8r82722r2kuvn"
+        )
 
         assert url["ENGINE"] == "timescale.db.backends.postgis"
         assert url["NAME"] == "d8r82722r2kuvn"
@@ -493,8 +554,9 @@ class DatabaseTestSuite(unittest.TestCase):
         assert url["PASSWORD"] == ""
         assert url["PORT"] == ""
 
-        url = "timescalegis://%2FUsers%2Fpostgres%2FRuN/d8r82722r2kuvn"
+        url = dj_database_url.parse(
-        url = dj_database_url.parse(url)
+            "timescalegis://%2FUsers%2Fpostgres%2FRuN/d8r82722r2kuvn"
+        )
 
         assert url["ENGINE"] == "timescale.db.backends.postgis"
         assert url["HOST"] == "/Users/postgres/RuN"
@@ -502,9 +564,10 @@ class DatabaseTestSuite(unittest.TestCase):
         assert url["PASSWORD"] == ""
         assert url["PORT"] == ""
 
-    def test_timescalegis_ipv6_parsing(self):
+    def test_timescalegis_ipv6_parsing(self) -> None:
-        url = "timescalegis://ieRaekei9wilaim7:wegauwhgeuioweg@[2001:db8:1234::1234:5678:90af]:5431/d8r82722r2kuvn"
+        url = dj_database_url.parse(
-        url = dj_database_url.parse(url)
+            "timescalegis://ieRaekei9wilaim7:wegauwhgeuioweg@[2001:db8:1234::1234:5678:90af]:5431/d8r82722r2kuvn"
+        )
 
         assert url["ENGINE"] == "timescale.db.backends.postgis"
         assert url["NAME"] == "d8r82722r2kuvn"
@@ -513,9 +576,10 @@ class DatabaseTestSuite(unittest.TestCase):
         assert url["PASSWORD"] == "wegauwhgeuioweg"
         assert url["PORT"] == 5431
 
-    def test_timescalegis_search_path_parsing(self):
+    def test_timescalegis_search_path_parsing(self) -> None:
-        url = "timescalegis://uf07k1i6d8ia0v:wegauwhgeuioweg@ec2-107-21-253-135.compute-1.amazonaws.com:5431/d8r82722r2kuvn?currentSchema=otherschema"
+        url = dj_database_url.parse(
-        url = dj_database_url.parse(url)
+            "timescalegis://uf07k1i6d8ia0v:wegauwhgeuioweg@ec2-107-21-253-135.compute-1.amazonaws.com:5431/d8r82722r2kuvn?currentSchema=otherschema"
+        )
         assert url["ENGINE"] == "timescale.db.backends.postgis"
         assert url["NAME"] == "d8r82722r2kuvn"
         assert url["HOST"] == "ec2-107-21-253-135.compute-1.amazonaws.com"
@@ -525,9 +589,10 @@ class DatabaseTestSuite(unittest.TestCase):
         assert url["OPTIONS"]["options"] == "-c search_path=otherschema"
         assert "currentSchema" not in url["OPTIONS"]
 
-    def test_timescalegis_parsing_with_special_characters(self):
+    def test_timescalegis_parsing_with_special_characters(self) -> None:
-        url = "timescalegis://%23user:%23password@ec2-107-21-253-135.compute-1.amazonaws.com:5431/%23database"
+        url = dj_database_url.parse(
-        url = dj_database_url.parse(url)
+            "timescalegis://%23user:%23password@ec2-107-21-253-135.compute-1.amazonaws.com:5431/%23database"
+        )
 
         assert url["ENGINE"] == "timescale.db.backends.postgis"
         assert url["NAME"] == "#database"
@@ -536,7 +601,7 @@ class DatabaseTestSuite(unittest.TestCase):
         assert url["PASSWORD"] == "#password"
         assert url["PORT"] == 5431
 
-    def test_persistent_connection_variables(self):
+    def test_persistent_connection_variables(self) -> None:
         url = dj_database_url.parse(
             "sqlite://myfile.db", conn_max_age=600, conn_health_checks=True
         )
@@ -544,7 +609,7 @@ class DatabaseTestSuite(unittest.TestCase):
         assert url["CONN_MAX_AGE"] == 600
         assert url["CONN_HEALTH_CHECKS"] is True
 
-    def test_sqlite_memory_persistent_connection_variables(self):
+    def test_sqlite_memory_persistent_connection_variables(self) -> None:
         # memory sqlite ignores connection.close(), so persistent connection
         # variables aren’t required
         url = dj_database_url.parse(
@@ -558,13 +623,13 @@ class DatabaseTestSuite(unittest.TestCase):
         os.environ,
         {"DATABASE_URL": "postgres://user:password@instance.amazonaws.com:5431/d8r8?"},
     )
-    def test_persistent_connection_variables_config(self):
+    def test_persistent_connection_variables_config(self) -> None:
         url = dj_database_url.config(conn_max_age=600, conn_health_checks=True)
 
         assert url["CONN_MAX_AGE"] == 600
         assert url["CONN_HEALTH_CHECKS"] is True
 
-    def test_no_env_variable(self):
+    def test_no_env_variable(self) -> None:
         with self.assertLogs() as cm:
             with mock.patch.dict(os.environ, clear=True):
                 url = dj_database_url.config()
@@ -573,24 +638,60 @@ class DatabaseTestSuite(unittest.TestCase):
             'WARNING:root:No DATABASE_URL environment variable set, and so no databases setup'
         ], cm.output
 
-    def test_bad_url_parsing(self):
+    def test_credentials_unquoted__raise_value_error(self) -> None:
-        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, "No support for 'foo'. We support: "):
+        expected_message = (
-            dj_database_url.parse("foo://bar")
+            "This string is not a valid url, possibly because some of its parts "
+            r"is not properly urllib.parse.quote()'ed."
+        )
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, re.escape(expected_message)):
+            dj_database_url.parse("postgres://user:passw#ord!@localhost/foobar")
+
+    def test_credentials_quoted__ok(self) -> None:
+        url = "postgres://user%40domain:p%23ssword!@localhost/foobar"
+        config = dj_database_url.parse(url)
+        assert config["USER"] == "user@domain"
+        assert config["PASSWORD"] == "p#ssword!"
+
+    def test_unknown_scheme__raise_value_error(self) -> None:
+        expected_message = (
+            "Scheme 'unknown-scheme://' is unknown. "
+            "Did you forget to register custom backend? Following schemes have registered backends:"
+        )
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, re.escape(expected_message)):
+            dj_database_url.parse("unknown-scheme://user:password@localhost/foobar")
+
+    def test_register_multiple_times__no_duplicates_in_uses_netloc(self) -> None:
+        # make sure that when register() function is misused,
+        # it won't pollute urllib.parse.uses_netloc list with duplicates.
+        # Otherwise, it might cause performance issue if some code assumes that
+        # that list is short and performs linear search on it.
+        dj_database_url.register("django.contrib.db.backends.bag_end", "bag-end")
+        dj_database_url.register("django.contrib.db.backends.bag_end", "bag-end")
+        assert len(uses_netloc) == len(set(uses_netloc))
 
     @mock.patch.dict(
         os.environ,
         {"DATABASE_URL": "postgres://user:password@instance.amazonaws.com:5431/d8r8?"},
     )
-    def test_ssl_require(self):
+    def test_ssl_require(self) -> None:
         url = dj_database_url.config(ssl_require=True)
         assert url["OPTIONS"] == {'sslmode': 'require'}
 
-    def test_options_int_values(self):
+    def test_options_int_values(self) -> None:
         """Ensure that options with integer values are parsed correctly."""
         url = dj_database_url.parse(
-            "mysql://user:pw@127.0.0.1:15036/db?connect_timout=3"
+            "mysql://user:pw@127.0.0.1:15036/db?connect_timeout=3"
         )
-        assert url["OPTIONS"] == {'connect_timout': 3}
+        assert url["OPTIONS"] == {'connect_timeout': 3}
+
+    @mock.patch.dict(
+        os.environ,
+        {"DATABASE_URL": "postgres://user:password@instance.amazonaws.com:5431/d8r8?"},
+    )
+    def test_server_side_cursors__config(self) -> None:
+        url = dj_database_url.config(disable_server_side_cursors=True)
+
+        assert url["DISABLE_SERVER_SIDE_CURSORS"] is True
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":