2026-04-19 22:50:58 +00:00
51 changed files with 1088 additions and 804 deletions
--- a/.github/dependabot.yml
+++ b/.github/dependabot.yml
@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
 # Keep GitHub Actions up to date with GitHub's Dependabot...
 # https://docs.github.com/en/code-security/dependabot/working-with-dependabot/keeping-your-actions-up-to-date-with-dependabot
 # https://docs.github.com/en/code-security/dependabot/dependabot-version-updates/configuration-options-for-the-dependabot.yml-file#package-ecosystem
 version: 2
 updates:
  - package-ecosystem: github-actions
    directory: /
    groups:
      github-actions:
        patterns:
          - "*"  # Group all Actions updates into a single larger pull request
    schedule:
      interval: weekly
--- a/.github/workflows/release.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/release.yml
@ -1,53 +0,0 @@
 name: Release
 on:
  push:
    tags:
    - '*'
 jobs:
  build:
    if: github.repository == 'jazzband/django-configurations'
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
        with:
          fetch-depth: 0
      - name: Set up Python
        uses: actions/setup-python@v5
        with:
          python-version: 3.x
      - name: Get pip cache dir
        id: pip-cache
        run: |
          echo "dir=$(pip cache dir)" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
      - name: Cache
        uses: actions/cache@v4
        with:
          path: ${{ steps.pip-cache.outputs.dir }}
          key: release-${{ hashFiles('**/setup.py') }}
          restore-keys: |
            release-
      - name: Install dependencies
        run: |
          python -m pip install --upgrade pip
          python -m pip install --upgrade setuptools twine wheel
      - name: Build package
        run: |
          python setup.py --version
          python setup.py sdist --format=gztar bdist_wheel
          twine check dist/*
      - name: Upload packages to Jazzband
        if: github.event_name == 'push' && startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags')
        uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@release/v1
        with:
          user: jazzband
          password: ${{ secrets.JAZZBAND_RELEASE_KEY }}
          repository-url: https://jazzband.co/projects/django-configurations/upload
--- a/.github/workflows/test.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/test.yml
@ -1,57 +0,0 @@
 name: Test
 on:
  pull_request:
  push:
    branches:
      - master
 jobs:
  build:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    strategy:
      fail-fast: false
      max-parallel: 6
      matrix:
        python-version: ['3.9', '3.10', '3.11', '3.12', '3.13', 'pypy-3.10']
    steps:
    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
    - name: Set up Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
      uses: actions/setup-python@v5
      with:
        python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
    - name: Get pip cache dir
      id: pip-cache
      run: |
        echo "dir=$(pip cache dir)" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
    - name: Cache
      uses: actions/cache@v4
      with:
        path: ${{ steps.pip-cache.outputs.dir }}
        key:
          ${{ matrix.python-version }}-v1-${{ hashFiles('**/setup.py') }}
        restore-keys: |
          ${{ matrix.python-version }}-v1-
    - name: Install dependencies
      run: |
        python -m pip install --upgrade pip
        python -m pip install --upgrade "tox<4" "tox-gh-actions<3"
    - name: Tox tests
      run: |
        tox --verbose
    - name: Upload coverage
      uses: codecov/codecov-action@v5
      with:
        name: coverage-data-${{ matrix.python-version }}
        path: ".coverage.*"
        include-hidden-files: true
        merge-multiple: true
        fail_ci_if_error: true
        token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@ -9,4 +9,5 @@ build/
 htmlcov/
 *.pyc
 dist/
 tests/docs/_build/
 .eggs/
--- a/.pre-commit-config.yaml
+++ b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
@ -1 +0,0 @@
 repos: []
--- a/.readthedocs.yaml
+++ b/.readthedocs.yaml
@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
 ---
 version: 2
 build:
  os: ubuntu-22.04
  tools:
    python: "3.10"
 python:
  install:
    - requirements: docs/requirements.txt
    - method: pip
      path: .
 sphinx:
  configuration: docs/conf.py
 formats:
  - epub
  - pdf
--- a/.travis.yml
+++ b/.travis.yml
@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
 language: python
 dist: xenial
 cache: pip
 python:
 - '2.7'
 - '3.5'
 - '3.6'
 - '3.7'
 - '3.8'
 - 'pypy3'
 install: travis_retry pip install tox-travis codecov
 script: tox -v
 after_success: codecov --required -X gcov fix pycov -f coverage.xml --flags ${TOXENV//-/ }
 branches:
  except: templates/1.5.x templates/1.6.x
 stages:
 - test
 - name: deploy
  if: repo = jazzband/django-configurations AND tag IS present
 jobs:
  include:
  - stage: test
  - stage: deploy
    install: skip
    script: skip
    python: 3.7
    env: skip
    deploy:
      provider: pypi
      user: jazzband
      server: https://jazzband.co/projects/django-configurations/upload
      distributions: sdist bdist_wheel
      password:
        secure: LuserSjUTGSsls9zrvck/FbfL+gFpNU/ywOQ/67ufEbbpGCeDBEgxDzgb0acfHNk8wlAkaPvaAejQBFtcUulhdNT/g0NsmaEAjd6HhCGM+FRJAnYFaj33Js6C+N2tX5wznL7uCBxqgtaaH0hf6ucqC8OXqwoCVGgdxAEnUlC/fY=
      on:
        tags: true
        repo: jazzband/django-configurations
--- a/13
+++ b/13
@ -1,22 +1,9 @@
 Arseny Sokolov
 Asif Saif Uddin
 Baptiste Mispelon
 Brian Helba
 Bruno Clermont
 Christoph Krybus
 Finn-Thorben Sell
 Gilles Fabio
 Jannis Leidel
 John Franey
 Marc Abramowitz
 Michael Käufl
 Michael van Tellingen
 Mike Fogel
 Miro Hrončok
 Nicholas Dujay
 Paolo Melchiorre
 Peter Bittner
 Richard de Wit
 Thomas Grainger
 Tim Gates
 Victor Seva
--- a/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md
+++ b/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md
@ -1,46 +0,0 @@
 # Code of Conduct
 As contributors and maintainers of the Jazzband projects, and in the interest of
 fostering an open and welcoming community, we pledge to respect all people who
 contribute through reporting issues, posting feature requests, updating documentation,
 submitting pull requests or patches, and other activities.
 We are committed to making participation in the Jazzband a harassment-free experience
 for everyone, regardless of the level of experience, gender, gender identity and
 expression, sexual orientation, disability, personal appearance, body size, race,
 ethnicity, age, religion, or nationality.
 Examples of unacceptable behavior by participants include:
 - The use of sexualized language or imagery
 - Personal attacks
 - Trolling or insulting/derogatory comments
 - Public or private harassment
 - Publishing other's private information, such as physical or electronic addresses,
  without explicit permission
 - Other unethical or unprofessional conduct
 The Jazzband roadies have the right and responsibility to remove, edit, or reject
 comments, commits, code, wiki edits, issues, and other contributions that are not
 aligned to this Code of Conduct, or to ban temporarily or permanently any contributor
 for other behaviors that they deem inappropriate, threatening, offensive, or harmful.
 By adopting this Code of Conduct, the roadies commit themselves to fairly and
 consistently applying these principles to every aspect of managing the jazzband
 projects. Roadies who do not follow or enforce the Code of Conduct may be permanently
 removed from the Jazzband roadies.
 This code of conduct applies both within project spaces and in public spaces when an
 individual is representing the project or its community.
 Instances of abusive, harassing, or otherwise unacceptable behavior may be reported by
 contacting the roadies at `roadies@jazzband.co`. All complaints will be reviewed and
 investigated and will result in a response that is deemed necessary and appropriate to
 the circumstances. Roadies are obligated to maintain confidentiality with regard to the
 reporter of an incident.
 This Code of Conduct is adapted from the [Contributor Covenant][homepage], version
 1.3.0, available at [https://contributor-covenant.org/version/1/3/0/][version]
 [homepage]: https://contributor-covenant.org
 [version]: https://contributor-covenant.org/version/1/3/0/
--- a/2
+++ b/2
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Copyright (c) 2012-2023, Jannis Leidel and other contributors.
+Copyright (c) 2012-2014, Jannis Leidel and other contributors.
 All rights reserved.
 Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,
--- a/MANIFEST.in
+++ b/MANIFEST.in
@ -1,11 +1,9 @@
 include .pre-commit-config.yaml
 include .readthedocs.yaml
 include AUTHORS
 include CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md
 include CONTRIBUTING.md
 include LICENSE
 include README.rst
 include CONTRIBUTING.md
 include AUTHORS
 include .travis.yml
 include tox.ini
 recursive-include tests *
 recursive-include docs *
 recursive-include test_project *
-recursive-include tests *
+include LICENSE
--- a/README.rst
+++ b/README.rst
@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 django-configurations |latest-version|
 ======================================
-|jazzband| |build-status| |codecov| |docs| |python-support| |django-support|
+|build-status| |codecov| |docs| |python-support| |jazzband|
 django-configurations eases Django project configuration by relying
 on the composability of Python classes. It extends the notion of
@ -11,33 +11,23 @@ object oriented programming patterns.
 Check out the `documentation`_ for more complete examples.
 .. |latest-version| image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/django-configurations.svg
   :target: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/django-configurations
   :alt: Latest version on PyPI
-
+   :target: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/django-configurations
-.. |jazzband| image:: https://jazzband.co/static/img/badge.svg
+.. |build-status| image:: https://img.shields.io/travis/jazzband/django-configurations/master.svg
-   :target: https://jazzband.co/
+   :alt: Build status
-   :alt: Jazzband
+   :target: https://travis-ci.org/jazzband/django-configurations
 .. |build-status| image:: https://github.com/jazzband/django-configurations/workflows/Test/badge.svg
   :target: https://github.com/jazzband/django-configurations/actions
   :alt: Build Status
 .. |codecov| image:: https://codecov.io/github/jazzband/django-configurations/coverage.svg?branch=master
   :alt: Codecov
   :target: https://codecov.io/github/jazzband/django-configurations?branch=master
   :alt: Test coverage status
 .. |docs| image:: https://img.shields.io/readthedocs/django-configurations/latest.svg
   :target: https://readthedocs.org/projects/django-configurations/
   :alt: Documentation status
-
+   :target: https://readthedocs.org/projects/django-configurations/
 .. |python-support| image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/django-configurations.svg
   :target: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/django-configurations
-   :alt: Supported Python versions
+   :alt: Python versions
-
+.. |jazzband| image:: https://jazzband.co/static/img/badge.svg
-.. |django-support| image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/djversions/django-configurations
+   :alt: Jazzband
-   :target: https://pypi.org/project/django-configurations
+   :target: https://jazzband.co/
   :alt: Supported Django versions
 .. _documentation: https://django-configurations.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
 Quickstart
@ -47,13 +37,13 @@ Install django-configurations:
 .. code-block:: console
-    $ python -m pip install django-configurations
+    pip install django-configurations
 or, alternatively, if you want to use URL-based values:
 .. code-block:: console
-    $ python -m pip install django-configurations[cache,database,email,search]
+    pip install django-configurations[cache,database,email,search]
 Then subclass the included ``configurations.Configuration`` class in your
 project's **settings.py** or any other module you're using to store the
@ -73,14 +63,14 @@ you just created, e.g. in bash:
 .. code-block:: console
-    $ export DJANGO_CONFIGURATION=Dev
+    export DJANGO_CONFIGURATION=Dev
 and the ``DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE`` environment variable to the module
 import path as usual, e.g. in bash:
 .. code-block:: console
-    $ export DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE=mysite.settings
+    export DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE=mysite.settings
 *Alternatively* supply the ``--configuration`` option when using Django
 management commands along the lines of Django's default ``--settings``
@ -88,10 +78,10 @@ command line option, e.g.
 .. code-block:: console
-    $ python -m manage runserver --settings=mysite.settings --configuration=Dev
+    python manage.py runserver --settings=mysite.settings --configuration=Dev
 To enable Django to use your configuration you now have to modify your
-**manage.py**, **wsgi.py** or **asgi.py** script to use django-configurations's versions
+**manage.py** or **wsgi.py** script to use django-configurations's versions
 of the appropriate starter functions, e.g. a typical **manage.py** using
 django-configurations would look like this:
@ -130,18 +120,5 @@ The same applies to your **wsgi.py** file, e.g.:
 Here we don't use the default ``django.core.wsgi.get_wsgi_application``
 function but instead ``configurations.wsgi.get_wsgi_application``.
 Or if you are not serving your app via WSGI but ASGI instead, you need to modify your **asgi.py** file too.:
 .. code-block:: python
    import os
    os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'mysite.settings')
    os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_CONFIGURATION', 'Dev')
    from configurations.asgi import get_asgi_application
    application = get_asgi_application()
 That's it! You can now use your project with ``manage.py`` and your favorite
-WSGI/ASGI enabled server.
+WSGI enabled server.
--- a/configurations/main.py
+++ b/configurations/main.py
@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
 """
 invokes django-cadmin when the configurations module is run as a script.
 Example: python -m configurations check
 """
 from .management import execute_from_command_line
 if __name__ == "__main__":
    execute_from_command_line()
--- a/configurations/asgi.py
+++ b/configurations/asgi.py
@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
 from . import importer
 importer.install()
 from django.core.asgi import get_asgi_application  # noqa: E402
 # this is just for the crazy ones
 application = get_asgi_application()
--- a/configurations/base.py
+++ b/configurations/base.py
@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import os
 import re
 import six
 from django.conf import global_settings
 from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured
@ -31,50 +32,19 @@ class ConfigurationBase(type):
        if parents:
            for base in bases[::-1]:
                settings_vars.update(uppercase_attributes(base))
-
+        attrs = dict(settings_vars, **attrs)
-        deprecated_settings = {
+        # Fix ImproperlyConfigured issue introduced in Django
            # DEFAULT_HASHING_ALGORITHM is always deprecated, as it's a
            # transitional setting
            # https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/releases/3.1/#default-hashing-algorithm-settings
            "DEFAULT_HASHING_ALGORITHM",
            # DEFAULT_CONTENT_TYPE and FILE_CHARSET are deprecated in
            # Django 2.2 and are removed in Django 3.0
            "DEFAULT_CONTENT_TYPE",
            "FILE_CHARSET",
            # When DEFAULT_AUTO_FIELD is not explicitly set, Django's emits a
            # system check warning models.W042. This warning should not be
            # suppressed, as downstream users are expected to make a decision.
            # https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/releases/3.2/#customizing-type-of-auto-created-primary-keys
            "DEFAULT_AUTO_FIELD",
            # FORMS_URLFIELD_ASSUME_HTTPS is a transitional setting introduced
            # in Django 5.0.
            # https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.0/releases/5.0/#id2
            "FORMS_URLFIELD_ASSUME_HTTPS"
        }
        # PASSWORD_RESET_TIMEOUT_DAYS is deprecated in favor of
        # PASSWORD_RESET_TIMEOUT in Django 3.1
        # https://github.com/django/django/commit/226ebb17290b604ef29e82fb5c1fbac3594ac163#diff-ec2bed07bb264cb95a80f08d71a47c06R163-R170
-        if "PASSWORD_RESET_TIMEOUT" in settings_vars:
+        if "PASSWORD_RESET_TIMEOUT_DAYS" in attrs and "PASSWORD_RESET_TIMEOUT" in attrs:
-            deprecated_settings.add("PASSWORD_RESET_TIMEOUT_DAYS")
+            attrs.pop("PASSWORD_RESET_TIMEOUT_DAYS")
-        # DEFAULT_FILE_STORAGE and STATICFILES_STORAGE are deprecated
+        return super(ConfigurationBase, cls).__new__(cls, name, bases, attrs)
        # in favor of STORAGES.
        # https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/releases/4.2/#custom-file-storages
        if "STORAGES" in settings_vars:
            deprecated_settings.add("DEFAULT_FILE_STORAGE")
            deprecated_settings.add("STATICFILES_STORAGE")
        for deprecated_setting in deprecated_settings:
            if deprecated_setting in settings_vars:
                del settings_vars[deprecated_setting]
        attrs = {**settings_vars, **attrs}
        return super().__new__(cls, name, bases, attrs)
    def __repr__(self):
-        return "<Configuration '{}.{}'>".format(self.__module__,
+        return "<Configuration '{0}.{1}'>".format(self.__module__,
                                                  self.__name__)
-class Configuration(metaclass=ConfigurationBase):
+class Configuration(six.with_metaclass(ConfigurationBase)):
    """
    The base configuration class to inherit from.
@ -107,10 +77,10 @@ class Configuration(metaclass=ConfigurationBase):
        environment variables from a .env file located in the project root
        or provided directory.
-        https://wellfire.co/learn/easier-12-factor-django/
+        http://www.wellfireinteractive.com/blog/easier-12-factor-django/
        https://gist.github.com/bennylope/2999704
        """
-        # check if the class has DOTENV set whether with a path or None
+        # check if the class has DOTENV set wether with a path or None
        dotenv = getattr(cls, 'DOTENV', None)
        # if DOTENV is falsy we want to disable it
@ -119,12 +89,12 @@ class Configuration(metaclass=ConfigurationBase):
        # now check if we can access the file since we know we really want to
        try:
-            with open(dotenv) as f:
+            with open(dotenv, 'r') as f:
                content = f.read()
-        except OSError as e:
+        except IOError as e:
            raise ImproperlyConfigured("Couldn't read .env file "
                                       "with the path {}. Error: "
-                                       "{}".format(dotenv, e)) from e
+                                       "{}".format(dotenv, e))
        else:
            for line in content.splitlines():
                m1 = re.match(r'\A([A-Za-z_0-9]+)=(.*)\Z', line)
--- a/configurations/importer.py
+++ b/configurations/importer.py
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from importlib.machinery import PathFinder
+import imp
 import logging
 import os
 import sys
@ -46,12 +46,12 @@ def install(check_options=False):
            return parser
        base.BaseCommand.create_parser = create_parser
-        importer = ConfigurationFinder(check_options=check_options)
+        importer = ConfigurationImporter(check_options=check_options)
        sys.meta_path.insert(0, importer)
        installed = True
-class ConfigurationFinder(PathFinder):
+class ConfigurationImporter(object):
    modvar = SETTINGS_ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE
    namevar = CONFIGURATION_ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE
    error_msg = ("Configuration cannot be imported, "
@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ class ConfigurationFinder(PathFinder):
            self.announce()
    def __repr__(self):
-        return "<ConfigurationFinder for '{}.{}'>".format(self.module,
+        return "<ConfigurationImporter for '{0}.{1}'>".format(self.module,
                                                              self.name)
    @property
@ -82,10 +82,16 @@ class ConfigurationFinder(PathFinder):
        return os.environ.get(self.namevar)
    def check_options(self):
-        parser = base.CommandParser(
+        try:
-            usage="%(prog)s subcommand [options] [args]",
+            parser = base.CommandParser(
-            add_help=False,
+                usage="%(prog)s subcommand [options] [args]",
-        )
+                add_help=False)
        except TypeError:
            # Django before 2.1 used a `cmd` argument.
            parser = base.CommandParser(
                None,
                usage="%(prog)s subcommand [options] [args]",
                add_help=False)
        parser.add_argument('--settings')
        parser.add_argument('--pythonpath')
        parser.add_argument(CONFIGURATION_ARGUMENT,
@ -121,60 +127,58 @@ class ConfigurationFinder(PathFinder):
            if (self.argv[1] == 'runserver'
                    and os.environ.get('RUN_MAIN') == 'true'):
-                message = ("django-configurations version {}, using "
+                message = ("django-configurations version {0}, using "
-                           "configuration {}".format(__version__ or "",
+                           "configuration {1}".format(__version__ or "",
                                                      self.name))
                self.logger.debug(stylize(message))
-    def find_spec(self, fullname, path=None, target=None):
+    def find_module(self, fullname, path=None):
        if fullname is not None and fullname == self.module:
-            spec = super().find_spec(fullname, path, target)
+            module = fullname.rsplit('.', 1)[-1]
-            if spec is not None:
+            return ConfigurationLoader(self.name,
-                wrap_loader(spec.loader, self.name)
+                                       imp.find_module(module, path))
-                return spec
+        return None
 class ConfigurationLoader(object):
    def __init__(self, name, location):
        self.name = name
        self.location = location
    def load_module(self, fullname):
        if fullname in sys.modules:
            mod = sys.modules[fullname]  # pragma: no cover
        else:
-            return None
+            mod = imp.load_module(fullname, *self.location)
        cls_path = '{0}.{1}'.format(mod.__name__, self.name)
        try:
            cls = getattr(mod, self.name)
        except AttributeError as err:  # pragma: no cover
            reraise(err, "Couldn't find configuration '{0}' "
                         "in module '{1}'".format(self.name,
                                                  mod.__package__))
        try:
            cls.pre_setup()
            cls.setup()
            obj = cls()
            attributes = uppercase_attributes(obj).items()
            for name, value in attributes:
                if callable(value) and not getattr(value, 'pristine', False):
                    value = value()
                    # in case a method returns a Value instance we have
                    # to do the same as the Configuration.setup method
                    if isinstance(value, Value):
                        setup_value(mod, name, value)
                        continue
                setattr(mod, name, value)
-def wrap_loader(loader, class_name):
+            setattr(mod, 'CONFIGURATION', '{0}.{1}'.format(fullname,
-    class ConfigurationLoader(loader.__class__):
+                                                           self.name))
-        def exec_module(self, module):
+            cls.post_setup()
            super().exec_module(module)
-            mod = module
+        except Exception as err:
            reraise(err, "Couldn't setup configuration '{0}'".format(cls_path))
-            cls_path = f'{mod.__name__}.{class_name}'
+        return mod
            try:
                cls = getattr(mod, class_name)
            except AttributeError as err:  # pragma: no cover
                reraise(
                    err,
                    (
                        f"Couldn't find configuration '{class_name}' in "
                        f"module '{mod.__package__}'"
                    ),
                )
            try:
                cls.pre_setup()
                cls.setup()
                obj = cls()
                attributes = uppercase_attributes(obj).items()
                for name, value in attributes:
                    if callable(value) and not getattr(value, 'pristine', False):
                        value = value()
                        # in case a method returns a Value instance we have
                        # to do the same as the Configuration.setup method
                        if isinstance(value, Value):
                            setup_value(mod, name, value)
                            continue
                    setattr(mod, name, value)
                setattr(mod, 'CONFIGURATION', '{0}.{1}'.format(module.__name__,
                                                               class_name))
                cls.post_setup()
            except Exception as err:
                reraise(err, f"Couldn't setup configuration '{cls_path}'")
    loader.__class__ = ConfigurationLoader
--- a/configurations/utils.py
+++ b/configurations/utils.py
@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 import inspect
 import six
 import sys
 import warnings
 from functools import partial
 from importlib import import_module
 from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured
@ -13,7 +12,8 @@ def isuppercase(name):
 def uppercase_attributes(obj):
-    return {name: getattr(obj, name) for name in dir(obj) if isuppercase(name)}
+    return dict((name, getattr(obj, name))
                for name in filter(isuppercase, dir(obj)))
 def import_by_path(dotted_path, error_prefix=''):
@ -24,26 +24,25 @@ def import_by_path(dotted_path, error_prefix=''):
    Backported from Django 1.6.
    """
    warnings.warn("Function utils.import_by_path is deprecated in favor of "
                  "django.utils.module_loading.import_string.", DeprecationWarning)
    try:
        module_path, class_name = dotted_path.rsplit('.', 1)
    except ValueError:
-        raise ImproperlyConfigured("{}{} doesn't look like "
+        raise ImproperlyConfigured("{0}{1} doesn't look like "
                                   "a module path".format(error_prefix,
                                                          dotted_path))
    try:
        module = import_module(module_path)
    except ImportError as err:
-        msg = '{}Error importing module {}: "{}"'.format(error_prefix,
+        msg = '{0}Error importing module {1}: "{2}"'.format(error_prefix,
                                                            module_path,
                                                            err)
-        raise ImproperlyConfigured(msg).with_traceback(sys.exc_info()[2])
+        six.reraise(ImproperlyConfigured, ImproperlyConfigured(msg),
                    sys.exc_info()[2])
    try:
        attr = getattr(module, class_name)
    except AttributeError:
-        raise ImproperlyConfigured('{}Module "{}" does not define a '
+        raise ImproperlyConfigured('{0}Module "{1}" does not define a '
-                                   '"{}" attribute/class'.format(error_prefix,
+                                   '"{2}" attribute/class'.format(error_prefix,
                                                                  module_path,
                                                                  class_name))
    return attr
@ -61,41 +60,78 @@ def reraise(exc, prefix=None, suffix=None):
        suffix = ''
    elif not (suffix.startswith('(') and suffix.endswith(')')):
        suffix = '(' + suffix + ')'
-    exc.args = (f'{prefix} {args[0]} {suffix}',) + args[1:]
+    exc.args = ('{0} {1} {2}'.format(prefix, args[0], suffix),) + args[1:]
-    raise exc
+    raise
 # Copied over from Sphinx
-def getargspec(func):
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 0):
-    """Like inspect.getargspec but supports functools.partial as well."""
+    from functools import partial
-    if inspect.ismethod(func):
+
-        func = func.__func__
+    def getargspec(func):
-    if type(func) is partial:
+        """Like inspect.getargspec but supports functools.partial as well."""
-        orig_func = func.func
+        if inspect.ismethod(func):
-        argspec = getargspec(orig_func)
+            func = func.__func__
-        args = list(argspec[0])
+        if type(func) is partial:
-        defaults = list(argspec[3] or ())
+            orig_func = func.func
-        kwoargs = list(argspec[4])
+            argspec = getargspec(orig_func)
-        kwodefs = dict(argspec[5] or {})
+            args = list(argspec[0])
-        if func.args:
+            defaults = list(argspec[3] or ())
-            args = args[len(func.args):]
+            kwoargs = list(argspec[4])
-        for arg in func.keywords or ():
+            kwodefs = dict(argspec[5] or {})
-            try:
+            if func.args:
                args = args[len(func.args):]
            for arg in func.keywords or ():
                try:
                    i = args.index(arg) - len(args)
                    del args[i]
                    try:
                        del defaults[i]
                    except IndexError:
                        pass
                except ValueError:   # must be a kwonly arg
                    i = kwoargs.index(arg)
                    del kwoargs[i]
                    del kwodefs[arg]
            return inspect.FullArgSpec(args, argspec[1], argspec[2],
                                       tuple(defaults), kwoargs,
                                       kwodefs, argspec[6])
        while hasattr(func, '__wrapped__'):
            func = func.__wrapped__
        if not inspect.isfunction(func):
            raise TypeError('%r is not a Python function' % func)
        return inspect.getfullargspec(func)
 else:  # 2.6, 2.7
    from functools import partial
    def getargspec(func):
        """Like inspect.getargspec but supports functools.partial as well."""
        if inspect.ismethod(func):
            func = func.im_func
        parts = 0, ()
        if type(func) is partial:
            keywords = func.keywords
            if keywords is None:
                keywords = {}
            parts = len(func.args), keywords.keys()
            func = func.func
        if not inspect.isfunction(func):
            raise TypeError('%r is not a Python function' % func)
        args, varargs, varkw = inspect.getargs(func.func_code)
        func_defaults = func.func_defaults
        if func_defaults is None:
            func_defaults = []
        else:
            func_defaults = list(func_defaults)
        if parts[0]:
            args = args[parts[0]:]
        if parts[1]:
            for arg in parts[1]:
                i = args.index(arg) - len(args)
                del args[i]
                try:
-                    del defaults[i]
+                    del func_defaults[i]
                except IndexError:
                    pass
-            except ValueError:   # must be a kwonly arg
+        return inspect.ArgSpec(args, varargs, varkw, func_defaults)
                i = kwoargs.index(arg)
                del kwoargs[i]
                del kwodefs[arg]
        return inspect.FullArgSpec(args, argspec[1], argspec[2],
                                    tuple(defaults), kwoargs,
                                    kwodefs, argspec[6])
    while hasattr(func, '__wrapped__'):
        func = func.__wrapped__
    if not inspect.isfunction(func):
        raise TypeError('%r is not a Python function' % func)
    return inspect.getfullargspec(func)
--- a/configurations/values.py
+++ b/configurations/values.py
@ -2,13 +2,13 @@ import ast
 import copy
 import decimal
 import os
 import six
 import sys
 from django.core import validators
 from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError, ImproperlyConfigured
 from django.utils.module_loading import import_string
-from .utils import getargspec
+from .utils import import_by_path, getargspec
 def setup_value(target, name, value):
@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ def setup_value(target, name, value):
            setattr(target, multiple_name, multiple_value)
-class Value:
+class Value(object):
    """
    A single settings value that is able to interpret env variables
    and implements a simple validation scheme.
@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ class Value:
        else:
            environ_name = name.upper()
        if self.environ_prefix:
-            environ_name = f'{self.environ_prefix}_{environ_name}'
+            environ_name = '{0}_{1}'.format(self.environ_prefix, environ_name)
        return environ_name
    def setup(self, name):
@ -102,8 +102,8 @@ class Value:
            if full_environ_name in os.environ:
                value = self.to_python(os.environ[full_environ_name])
            elif self.environ_required:
-                raise ValueError('Value {!r} is required to be set as the '
+                raise ValueError('Value {0!r} is required to be set as the '
-                                 'environment variable {!r}'
+                                 'environment variable {1!r}'
                                 .format(name, full_environ_name))
        self.value = value
        return value
@ -112,12 +112,12 @@ class Value:
        """
        Convert the given value of a environment variable into an
        appropriate Python representation of the value.
-        This should be overridden when subclassing.
+        This should be overriden when subclassing.
        """
        return value
-class MultipleMixin:
+class MultipleMixin(object):
    multiple = True
@ -126,9 +126,9 @@ class BooleanValue(Value):
    false_values = ('no', 'n', 'false', '0', '')
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+        super(BooleanValue, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        if self.default not in (True, False):
-            raise ValueError('Default value {!r} is not a '
+            raise ValueError('Default value {0!r} is not a '
                             'boolean value'.format(self.default))
    def to_python(self, value):
@ -139,30 +139,28 @@ class BooleanValue(Value):
            return False
        else:
            raise ValueError('Cannot interpret '
-                             'boolean value {!r}'.format(value))
+                             'boolean value {0!r}'.format(value))
-class CastingMixin:
+class CastingMixin(object):
    exception = (TypeError, ValueError)
    message = 'Cannot interpret value {0!r}'
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+        super(CastingMixin, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
-        if isinstance(self.caster, str):
+        if isinstance(self.caster, six.string_types):
-            try:
+            self._caster = import_by_path(self.caster)
                self._caster = import_string(self.caster)
            except ImportError as err:
                msg = f"Could not import {self.caster!r}"
                raise ImproperlyConfigured(msg) from err
        elif callable(self.caster):
            self._caster = self.caster
        else:
-            error = 'Cannot use caster of {} ({!r})'.format(self,
+            error = 'Cannot use caster of {0} ({1!r})'.format(self,
                                                              self.caster)
            raise ValueError(error)
        try:
            arg_names = getargspec(self._caster)[0]
-            self._params = {name: kwargs[name] for name in arg_names if name in kwargs}
+            self._params = dict((name, kwargs[name])
                                for name in arg_names
                                if name in kwargs)
        except TypeError:
            self._params = {}
@ -183,7 +181,7 @@ class IntegerValue(CastingMixin, Value):
 class PositiveIntegerValue(IntegerValue):
    def to_python(self, value):
-        int_value = super().to_python(value)
+        int_value = super(PositiveIntegerValue, self).to_python(value)
        if int_value < 0:
            raise ValueError(self.message.format(value))
        return int_value
@ -215,7 +213,7 @@ class SequenceValue(Value):
        converter = kwargs.pop('converter', None)
        if converter is not None:
            self.converter = converter
-        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+        super(SequenceValue, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        # make sure the default is the correct sequence type
        if self.default is None:
            self.default = self.sequence_type()
@ -259,7 +257,7 @@ class SingleNestedSequenceValue(SequenceValue):
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        self.seq_separator = kwargs.pop('seq_separator', ';')
-        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+        super(SingleNestedSequenceValue, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
    def _convert(self, items):
        # This could receive either a bare or nested sequence
@ -268,7 +266,8 @@ class SingleNestedSequenceValue(SequenceValue):
                super(SingleNestedSequenceValue, self)._convert(i) for i in items
            ]
            return self.sequence_type(converted_sequences)
-        return self.sequence_type(super()._convert(items))
+        return self.sequence_type(
            super(SingleNestedSequenceValue, self)._convert(items))
    def to_python(self, value):
        split_value = [
@ -294,9 +293,9 @@ class BackendsValue(ListValue):
    def converter(self, value):
        try:
-            import_string(value)
+            import_by_path(value)
-        except ImportError as err:
+        except ImproperlyConfigured as err:
-            raise ValueError(err).with_traceback(sys.exc_info()[2])
+            six.reraise(ValueError, ValueError(err), sys.exc_info()[2])
        return value
@ -304,28 +303,28 @@ class SetValue(ListValue):
    message = 'Cannot interpret set item {0!r} in set {1!r}'
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+        super(SetValue, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        if self.default is None:
            self.default = set()
        else:
            self.default = set(self.default)
    def to_python(self, value):
-        return set(super().to_python(value))
+        return set(super(SetValue, self).to_python(value))
 class DictValue(Value):
    message = 'Cannot interpret dict value {0!r}'
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+        super(DictValue, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        if self.default is None:
            self.default = {}
        else:
            self.default = dict(self.default)
    def to_python(self, value):
-        value = super().to_python(value)
+        value = super(DictValue, self).to_python(value)
        if not value:
            return {}
        try:
@ -337,21 +336,17 @@ class DictValue(Value):
        return evaled_value
-class ValidationMixin:
+class ValidationMixin(object):
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+        super(ValidationMixin, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
-        if isinstance(self.validator, str):
+        if isinstance(self.validator, six.string_types):
-            try:
+            self._validator = import_by_path(self.validator)
                self._validator = import_string(self.validator)
            except ImportError as err:
                msg = f"Could not import {self.validator!r}"
                raise ImproperlyConfigured(msg) from err
        elif callable(self.validator):
            self._validator = self.validator
        else:
            raise ValueError('Cannot use validator of '
-                             '{} ({!r})'.format(self, self.validator))
+                             '{0} ({1!r})'.format(self, self.validator))
        if self.default:
            self.to_python(self.default)
@ -385,19 +380,19 @@ class RegexValue(ValidationMixin, Value):
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        regex = kwargs.pop('regex', None)
        self.validator = validators.RegexValidator(regex=regex)
-        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+        super(RegexValue, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
 class PathValue(Value):
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        self.check_exists = kwargs.pop('check_exists', True)
-        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+        super(PathValue, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
    def setup(self, name):
-        value = super().setup(name)
+        value = super(PathValue, self).setup(name)
        value = os.path.expanduser(value)
        if self.check_exists and not os.path.exists(value):
-            raise ValueError(f'Path {value!r} does not exist.')
+            raise ValueError('Path {0!r} does  not exist.'.format(value))
        return os.path.abspath(value)
@ -406,15 +401,15 @@ class SecretValue(Value):
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        kwargs['environ'] = True
        kwargs['environ_required'] = True
-        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+        super(SecretValue, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        if self.default is not None:
            raise ValueError('Secret values are only allowed to '
                             'be set as environment variables')
    def setup(self, name):
-        value = super().setup(name)
+        value = super(SecretValue, self).setup(name)
        if not value:
-            raise ValueError(f'Secret value {name!r} is not set')
+            raise ValueError('Secret value {0!r} is not set'.format(name))
        return value
@ -427,7 +422,7 @@ class EmailURLValue(CastingMixin, MultipleMixin, Value):
        kwargs.setdefault('environ', True)
        kwargs.setdefault('environ_prefix', None)
        kwargs.setdefault('environ_name', 'EMAIL_URL')
-        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+        super(EmailURLValue, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        if self.default is None:
            self.default = {}
        else:
@ -442,14 +437,14 @@ class DictBackendMixin(Value):
        kwargs.setdefault('environ', True)
        kwargs.setdefault('environ_prefix', None)
        kwargs.setdefault('environ_name', self.environ_name)
-        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+        super(DictBackendMixin, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        if self.default is None:
            self.default = {}
        else:
            self.default = self.to_python(self.default)
    def to_python(self, value):
-        value = super().to_python(value)
+        value = super(DictBackendMixin, self).to_python(value)
        return {self.alias: value}
--- a/configurations/version.py
+++ b/configurations/version.py
@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-from importlib.metadata import PackageNotFoundError, version
+from pkg_resources import get_distribution, DistributionNotFound
 try:
-    __version__ = version("django-configurations")
+    __version__ = get_distribution(__name__).version
-except PackageNotFoundError:
+except DistributionNotFound:
    # package is not installed
    __version__ = None
--- a/configurations/wsgi.py
+++ b/configurations/wsgi.py
@ -2,7 +2,13 @@ from . import importer
 importer.install()
-from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application    # noqa: E402
+try:
    from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application
 except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
    from django.core.handlers.wsgi import WSGIHandler
    def get_wsgi_application():  # noqa
        return WSGIHandler()
 # this is just for the crazy ones
 application = get_wsgi_application()
--- a/docs/Makefile
+++ b/docs/Makefile
@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
 # Makefile for Sphinx documentation
 #
 # You can set these variables from the command line.
 SPHINXOPTS    =
 SPHINXBUILD   = sphinx-build
 PAPER         =
 BUILDDIR      = _build
 # Internal variables.
 PAPEROPT_a4     = -D latex_paper_size=a4
 PAPEROPT_letter = -D latex_paper_size=letter
 ALLSPHINXOPTS   = -d $(BUILDDIR)/doctrees $(PAPEROPT_$(PAPER)) $(SPHINXOPTS) .
 # the i18n builder cannot share the environment and doctrees with the others
 I18NSPHINXOPTS  = $(PAPEROPT_$(PAPER)) $(SPHINXOPTS) .
 .PHONY: help clean html dirhtml singlehtml pickle json htmlhelp qthelp devhelp epub latex latexpdf text man changes linkcheck doctest gettext
 help:
 	@echo "Please use \`make <target>' where <target> is one of"
 	@echo "  html       to make standalone HTML files"
 	@echo "  dirhtml    to make HTML files named index.html in directories"
 	@echo "  singlehtml to make a single large HTML file"
 	@echo "  pickle     to make pickle files"
 	@echo "  json       to make JSON files"
 	@echo "  htmlhelp   to make HTML files and a HTML help project"
 	@echo "  qthelp     to make HTML files and a qthelp project"
 	@echo "  devhelp    to make HTML files and a Devhelp project"
 	@echo "  epub       to make an epub"
 	@echo "  latex      to make LaTeX files, you can set PAPER=a4 or PAPER=letter"
 	@echo "  latexpdf   to make LaTeX files and run them through pdflatex"
 	@echo "  text       to make text files"
 	@echo "  man        to make manual pages"
 	@echo "  texinfo    to make Texinfo files"
 	@echo "  info       to make Texinfo files and run them through makeinfo"
 	@echo "  gettext    to make PO message catalogs"
 	@echo "  changes    to make an overview of all changed/added/deprecated items"
 	@echo "  linkcheck  to check all external links for integrity"
 	@echo "  doctest    to run all doctests embedded in the documentation (if enabled)"
 clean:
 	-rm -rf $(BUILDDIR)/*
 html:
 	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b html $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/html
 	@echo
 	@echo "Build finished. The HTML pages are in $(BUILDDIR)/html."
 dirhtml:
 	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b dirhtml $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/dirhtml
 	@echo
 	@echo "Build finished. The HTML pages are in $(BUILDDIR)/dirhtml."
 singlehtml:
 	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b singlehtml $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/singlehtml
 	@echo
 	@echo "Build finished. The HTML page is in $(BUILDDIR)/singlehtml."
 pickle:
 	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b pickle $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/pickle
 	@echo
 	@echo "Build finished; now you can process the pickle files."
 json:
 	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b json $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/json
 	@echo
 	@echo "Build finished; now you can process the JSON files."
 htmlhelp:
 	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b htmlhelp $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/htmlhelp
 	@echo
 	@echo "Build finished; now you can run HTML Help Workshop with the" \
 	      ".hhp project file in $(BUILDDIR)/htmlhelp."
 qthelp:
 	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b qthelp $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/qthelp
 	@echo
 	@echo "Build finished; now you can run "qcollectiongenerator" with the" \
 	      ".qhcp project file in $(BUILDDIR)/qthelp, like this:"
 	@echo "# qcollectiongenerator $(BUILDDIR)/qthelp/django-configurations.qhcp"
 	@echo "To view the help file:"
 	@echo "# assistant -collectionFile $(BUILDDIR)/qthelp/django-configurations.qhc"
 devhelp:
 	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b devhelp $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/devhelp
 	@echo
 	@echo "Build finished."
 	@echo "To view the help file:"
 	@echo "# mkdir -p $$HOME/.local/share/devhelp/django-configurations"
 	@echo "# ln -s $(BUILDDIR)/devhelp $$HOME/.local/share/devhelp/django-configurations"
 	@echo "# devhelp"
 epub:
 	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b epub $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/epub
 	@echo
 	@echo "Build finished. The epub file is in $(BUILDDIR)/epub."
 latex:
 	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b latex $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/latex
 	@echo
 	@echo "Build finished; the LaTeX files are in $(BUILDDIR)/latex."
 	@echo "Run \`make' in that directory to run these through (pdf)latex" \
 	      "(use \`make latexpdf' here to do that automatically)."
 latexpdf:
 	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b latex $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/latex
 	@echo "Running LaTeX files through pdflatex..."
 	$(MAKE) -C $(BUILDDIR)/latex all-pdf
 	@echo "pdflatex finished; the PDF files are in $(BUILDDIR)/latex."
 text:
 	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b text $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/text
 	@echo
 	@echo "Build finished. The text files are in $(BUILDDIR)/text."
 man:
 	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b man $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/man
 	@echo
 	@echo "Build finished. The manual pages are in $(BUILDDIR)/man."
 texinfo:
 	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b texinfo $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/texinfo
 	@echo
 	@echo "Build finished. The Texinfo files are in $(BUILDDIR)/texinfo."
 	@echo "Run \`make' in that directory to run these through makeinfo" \
 	      "(use \`make info' here to do that automatically)."
 info:
 	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b texinfo $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/texinfo
 	@echo "Running Texinfo files through makeinfo..."
 	make -C $(BUILDDIR)/texinfo info
 	@echo "makeinfo finished; the Info files are in $(BUILDDIR)/texinfo."
 gettext:
 	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b gettext $(I18NSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/locale
 	@echo
 	@echo "Build finished. The message catalogs are in $(BUILDDIR)/locale."
 changes:
 	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b changes $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/changes
 	@echo
 	@echo "The overview file is in $(BUILDDIR)/changes."
 linkcheck:
 	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b linkcheck $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/linkcheck
 	@echo
 	@echo "Link check complete; look for any errors in the above output " \
 	      "or in $(BUILDDIR)/linkcheck/output.txt."
 doctest:
 	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b doctest $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/doctest
 	@echo "Testing of doctests in the sources finished, look at the " \
 	      "results in $(BUILDDIR)/doctest/output.txt."
--- a/docs/changes.rst
+++ b/docs/changes.rst
@ -3,92 +3,6 @@
 Changelog
 ---------
 Unreleased
 ^^^^^^^^^^
 - Prevent warning about ``FORMS_URLFIELD_ASSUME_HTTPS`` on Django 5.0.
 v2.5.1 (2023-11-30)
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 - Add compatibility with Python 3.12
 v2.5 (2023-10-20)
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 - Update Github actions and fix pipeline warnings
 - Add compatibility with Django 5.0
 - **BACKWARD INCOMPATIBLE** Drop compatibility for Django 4.0
 - **BACKWARD INCOMPATIBLE** Drop compatibility for Python 3.7 and PyPy < 3.10
 v2.4.2 (2023-09-27)
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 - Replace imp (due for removal in Python 3.12) with importlib
 - Test on PyPy 3.10.
 v2.4.1 (2023-04-04)
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 - Use furo as documentation theme 
 - Add compatibility with Django 4.2 - fix "STATICFILES_STORAGE/STORAGES are mutually exclusive" error.
 - Test Django 4.1.3+ on Python 3.11
 v2.4 (2022-08-24)
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 - Add compatibility with Django 4.1
 - **BACKWARD INCOMPATIBLE** Drop compatibility for Django < 3.2
 - **BACKWARD INCOMPATIBLE** Drop compatibility for Python 3.6
 v2.3.2 (2022-01-25)
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 - Add compatibility with Django 4.0
 - Fix regression where settings receiving a default were ignored. #323 #327
 v2.3.1 (2021-11-08)
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 - Test Django 3.2 on Python 3.10 as well.
 - Test on PyPy 3.6, 3.7 and 3.8.
 - Enforce Python version requirement during installation (>=3.6).
 - Fix and refactor the documentation build process.
 v2.3 (2021-10-27)
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 - **BACKWARD INCOMPATIBLE** Drop support for Python 2.7 and 3.5.
 - **BACKWARD INCOMPATIBLE** Drop support for Django < 2.2.
 - Add support for Django 3.1 and 3.2.
 - Add suppport for Python 3.9 and 3.10.
 - Deprecate ``utils.import_by_path`` in favor of
  ``django.utils.module_loading.import_string``.
 - Add ASGI support.
 - Added "python -m configurations" entry point.
 - Make package ``install_requires`` include ``django>=2.2``.
 - Prevent an ImproperlyConfigured warning from ``DEFAULT_HASHING_ALGORITHM``.
 - Prevent warnings for settings deprecated in Django 2.2
  (``DEFAULT_CONTENT_TYPE`` and ``FILE_CHARSET``).
 - Preserve Django warnings when ``DEFAULT_AUTO_FIELD`` is not set.
 - Miscellaneous documentation fixes.
 - Miscellaneous internal improvements.
 v2.2 (2019-12-03)
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
--- a/docs/conf.py
+++ b/docs/conf.py
@ -1,44 +1,299 @@
-import configurations
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 #
 # django-configurations documentation build configuration file, created by
 # sphinx-quickstart on Sat Jul 21 15:03:23 2012.
 #
 # This file is execfile()d with the current directory set to its containing dir.
 #
 # Note that not all possible configuration values are present in this
 # autogenerated file.
 #
 # All configuration values have a default; values that are commented out
 # serve to show the default.
-# -- Project information -----------------------------------------------------
+import sys
-project = 'django-configurations'
+import os
 copyright = '2012-2023, Jannis Leidel and other contributors'
 author = 'Jannis Leidel and other contributors'
-release = configurations.__version__
+from pkg_resources import get_distribution
 # If extensions (or modules to document with autodoc) are in another directory,
 # add these directories to sys.path here. If the directory is relative to the
 # documentation root, use os.path.abspath to make it absolute, like shown here.
 sys.path.insert(0, os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), os.pardir))
 # -- General configuration -----------------------------------------------------
 # If your documentation needs a minimal Sphinx version, state it here.
 #needs_sphinx = '1.0'
 # Add any Sphinx extension module names here, as strings. They can be extensions
 # coming with Sphinx (named 'sphinx.ext.*') or your custom ones.
 extensions = ['sphinx.ext.autodoc', 'sphinx.ext.intersphinx', 'sphinx.ext.viewcode']
 # Add any paths that contain templates here, relative to this directory.
 templates_path = ['_templates']
 # The suffix of source filenames.
 source_suffix = '.rst'
 # The encoding of source files.
 #source_encoding = 'utf-8-sig'
 # The master toctree document.
 master_doc = 'index'
 # General information about the project.
 project = u'django-configurations'
 copyright = u'2012-2014, Jannis Leidel and other contributors'
 # The version info for the project you're documenting, acts as replacement for
 # |version| and |release|, also used in various other places throughout the
 # built documents.
 #
 # The full version, including alpha/beta/rc tags.
 release = get_distribution("django-configurations").version
 # The short X.Y version.
 version = ".".join(release.split(".")[:2])
-# -- General configuration ---------------------------------------------------
+# The language for content autogenerated by Sphinx. Refer to documentation
-add_function_parentheses = False
+# for a list of supported languages.
-add_module_names = False
+#language = None
-extensions = [
+# There are two options for replacing |today|: either, you set today to some
-    'sphinx.ext.autodoc',
+# non-false value, then it is used:
-    'sphinx.ext.intersphinx',
+#today = ''
-    'sphinx.ext.viewcode',
+# Else, today_fmt is used as the format for a strftime call.
-]
+#today_fmt = '%B %d, %Y'
-exclude_patterns = ['_build', 'Thumbs.db', '.DS_Store']
+# List of patterns, relative to source directory, that match files and
 # directories to ignore when looking for source files.
 exclude_patterns = ['_build']
-intersphinx_mapping = {
+# The reST default role (used for this markup: `text`) to use for all documents.
-    'python': ('https://docs.python.org/3', None),
+#default_role = None
    'sphinx': ('https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master', None),
    'django': ('https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev',
               'https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/_objects/'),
 }
-# -- Options for HTML output -------------------------------------------------
+# If true, '()' will be appended to :func: etc. cross-reference text.
-html_theme = 'furo'
+#add_function_parentheses = True
 # If true, the current module name will be prepended to all description
 # unit titles (such as .. function::).
 #add_module_names = True
 # If true, sectionauthor and moduleauthor directives will be shown in the
 # output. They are ignored by default.
 #show_authors = False
 # The name of the Pygments (syntax highlighting) style to use.
 pygments_style = 'sphinx'
 # A list of ignored prefixes for module index sorting.
 #modindex_common_prefix = []
 # -- Options for HTML output ---------------------------------------------------
 # The theme to use for HTML and HTML Help pages.  See the documentation for
 # a list of builtin themes.
 html_theme = 'default'
 # Theme options are theme-specific and customize the look and feel of a theme
 # further.  For a list of options available for each theme, see the
 # documentation.
 #html_theme_options = {}
 # Add any paths that contain custom themes here, relative to this directory.
 #html_theme_path = []
 # The name for this set of Sphinx documents.  If None, it defaults to
 # "<project> v<release> documentation".
 #html_title = None
 # A shorter title for the navigation bar.  Default is the same as html_title.
 #html_short_title = None
 # The name of an image file (relative to this directory) to place at the top
 # of the sidebar.
 #html_logo = None
 # The name of an image file (within the static path) to use as favicon of the
 # docs.  This file should be a Windows icon file (.ico) being 16x16 or 32x32
 # pixels large.
 #html_favicon = None
 # Add any paths that contain custom static files (such as style sheets) here,
 # relative to this directory. They are copied after the builtin static files,
 # so a file named "default.css" will overwrite the builtin "default.css".
 # html_static_path = ['_static']
 # If not '', a 'Last updated on:' timestamp is inserted at every page bottom,
 # using the given strftime format.
 #html_last_updated_fmt = '%b %d, %Y'
 # If true, SmartyPants will be used to convert quotes and dashes to
 # typographically correct entities.
 #html_use_smartypants = True
 # Custom sidebar templates, maps document names to template names.
 #html_sidebars = {}
 # Additional templates that should be rendered to pages, maps page names to
 # template names.
 #html_additional_pages = {}
 # If false, no module index is generated.
 #html_domain_indices = True
 # If false, no index is generated.
 #html_use_index = True
 # If true, the index is split into individual pages for each letter.
 #html_split_index = False
 # If true, links to the reST sources are added to the pages.
 #html_show_sourcelink = True
 # If true, "Created using Sphinx" is shown in the HTML footer. Default is True.
 #html_show_sphinx = True
 # If true, "(C) Copyright ..." is shown in the HTML footer. Default is True.
 #html_show_copyright = True
 # If true, an OpenSearch description file will be output, and all pages will
 # contain a <link> tag referring to it.  The value of this option must be the
 # base URL from which the finished HTML is served.
 #html_use_opensearch = ''
 # This is the file name suffix for HTML files (e.g. ".xhtml").
 #html_file_suffix = None
 # Output file base name for HTML help builder.
 htmlhelp_basename = 'django-configurationsdoc'
 # -- Options for Epub output ---------------------------------------------------
 epub_title = project
 epub_author = author
 epub_publisher = author
 epub_copyright = copyright
 # -- Options for LaTeX output --------------------------------------------------
 latex_elements = {
 # The paper size ('letterpaper' or 'a4paper').
 #'papersize': 'letterpaper',
 # The font size ('10pt', '11pt' or '12pt').
 #'pointsize': '10pt',
 # Additional stuff for the LaTeX preamble.
 #'preamble': '',
 }
 # Grouping the document tree into LaTeX files. List of tuples
 # (source start file, target name, title, author, documentclass [howto/manual]).
 latex_documents = [
-    # (source start file, target name, title, author, documentclass)
+  ('index', 'django-configurations.tex', u'django-configurations Documentation',
-    ('index', 'django-configurations.tex',
+   u'Jannis Leidel', 'manual'),
     'django-configurations Documentation', author, 'manual'),
 ]
 # The name of an image file (relative to this directory) to place at the top of
 # the title page.
 #latex_logo = None
 # For "manual" documents, if this is true, then toplevel headings are parts,
 # not chapters.
 #latex_use_parts = False
 # If true, show page references after internal links.
 #latex_show_pagerefs = False
 # If true, show URL addresses after external links.
 #latex_show_urls = False
 # Documents to append as an appendix to all manuals.
 #latex_appendices = []
 # If false, no module index is generated.
 #latex_domain_indices = True
 # -- Options for manual page output --------------------------------------------
 # One entry per manual page. List of tuples
 # (source start file, name, description, authors, manual section).
 man_pages = [
    ('index', 'django-configurations', u'django-configurations Documentation',
     [u'Jannis Leidel'], 1)
 ]
 # If true, show URL addresses after external links.
 #man_show_urls = False
 # -- Options for Texinfo output ------------------------------------------------
 # Grouping the document tree into Texinfo files. List of tuples
 # (source start file, target name, title, author,
 #  dir menu entry, description, category)
 texinfo_documents = [
  ('index', 'django-configurations', u'django-configurations Documentation',
   u'Jannis Leidel', 'django-configurations', 'One line description of project.',
   'Miscellaneous'),
 ]
 # Documents to append as an appendix to all manuals.
 #texinfo_appendices = []
 # If false, no module index is generated.
 #texinfo_domain_indices = True
 # How to display URL addresses: 'footnote', 'no', or 'inline'.
 #texinfo_show_urls = 'footnote'
 # -- Options for Epub output ---------------------------------------------------
 # Bibliographic Dublin Core info.
 epub_title = u'django-configurations'
 epub_author = u'Jannis Leidel'
 epub_publisher = u'Jannis Leidel'
 epub_copyright = u'2012, Jannis Leidel'
 # The language of the text. It defaults to the language option
 # or en if the language is not set.
 #epub_language = ''
 # The scheme of the identifier. Typical schemes are ISBN or URL.
 #epub_scheme = ''
 # The unique identifier of the text. This can be a ISBN number
 # or the project homepage.
 #epub_identifier = ''
 # A unique identification for the text.
 #epub_uid = ''
 # A tuple containing the cover image and cover page html template filenames.
 #epub_cover = ()
 # HTML files that should be inserted before the pages created by sphinx.
 # The format is a list of tuples containing the path and title.
 #epub_pre_files = []
 # HTML files shat should be inserted after the pages created by sphinx.
 # The format is a list of tuples containing the path and title.
 #epub_post_files = []
 # A list of files that should not be packed into the epub file.
 #epub_exclude_files = []
 # The depth of the table of contents in toc.ncx.
 #epub_tocdepth = 3
 # Allow duplicate toc entries.
 #epub_tocdup = True
 # Example configuration for intersphinx: refer to the Python standard library.
 intersphinx_mapping = {
    'python': ('http://docs.python.org/2.7', None),
    'sphinx': ('http://sphinx.pocoo.org/', None),
    'django': ('http://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/',
               'http://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/_objects/'),
 }
 add_function_parentheses = add_module_names = False
--- a/docs/cookbook.rst
+++ b/docs/cookbook.rst
@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ Example:
 .. code-block:: console
-    $ tree --noreport mysite_env/
+    $ tree mysite_env/
    mysite_env/
    ├── DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE
    ├── DJANGO_DEBUG
@ -82,8 +82,10 @@ Example:
    ├── DJANGO_CACHE_URL
    └── PYTHONSTARTUP
    0 directories, 3 files
    $ cat mysite_env/DJANGO_CACHE_URL
    redis://user@host:port/1
    $
 Then, to enable the ``mysite_env`` environment variables, simply use the
 ``envdir`` command line tool as a prefix for your program, e.g.:
@ -149,13 +151,13 @@ First install Django 1.8.x and django-configurations:
 .. code-block:: console
-    $ python -m pip install -r https://raw.github.com/jazzband/django-configurations/templates/1.8.x/requirements.txt
+    $ pip install -r https://raw.github.com/jazzband/django-configurations/templates/1.8.x/requirements.txt
 Or Django 1.8:
 .. code-block:: console
-    $ python -m django startproject mysite -v2 --template https://github.com/jazzband/django-configurations/archive/templates/1.8.x.zip
+    $ django-admin.py startproject mysite -v2 --template https://github.com/jazzband/django-configurations/archive/templates/1.8.x.zip
 Now you have a default Django 1.8.x project in the ``mysite``
 directory that uses django-configurations.
@ -180,7 +182,7 @@ probably just add the following to the **beginning** of your settings module:
    import configurations
    configurations.setup()
-That has the same effect as using the ``manage.py``, ``wsgi.py`` or ``asgi.py`` utilities.
+That has the same effect as using the ``manage.py`` or ``wsgi.py`` utilities.
 This will also call ``django.setup()``.
 >= 3.1
@ -330,8 +332,8 @@ Channels
 --------
 If you want to deploy a project that uses the Django channels with
-`Daphne <http://github.com/django/daphne/>`_ as the
+`Daphne <http://github.com/django/daphne/>` as the
-`interface server <http://channels.readthedocs.io/en/latest/deploying.html#run-interface-servers>`_
+`interface server <http://channels.readthedocs.io/en/latest/deploying.html#run-interface-servers>`
 you have to use a asgi.py script similar to the following:
 .. code-block:: python
--- a/docs/index.rst
+++ b/docs/index.rst
@ -93,6 +93,6 @@ Bugs and feature requests
 As always your mileage may vary, so please don't hesitate to send feature
 requests and bug reports:
- https://github.com/jazzband/django-configurations/issues
+    https://github.com/jazzband/django-configurations/issues
 Thanks!
--- a/docs/make.bat
+++ b/docs/make.bat
@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
@ECHO OFF
 REM Command file for Sphinx documentation
 if "%SPHINXBUILD%" == "" (
 	set SPHINXBUILD=sphinx-build
 )
 set BUILDDIR=_build
 set ALLSPHINXOPTS=-d %BUILDDIR%/doctrees %SPHINXOPTS% .
 set I18NSPHINXOPTS=%SPHINXOPTS% .
 if NOT "%PAPER%" == "" (
 	set ALLSPHINXOPTS=-D latex_paper_size=%PAPER% %ALLSPHINXOPTS%
 	set I18NSPHINXOPTS=-D latex_paper_size=%PAPER% %I18NSPHINXOPTS%
 )
 if "%1" == "" goto help
 if "%1" == "help" (
 	:help
 	echo.Please use `make ^<target^>` where ^<target^> is one of
 	echo.  html       to make standalone HTML files
 	echo.  dirhtml    to make HTML files named index.html in directories
 	echo.  singlehtml to make a single large HTML file
 	echo.  pickle     to make pickle files
 	echo.  json       to make JSON files
 	echo.  htmlhelp   to make HTML files and a HTML help project
 	echo.  qthelp     to make HTML files and a qthelp project
 	echo.  devhelp    to make HTML files and a Devhelp project
 	echo.  epub       to make an epub
 	echo.  latex      to make LaTeX files, you can set PAPER=a4 or PAPER=letter
 	echo.  text       to make text files
 	echo.  man        to make manual pages
 	echo.  texinfo    to make Texinfo files
 	echo.  gettext    to make PO message catalogs
 	echo.  changes    to make an overview over all changed/added/deprecated items
 	echo.  linkcheck  to check all external links for integrity
 	echo.  doctest    to run all doctests embedded in the documentation if enabled
 	goto end
 )
 if "%1" == "clean" (
 	for /d %%i in (%BUILDDIR%\*) do rmdir /q /s %%i
 	del /q /s %BUILDDIR%\*
 	goto end
 )
 if "%1" == "html" (
 	%SPHINXBUILD% -b html %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/html
 	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
 	echo.
 	echo.Build finished. The HTML pages are in %BUILDDIR%/html.
 	goto end
 )
 if "%1" == "dirhtml" (
 	%SPHINXBUILD% -b dirhtml %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/dirhtml
 	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
 	echo.
 	echo.Build finished. The HTML pages are in %BUILDDIR%/dirhtml.
 	goto end
 )
 if "%1" == "singlehtml" (
 	%SPHINXBUILD% -b singlehtml %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/singlehtml
 	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
 	echo.
 	echo.Build finished. The HTML pages are in %BUILDDIR%/singlehtml.
 	goto end
 )
 if "%1" == "pickle" (
 	%SPHINXBUILD% -b pickle %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/pickle
 	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
 	echo.
 	echo.Build finished; now you can process the pickle files.
 	goto end
 )
 if "%1" == "json" (
 	%SPHINXBUILD% -b json %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/json
 	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
 	echo.
 	echo.Build finished; now you can process the JSON files.
 	goto end
 )
 if "%1" == "htmlhelp" (
 	%SPHINXBUILD% -b htmlhelp %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/htmlhelp
 	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
 	echo.
 	echo.Build finished; now you can run HTML Help Workshop with the ^
 .hhp project file in %BUILDDIR%/htmlhelp.
 	goto end
 )
 if "%1" == "qthelp" (
 	%SPHINXBUILD% -b qthelp %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/qthelp
 	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
 	echo.
 	echo.Build finished; now you can run "qcollectiongenerator" with the ^
 .qhcp project file in %BUILDDIR%/qthelp, like this:
 	echo.^> qcollectiongenerator %BUILDDIR%\qthelp\django-configurations.qhcp
 	echo.To view the help file:
 	echo.^> assistant -collectionFile %BUILDDIR%\qthelp\django-configurations.ghc
 	goto end
 )
 if "%1" == "devhelp" (
 	%SPHINXBUILD% -b devhelp %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/devhelp
 	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
 	echo.
 	echo.Build finished.
 	goto end
 )
 if "%1" == "epub" (
 	%SPHINXBUILD% -b epub %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/epub
 	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
 	echo.
 	echo.Build finished. The epub file is in %BUILDDIR%/epub.
 	goto end
 )
 if "%1" == "latex" (
 	%SPHINXBUILD% -b latex %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/latex
 	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
 	echo.
 	echo.Build finished; the LaTeX files are in %BUILDDIR%/latex.
 	goto end
 )
 if "%1" == "text" (
 	%SPHINXBUILD% -b text %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/text
 	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
 	echo.
 	echo.Build finished. The text files are in %BUILDDIR%/text.
 	goto end
 )
 if "%1" == "man" (
 	%SPHINXBUILD% -b man %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/man
 	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
 	echo.
 	echo.Build finished. The manual pages are in %BUILDDIR%/man.
 	goto end
 )
 if "%1" == "texinfo" (
 	%SPHINXBUILD% -b texinfo %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/texinfo
 	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
 	echo.
 	echo.Build finished. The Texinfo files are in %BUILDDIR%/texinfo.
 	goto end
 )
 if "%1" == "gettext" (
 	%SPHINXBUILD% -b gettext %I18NSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/locale
 	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
 	echo.
 	echo.Build finished. The message catalogs are in %BUILDDIR%/locale.
 	goto end
 )
 if "%1" == "changes" (
 	%SPHINXBUILD% -b changes %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/changes
 	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
 	echo.
 	echo.The overview file is in %BUILDDIR%/changes.
 	goto end
 )
 if "%1" == "linkcheck" (
 	%SPHINXBUILD% -b linkcheck %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/linkcheck
 	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
 	echo.
 	echo.Link check complete; look for any errors in the above output ^
 or in %BUILDDIR%/linkcheck/output.txt.
 	goto end
 )
 if "%1" == "doctest" (
 	%SPHINXBUILD% -b doctest %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/doctest
 	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
 	echo.
 	echo.Testing of doctests in the sources finished, look at the ^
 results in %BUILDDIR%/doctest/output.txt.
 	goto end
 )
 :end
--- a/docs/patterns.rst
+++ b/docs/patterns.rst
@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ Usage patterns
 There are various configuration patterns that can be implemented with
 django-configurations. The most common pattern is to have a base class
-and various subclasses based on the environment they are supposed to be
+and various subclasses based on the enviroment they are supposed to be
 used in, e.g. in production, staging and development.
 Server specific settings
@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ file:
    class Dev(Base):
        DEBUG = True
        TEMPLATE_DEBUG = DEBUG
    class Prod(Base):
        TIME_ZONE = 'America/New_York'
@ -31,9 +32,9 @@ it should be ``Prod``. In Bash that would be:
 .. code-block:: console
-    $ export DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE=mysite.settings
+    export DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE=mysite.settings
-    $ export DJANGO_CONFIGURATION=Prod
+    export DJANGO_CONFIGURATION=Prod
-    $ python -m manage runserver
+    python manage.py runserver
 Alternatively you can use the ``--configuration`` option when using Django
 management commands along the lines of Django's default ``--settings``
@ -41,7 +42,7 @@ command line option, e.g.
 .. code-block:: console
-    $ python -m manage runserver --settings=mysite.settings --configuration=Prod
+    python manage.py runserver --settings=mysite.settings --configuration=Prod
 Property settings
 -----------------
@ -90,7 +91,7 @@ a few mixin you re-use multiple times:
 .. code-block:: python
-    class FullPageCaching:
+    class FullPageCaching(object):
        USE_ETAGS = True
 Then import that mixin class in your site settings module and use it with
--- a/docs/requirements.txt
+++ b/docs/requirements.txt
@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
 Sphinx>4
 furo
 docutils
--- a/docs/values.rst
+++ b/docs/values.rst
@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ value:
    class Dev(Configuration):
        DEBUG = values.BooleanValue(True)
-        DEBUG_PROPAGATE_EXCEPTIONS = values.BooleanValue(DEBUG)
+        TEMPLATE_DEBUG = values.BooleanValue(DEBUG)
 See the list of :ref:`built-in value classes<built-ins>` for more information.
@ -86,11 +86,9 @@ prefixed with ``DJANGO_``. E.g.:
 django-configurations will try to read the ``DJANGO_ROOT_URLCONF`` environment
 variable when deciding which value the ``ROOT_URLCONF`` setting should have.
 When you run the web server simply specify that environment variable
-(e.g. in your init script):
+(e.g. in your init script)::
-.. code-block:: console
+    DJANGO_ROOT_URLCONF=mysite.debugging_urls gunicorn mysite.wsgi:application
    $ DJANGO_ROOT_URLCONF=mysite.debugging_urls gunicorn mysite.wsgi:application
 If the environment variable can't be found it'll use the default
 ``'mysite.urls'``.
@ -127,9 +125,7 @@ Allow final value to be used outside the configuration context
 You may use the ``environ_name`` parameter to allow a :class:`~Value` to be
 directly converted to its final value for use outside of the configuration
-context:
+context::
 .. code-block:: pycon
    >>> type(values.Value([]))
    <class 'configurations.values.Value'>
@ -164,12 +160,12 @@ the prefix.
   :param default: the default value of the setting
   :param environ: toggle for environment use
-   :param environ_name: capitalized name of environment variable to look for
+   :param environ_name: name of environment variable to look for
-   :param environ_prefix: capitalized prefix to use when looking for environment variable
+   :param environ_prefix: prefix to use when looking for environment variable
-   :param environ_required: whether or not the value is required to be set as an environment variable
+   :param environ_required: wheter or not the value is required to be set as an environment variable
   :type environ: bool
-   :type environ_name: str or None
+   :type environ_name: capitalized string or None
-   :type environ_prefix: str
+   :type environ_prefix: capitalized string
   :type environ_required: bool
   The ``default`` parameter is effectively the value the setting has
@ -260,10 +256,6 @@ Type values
        MYSITE_CONVERSION_RATE = values.DecimalValue(decimal.Decimal('4.56214'))
 .. class:: SequenceValue
   Common base class for sequence values.
 .. class:: ListValue(default, [separator=',', converter=None])
    A :class:`~SequenceValue` subclass that handles list values.
@ -287,21 +279,17 @@ Type values
        MONTY_PYTHONS = ListValue(['John Cleese', 'Eric Idle'],
                                  converter=check_monty_python)
-    You can override this list with an environment variable like this:
+    You can override this list with an environment variable like this::
-.. code-block:: console
+        DJANGO_MONTY_PYTHONS="Terry Jones,Graham Chapman" gunicorn mysite.wsgi:application
        $ DJANGO_MONTY_PYTHONS="Terry Jones,Graham Chapman" gunicorn mysite.wsgi:application
    Use a custom separator::
        EMERGENCY_EMAILS = ListValue(['admin@mysite.net'], separator=';')
-    And override it:
+    And override it::
-.. code-block:: console
+        DJANGO_EMERGENCY_EMAILS="admin@mysite.net;manager@mysite.org;support@mysite.com" gunicorn mysite.wsgi:application
        $ DJANGO_EMERGENCY_EMAILS="admin@mysite.net;manager@mysite.org;support@mysite.com" gunicorn mysite.wsgi:application
 .. class:: TupleValue
@ -313,10 +301,6 @@ Type values
    See the :class:`~ListValue` examples above.
 .. class:: SingleNestedSequenceValue
   Common base class for nested sequence values.
 .. class:: SingleNestedTupleValue(default, [seq_separator=';', separator=',', converter=None])
    A :class:`~SingleNestedSequenceValue` subclass that handles single nested tuple values,
@ -370,10 +354,6 @@ Type values
            'it': ['Mike', 'Joe'],
        })
    Override using environment variables like this::
        DJANGO_DEPARTMENTS={'it':['Mike','Joe'],'hr':['Emma','Olivia']}
 Validator values
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
@ -567,7 +547,7 @@ Other values
    ::
-        MIDDLEWARE = values.BackendsValue([
+        MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = values.BackendsValue([
            'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
            'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
            'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
@ -604,7 +584,7 @@ Value mixins
    requires a ``caster`` class attribute of one of the following types:
    - dotted import path, e.g. ``'mysite.utils.custom_caster'``
-    - a callable, e.g. :class:`int`
+    - a callable, e.g. :func:`int`
    Example::
@ -625,7 +605,7 @@ Value mixins
    validation attempt.
    - dotted import path, e.g. ``'mysite.validators.custom_validator'``
-    - a callable, e.g. :class:`bool`
+    - a callable, e.g. :func:`bool`
    Example::
--- a/setup.cfg
+++ b/setup.cfg
@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
 [wheel]
 universal = 1
 [coverage:run]
 source = .
 branch = 1
--- a/setup.py
+++ b/setup.py
@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
 from __future__ import print_function
 import os
 import codecs
 from setuptools import setup
@ -14,9 +15,6 @@ setup(
    use_scm_version={"version_scheme": "post-release", "local_scheme": "dirty-tag"},
    setup_requires=["setuptools_scm"],
    url='https://django-configurations.readthedocs.io/',
    project_urls={
        'Source': 'https://github.com/jazzband/django-configurations',
    },
    license='BSD',
    description="A helper for organizing Django settings.",
    long_description=read('README.rst'),
@ -29,41 +27,34 @@ setup(
            'django-cadmin = configurations.management:execute_from_command_line',
        ],
    },
-    install_requires=[
+    install_requires=['six'],
        'django>=3.2',
    ],
    python_requires='>=3.9, <4.0',
    extras_require={
        'cache': ['django-cache-url'],
        'database': ['dj-database-url'],
        'email': ['dj-email-url'],
        'search': ['dj-search-url'],
        'testing': [
            'django-discover-runner',
            'mock',
            'django-cache-url>=1.0.0',
            'dj-database-url',
            'dj-email-url',
            'dj-search-url',
            'Sphinx>=1.4',
        ],
    },
    classifiers=[
        'Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable',
        'Framework :: Django',
        'Framework :: Django :: 3.2',
        'Framework :: Django :: 4.1',
        'Framework :: Django :: 4.2',
        'Framework :: Django :: 5.0',
        'Framework :: Django :: 5.1',
        'Intended Audience :: Developers',
        'License :: OSI Approved :: BSD License',
        'Operating System :: OS Independent',
        'Programming Language :: Python',
-        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3',
+        'Programming Language :: Python :: 2.7',
-        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only',
+        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.5',
-        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9',
+        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.6',
-        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10',
+        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7',
-        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11',
+        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8',
        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12',
        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13',
        'Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: PyPy',
        'Topic :: Utilities',
    ],
--- a/test_project/test_project/settings.py
+++ b/test_project/test_project/settings.py
@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ class Base(Configuration):
    # Django settings for test_project project.
    DEBUG = values.BooleanValue(True, environ=True)
    TEMPLATE_DEBUG = DEBUG
    ADMINS = (
        # ('Your Name', 'your_email@example.com'),
@ -94,7 +95,7 @@ class Base(Configuration):
        'django.template.loaders.app_directories.Loader',
    )
-    MIDDLEWARE = (
+    MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = (
        'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
        'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
        'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
--- a/tests/docs/conf.py
+++ b/tests/docs/conf.py
@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 import os
 import sys
 sys.path.insert(0, os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), os.pardir))
 # setup Django
 os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "settings.main")
 os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_CONFIGURATION', 'Test')
 extensions = [
    'configurations.sphinx',
 ]
 # The suffix of source filenames.
 source_suffix = '.rst'
 # The master toctree document.
 master_doc = 'index'
 # General information about the project.
 project = 'django-configurations'
 copyright = '2012-2014, Jannis Leidel and other contributors'
 version = release = 'test'
 exclude_patterns = ['_build']
 html_theme = 'default'
--- a/tests/docs/index.rst
+++ b/tests/docs/index.rst
@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
 Test Documentation
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
--- a/tests/management/init.py
+++ b/tests/management/init.py
--- a/tests/management/commands/init.py
+++ b/tests/management/commands/init.py
--- a/tests/management/commands/old_optparse_command.py
+++ b/tests/management/commands/old_optparse_command.py
@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
 from optparse import make_option
 from django.core.management.base import BaseCommand
 class Command(BaseCommand):
    # Used by a specific test to see how unupgraded
    # management commands play with configurations.
    # See the test code for more details.
    option_list = BaseCommand.option_list + (
        make_option('--arg1', action='store_true'),
    )
    def handle(self, *args, **options):
        pass
--- a/tests/settings/dot_env.py
+++ b/tests/settings/dot_env.py
@ -6,6 +6,3 @@ class DotEnvConfiguration(Configuration):
    DOTENV = 'test_project/.env'
    DOTENV_VALUE = values.Value()
    def DOTENV_VALUE_METHOD(self):
        return values.Value(environ_name="DOTENV_VALUE")
--- a/tests/settings/error.py
+++ b/tests/settings/error.py
@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
 from configurations import Configuration
 class ErrorConfiguration(Configuration):
    @classmethod
    def pre_setup(cls):
        raise ValueError("Error in pre_setup")
--- a/tests/settings/main.py
+++ b/tests/settings/main.py
@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 import os
 import uuid
 import django
 from configurations import Configuration, pristinemethod
 from configurations.values import BooleanValue
 class Test(Configuration):
@ -9,6 +11,8 @@ class Test(Configuration):
        os.path.join(os.path.dirname(
            os.path.abspath(__file__)), os.pardir))
    ENV_LOADED = BooleanValue(False)
    DEBUG = True
    SITE_ID = 1
@ -32,9 +36,12 @@ class Test(Configuration):
    ROOT_URLCONF = 'tests.urls'
    if django.VERSION[:2] < (1, 6):
        TEST_RUNNER = 'discover_runner.DiscoverRunner'
    @property
    def ALLOWED_HOSTS(self):
-        allowed_hosts = super().ALLOWED_HOSTS[:]
+        allowed_hosts = super(Test, self).ALLOWED_HOSTS[:]
        allowed_hosts.append('base')
        return allowed_hosts
@ -64,7 +71,3 @@ class Test(Configuration):
    @classmethod
    def post_setup(cls):
        cls.POST_SETUP_TEST_SETTING = 7
 class TestWithDefaultSetExplicitely(Test):
    DEFAULT_AUTO_FIELD = 'django.db.models.BigAutoField'
--- a/tests/settings/mixin_inheritance.py
+++ b/tests/settings/mixin_inheritance.py
@ -1,19 +1,19 @@
 from configurations import Configuration
-class Mixin1:
+class Mixin1(object):
    @property
    def ALLOWED_HOSTS(self):
-        allowed_hosts = super().ALLOWED_HOSTS[:]
+        allowed_hosts = super(Mixin1, self).ALLOWED_HOSTS[:]
        allowed_hosts.append('test1')
        return allowed_hosts
-class Mixin2:
+class Mixin2(object):
    @property
    def ALLOWED_HOSTS(self):
-        allowed_hosts = super().ALLOWED_HOSTS[:]
+        allowed_hosts = super(Mixin2, self).ALLOWED_HOSTS[:]
        allowed_hosts.append('test2')
        return allowed_hosts
@ -21,6 +21,6 @@ class Mixin2:
 class Inheritance(Mixin2, Mixin1, Configuration):
    def ALLOWED_HOSTS(self):
-        allowed_hosts = super().ALLOWED_HOSTS[:]
+        allowed_hosts = super(Inheritance, self).ALLOWED_HOSTS[:]
        allowed_hosts.append('test3')
        return allowed_hosts
--- a/tests/settings/multiple_inheritance.py
+++ b/tests/settings/multiple_inheritance.py
@ -4,6 +4,6 @@ from .single_inheritance import Inheritance as BaseInheritance
 class Inheritance(BaseInheritance):
    def ALLOWED_HOSTS(self):
-        allowed_hosts = super().ALLOWED_HOSTS[:]
+        allowed_hosts = super(Inheritance, self).ALLOWED_HOSTS[:]
        allowed_hosts.append('test-test')
        return allowed_hosts
--- a/tests/settings/single_inheritance.py
+++ b/tests/settings/single_inheritance.py
@ -5,6 +5,6 @@ class Inheritance(Base):
    @property
    def ALLOWED_HOSTS(self):
-        allowed_hosts = super().ALLOWED_HOSTS[:]
+        allowed_hosts = super(Inheritance, self).ALLOWED_HOSTS[:]
        allowed_hosts.append('test')
        return allowed_hosts
--- a/tests/setup_test.py
+++ b/tests/setup_test.py
@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 """Used by tests to ensure logging is kept when calling setup() twice."""
-from unittest import mock
+try:
    from unittest import mock
 except ImportError:
    from mock import mock
 import configurations
--- a/tests/test_env.py
+++ b/tests/test_env.py
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import os
 from django.test import TestCase
-from unittest.mock import patch
+from mock import patch
 class DotEnvLoadingTests(TestCase):
@ -11,5 +11,4 @@ class DotEnvLoadingTests(TestCase):
    def test_env_loaded(self):
        from tests.settings import dot_env
        self.assertEqual(dot_env.DOTENV_VALUE, 'is set')
        self.assertEqual(dot_env.DOTENV_VALUE_METHOD, 'is set')
        self.assertEqual(dot_env.DOTENV_LOADED, dot_env.DOTENV)
--- a/tests/test_error.py
+++ b/tests/test_error.py
@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
 import os
 from django.test import TestCase
 from unittest.mock import patch
 class ErrorTests(TestCase):
    @patch.dict(os.environ, clear=True,
                DJANGO_CONFIGURATION='ErrorConfiguration',
                DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE='tests.settings.error')
    def test_env_loaded(self):
        with self.assertRaises(ValueError) as cm:
            from tests.settings import error  # noqa: F401
        self.assertIsInstance(cm.exception, ValueError)
        self.assertEqual(
            cm.exception.args,
            (
                "Couldn't setup configuration "
                "'tests.settings.error.ErrorConfiguration':  Error in pre_setup ",
            )
        )
--- a/tests/test_inheritance.py
+++ b/tests/test_inheritance.py
@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import os
 from django.test import TestCase
-from unittest.mock import patch
+from mock import patch
 class InheritanceTests(TestCase):
--- a/tests/test_main.py
+++ b/tests/test_main.py
@ -5,9 +5,9 @@ import sys
 from django.test import TestCase
 from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured
-from unittest.mock import patch
+from mock import patch
-from configurations.importer import ConfigurationFinder
+from configurations.importer import ConfigurationImporter
 ROOT_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(__file__))
 TEST_PROJECT_DIR = os.path.join(ROOT_DIR, 'test_project')
@ -42,14 +42,12 @@ class MainTests(TestCase):
    @patch.dict(os.environ, clear=True, DJANGO_CONFIGURATION='Test')
    def test_empty_module_var(self):
-        with self.assertRaises(ImproperlyConfigured):
+        self.assertRaises(ImproperlyConfigured, ConfigurationImporter)
            ConfigurationFinder()
    @patch.dict(os.environ, clear=True,
                DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE='tests.settings.main')
    def test_empty_class_var(self):
-        with self.assertRaises(ImproperlyConfigured):
+        self.assertRaises(ImproperlyConfigured, ConfigurationImporter)
            ConfigurationFinder()
    def test_global_settings(self):
        from configurations.base import Configuration
@ -57,12 +55,6 @@ class MainTests(TestCase):
        self.assertEqual(repr(Configuration),
                         "<Configuration 'configurations.base.Configuration'>")
    def test_deprecated_settings_but_set_by_user(self):
        from tests.settings.main import TestWithDefaultSetExplicitely
        TestWithDefaultSetExplicitely.setup()
        self.assertEqual(TestWithDefaultSetExplicitely.DEFAULT_AUTO_FIELD,
                         "django.db.models.BigAutoField")
    def test_repr(self):
        from tests.settings.main import Test
        self.assertEqual(repr(Test),
@ -72,21 +64,21 @@ class MainTests(TestCase):
                DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE='tests.settings.main',
                DJANGO_CONFIGURATION='Test')
    def test_initialization(self):
-        finder = ConfigurationFinder()
+        importer = ConfigurationImporter()
-        self.assertEqual(finder.module, 'tests.settings.main')
+        self.assertEqual(importer.module, 'tests.settings.main')
-        self.assertEqual(finder.name, 'Test')
+        self.assertEqual(importer.name, 'Test')
        self.assertEqual(
-            repr(finder),
+            repr(importer),
-            "<ConfigurationFinder for 'tests.settings.main.Test'>")
+            "<ConfigurationImporter for 'tests.settings.main.Test'>")
    @patch.dict(os.environ, clear=True,
                DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE='tests.settings.inheritance',
                DJANGO_CONFIGURATION='Inheritance')
    def test_initialization_inheritance(self):
-        finder = ConfigurationFinder()
+        importer = ConfigurationImporter()
-        self.assertEqual(finder.module,
+        self.assertEqual(importer.module,
                         'tests.settings.inheritance')
-        self.assertEqual(finder.name, 'Inheritance')
+        self.assertEqual(importer.name, 'Inheritance')
    @patch.dict(os.environ, clear=True,
                DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE='tests.settings.main',
@ -95,12 +87,12 @@ class MainTests(TestCase):
                                '--settings=tests.settings.main',
                                '--configuration=Test'])
    def test_configuration_option(self):
-        finder = ConfigurationFinder(check_options=False)
+        importer = ConfigurationImporter(check_options=False)
-        self.assertEqual(finder.module, 'tests.settings.main')
+        self.assertEqual(importer.module, 'tests.settings.main')
-        self.assertEqual(finder.name, 'NonExisting')
+        self.assertEqual(importer.name, 'NonExisting')
-        finder = ConfigurationFinder(check_options=True)
+        importer = ConfigurationImporter(check_options=True)
-        self.assertEqual(finder.module, 'tests.settings.main')
+        self.assertEqual(importer.module, 'tests.settings.main')
-        self.assertEqual(finder.name, 'Test')
+        self.assertEqual(importer.name, 'Test')
    def test_configuration_argument_in_cli(self):
        """
@ -114,22 +106,6 @@ class MainTests(TestCase):
                                stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
        self.assertIn('--configuration', proc.communicate()[0].decode('utf-8'))
    def test_configuration_argument_in_runypy_cli(self):
        """
        Verify that's configuration option has been added to managements
        commands when using the -m entry point
        """
        proc = subprocess.Popen(
            [sys.executable, '-m', 'configurations', 'test', '--help'],
            stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
        )
        self.assertIn('--configuration', proc.communicate()[0].decode('utf-8'))
        proc = subprocess.Popen(
            [sys.executable, '-m', 'configurations', 'runserver', '--help'],
            stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
        )
        self.assertIn('--configuration', proc.communicate()[0].decode('utf-8'))
    def test_django_setup_only_called_once(self):
        proc = subprocess.Popen(
            [sys.executable, os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__),
--- a/tests/test_sphinx.py
+++ b/tests/test_sphinx.py
@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 import subprocess
 import os
 from django.test import TestCase
 from django.conf import settings
 class SphinxTests(TestCase):
    docs_dir = os.path.join(settings.BASE_DIR, 'docs')
    def test_multiprocessing(self):
        output = subprocess.check_output([
            'sphinx-build',
            '-b',
            'html',
            '-j 2',
            '.',
            '_build/html',
        ], cwd=self.docs_dir, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
        self.assertIn(b'build succeeded.', output)
--- a/tests/test_values.py
+++ b/tests/test_values.py
@ -2,11 +2,10 @@ import decimal
 import os
 from contextlib import contextmanager
 from django import VERSION as DJANGO_VERSION
 from django.test import TestCase
 from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured
-from unittest.mock import patch
+from mock import patch
 from configurations.values import (Value, BooleanValue, IntegerValue,
                                   FloatValue, DecimalValue, ListValue,
@ -34,7 +33,7 @@ class ValueTests(TestCase):
    def test_value_with_default(self):
        value = Value('default', environ=False)
-        self.assertEqual(type(value), str)
+        self.assertEqual(type(value), type('default'))
        self.assertEqual(value, 'default')
        self.assertEqual(str(value), 'default')
@ -44,17 +43,17 @@ class ValueTests(TestCase):
        with env(DJANGO_TEST='override'):
            self.assertEqual(value.setup('TEST'), 'default')
            value = Value(environ_name='TEST')
-            self.assertEqual(type(value), str)
+            self.assertEqual(type(value), type('override'))
            self.assertEqual(value, 'override')
            self.assertEqual(str(value), 'override')
-            self.assertEqual(f'{value}', 'override')
+            self.assertEqual('{0}'.format(value), 'override')
            self.assertEqual('%s' % value, 'override')
            value = Value(environ_name='TEST', late_binding=True)
            self.assertEqual(type(value), Value)
            self.assertEqual(value.value, 'override')
            self.assertEqual(str(value), 'override')
-            self.assertEqual(f'{value}', 'override')
+            self.assertEqual('{0}'.format(value), 'override')
            self.assertEqual('%s' % value, 'override')
            self.assertEqual(repr(value), repr('override'))
@ -271,9 +270,9 @@ class ValueTests(TestCase):
    def test_set_values_default(self):
        value = SetValue()
        with env(DJANGO_TEST='2,2'):
-            self.assertEqual(value.setup('TEST'), {'2', '2'})
+            self.assertEqual(value.setup('TEST'), set(['2', '2']))
        with env(DJANGO_TEST='2, 2 ,'):
-            self.assertEqual(value.setup('TEST'), {'2', '2'})
+            self.assertEqual(value.setup('TEST'), set(['2', '2']))
        with env(DJANGO_TEST=''):
            self.assertEqual(value.setup('TEST'), set())
@ -373,23 +372,16 @@ class ValueTests(TestCase):
        value = DatabaseURLValue()
        self.assertEqual(value.default, {})
        with env(DATABASE_URL='sqlite://'):
-            settings_value = value.setup('DATABASE_URL')
+            self.assertEqual(value.setup('DATABASE_URL'), {
-            # Compare the embedded dicts in the "default" entry so that the difference can be seen if
+                'default': {
            # it fails ... DatabaseURLValue(|) uses an external app that can add additional entries
            self.assertDictEqual(
                {
                    'CONN_HEALTH_CHECKS': False,
                    'CONN_MAX_AGE': 0,
                    'DISABLE_SERVER_SIDE_CURSORS': False,
                    'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
                    'HOST': '',
                    'NAME': ':memory:',
                    'PASSWORD': '',
                    'PORT': '',
                    'USER': '',
-                },
+                }})
                settings_value['default']
            )
    def test_database_url_additional_args(self):
@ -419,7 +411,6 @@ class ValueTests(TestCase):
                'EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD': 'password',
                'EMAIL_HOST_USER': 'user@domain.com',
                'EMAIL_PORT': 587,
                'EMAIL_TIMEOUT': None,
                'EMAIL_USE_SSL': False,
                'EMAIL_USE_TLS': True})
        with env(EMAIL_URL='console://'):
@ -430,7 +421,6 @@ class ValueTests(TestCase):
                'EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD': None,
                'EMAIL_HOST_USER': None,
                'EMAIL_PORT': None,
                'EMAIL_TIMEOUT': None,
                'EMAIL_USE_SSL': False,
                'EMAIL_USE_TLS': False})
        with env(EMAIL_URL='smtps://user@domain.com:password@smtp.example.com:wrong'):  # noqa: E501
@ -439,7 +429,7 @@ class ValueTests(TestCase):
    def test_cache_url_value(self):
        cache_setting = {
            'default': {
-                'BACKEND': 'django_redis.cache.RedisCache' if DJANGO_VERSION < (4,) else 'django.core.cache.backends.redis.RedisCache',  # noqa: E501
+                'BACKEND': 'django_redis.cache.RedisCache',
                'LOCATION': 'redis://host:6379/1',
            }
        }
@ -495,12 +485,12 @@ class ValueTests(TestCase):
        self.assertEqual(value.value, set())
        value = SetValue([1, 2])
-        self.assertEqual(value.default, {1, 2})
+        self.assertEqual(value.default, set([1, 2]))
-        self.assertEqual(value.value, {1, 2})
+        self.assertEqual(value.value, set([1, 2]))
    def test_setup_value(self):
-        class Target:
+        class Target(object):
            pass
        value = EmailURLValue()
@ -513,7 +503,6 @@ class ValueTests(TestCase):
                'EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD': 'password',
                'EMAIL_HOST_USER': 'user@domain.com',
                'EMAIL_PORT': 587,
                'EMAIL_TIMEOUT': None,
                'EMAIL_USE_SSL': False,
                'EMAIL_USE_TLS': True
            })
--- a/tox.ini
+++ b/tox.ini
@ -2,23 +2,23 @@
 skipsdist = true
 usedevelop = true
 minversion = 1.8
 whitelist_externals = sphinx-build
 envlist =
-    py311-checkqa
+    py36-checkqa,
-    docs
+    py{27,35,36,py}-dj111
-    py{39}-dj{32,41,42}
+    py{35,36,37,py3}-dj20
-    py{310,py310}-dj{32,41,42,50,main}
+    py{35,36,37,py3}-dj21
-    py{311}-dj{41,42,50,51,main}
+    py{35,36,37,38,py3}-dj22
-    py{312}-dj{50,51,main}
+    py{36,37,38,py3}-dj{30,master}
    py{313}-dj{50,51,main}
-[gh-actions]
+[travis]
 python =
-    3.9: py39
+    2.7: py27
-    3.10: py310
+    3.5: py35
-    3.11: py311,flake8,readme
+    3.6: py36,flake8,readme
-    3.12: py312
+    3.7: py37
-    3.13: py313
+    3.8: py38
-    pypy-3.10: pypy310
+    pypy3: pypy3
 [testenv]
 usedevelop = true
@ -27,27 +27,24 @@ setenv =
    DJANGO_CONFIGURATION = Test
    COVERAGE_PROCESS_START = {toxinidir}/setup.cfg
 deps =
-    dj32: django~=3.2.9
+    dj111: django>=1.11,<2.0
-    dj41: django~=4.1.3
+    dj20: django>=2.0a1,<2.1
-    dj42: django~=4.2.0
+    dj21: django>=2.1a1,<2.2
-    dj50: django~=5.0.0
+    dj22: django>=2.2a1,<3.0
-    dj51: django~=5.1.0
+    dj30: django>=3.0a1,<3.1
-    djmain: https://github.com/django/django/archive/main.tar.gz
+    djmaster: https://github.com/django/django/archive/master.tar.gz#egg=django
-    py312: setuptools
+    py27,pypy: mock
    py312: wheel
    py313: setuptools
    py313: wheel
    coverage
    coverage_enable_subprocess
 extras = testing
 commands =
    python --version
    {envbindir}/coverage run {envbindir}/django-cadmin test -v2 {posargs:tests}
-    coverage combine . tests docs
+    coverage combine . tests/docs
    coverage report -m --skip-covered
    coverage xml
-[testenv:py311-checkqa]
+[testenv:py36-checkqa]
 commands =
    flake8 {toxinidir}
    check-manifest -v
@ -57,16 +54,3 @@ deps =
    flake8
    twine
    check-manifest
 [testenv:docs]
 setenv =
 deps =
    -r docs/requirements.txt
 commands =
    sphinx-build \
        -b html \
        -a \
        -W \
        -n \
        docs \
        docs/_build/html