diff --git a/dddp/__init__.py b/dddp/__init__.py
index 9458005..f7b302e 100644
--- a/dddp/__init__.py
+++ b/dddp/__init__.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 """Django/PostgreSQL implementation of the Meteor server."""
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
 import sys
 from gevent.local import local
 from dddp import alea
@@ -71,9 +71,9 @@ class MeteorError(Exception):
         error, reason, details, err_kwargs = self.args
         result = {
             key: val
-            for key, val in {
+            for key, val in list({
                 'error': error, 'reason': reason, 'details': details,
-            }.items()
+            }.items())
             if val is not None
         }
         result.update(err_kwargs)
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ THREAD_LOCAL_FACTORIES = {
     'user': lambda: None,
 }
 THREAD_LOCAL = this = ThreadLocal()  # pylint: disable=invalid-name
-METEOR_ID_CHARS = u'23456789ABCDEFGHJKLMNPQRSTWXYZabcdefghijkmnopqrstuvwxyz'
+METEOR_ID_CHARS = '23456789ABCDEFGHJKLMNPQRSTWXYZabcdefghijkmnopqrstuvwxyz'
 
 
 def meteor_random_id(name=None, length=17):
diff --git a/dddp/accounts/ddp.py b/dddp/accounts/ddp.py
index b8c4abd..2863e4b 100644
--- a/dddp/accounts/ddp.py
+++ b/dddp/accounts/ddp.py
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ def iter_auth_hashes(user, purpose, minutes_valid):
 
 def get_auth_hash(user, purpose):
     """Generate a user hash for a particular purpose."""
-    return iter_auth_hashes(user, purpose, minutes_valid=1).next()
+    return next(iter_auth_hashes(user, purpose, minutes_valid=1))
 
 
 def calc_expiry_time(minutes_valid):
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ class Users(Collection):
             """Return name prefixed by `key_prefix`."""
             return '%s%s' % (key_prefix, name)
 
-        for key in profile.keys():
+        for key in list(profile.keys()):
             val = getter(key)
             if key == prefixed('name'):
                 result['full_name'] = val
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ class Users(Collection):
         if len(update['$set']) != 0:
             raise MeteorError(400, 'Invalid update fields: %r')
 
-        for key, val in profile_update.items():
+        for key, val in list(profile_update.items()):
             setattr(user, key, val)
         user.save()
 
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@ class Auth(APIMixin):
             ])
 
             # first pass, send `added` for objs unique to `post`
-            for col_post, query in post.items():
+            for col_post, query in list(post.items()):
                 try:
                     qs_pre = pre[col_post]
                     query = query.exclude(
@@ -288,7 +288,7 @@ class Auth(APIMixin):
                     this.ws.send(col_post.obj_change_as_msg(obj, ADDED))
 
             # second pass, send `removed` for objs unique to `pre`
-            for col_pre, query in pre.items():
+            for col_pre, query in list(pre.items()):
                 try:
                     qs_post = post[col_pre]
                     query = query.exclude(
@@ -343,10 +343,10 @@ class Auth(APIMixin):
 
     def get_username(self, user):
         """Retrieve username from user selector."""
-        if isinstance(user, basestring):
+        if isinstance(user, str):
             return user
         elif isinstance(user, dict) and len(user) == 1:
-            [(key, val)] = user.items()
+            [(key, val)] = list(user.items())
             if key == 'username' or (key == self.user_model.USERNAME_FIELD):
                 # username provided directly
                 return val
@@ -373,7 +373,7 @@ class Auth(APIMixin):
     @staticmethod
     def get_password(password):
         """Return password in plain-text from string/dict."""
-        if isinstance(password, basestring):
+        if isinstance(password, str):
             # regular Django authentication - plaintext password... but you're
             # using HTTPS (SSL) anyway so it's protected anyway, right?
             return password
diff --git a/dddp/accounts/tests.py b/dddp/accounts/tests.py
index 04f53cc..8b836c1 100644
--- a/dddp/accounts/tests.py
+++ b/dddp/accounts/tests.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 """Django DDP Accounts test suite."""
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
 
 import sys
 from dddp import tests
diff --git a/dddp/admin.py b/dddp/admin.py
index 9f5e780..2ffff68 100644
--- a/dddp/admin.py
+++ b/dddp/admin.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
 from django.contrib import admin
 from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse, NoReverseMatch
 from django.utils.html import format_html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ from dddp import models
 
 def object_admin_link(obj):
     kwargs = {
-        'format_string': u'{app_label}.{model} {object_id}: {object}',
+        'format_string': '{app_label}.{model} {object_id}: {object}',
         'app_label': obj.content_type.app_label,
         'model': obj.content_type.model,
         'object_id': obj.object_id,
diff --git a/dddp/alea.py b/dddp/alea.py
index 4b0bd42..2779386 100644
--- a/dddp/alea.py
+++ b/dddp/alea.py
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ True
 True
 
 """
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
 
 from math import floor
 import os
diff --git a/dddp/api.py b/dddp/api.py
index e3eac98..eccf6c5 100644
--- a/dddp/api.py
+++ b/dddp/api.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 """Django DDP API, Collections, Cursors and Publications."""
-from __future__ import absolute_import, unicode_literals, print_function
+
 
 # standard library
 import collections
@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ class Collection(APIMixin):
         if user_rels:
             if user is None:
                 return qs.none()  # no user but we need one: return no objects.
-            if isinstance(user_rels, basestring):
+            if isinstance(user_rels, str):
                 user_rels = [user_rels]
             user_filter = None
             # Django supports model._meta -> pylint: disable=W0212
@@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ class Collection(APIMixin):
             if obj.pk is None:
                 return user_ids  # nobody can see objects that don't exist
             user_rels = self.user_rel
-            if isinstance(user_rels, basestring):
+            if isinstance(user_rels, str):
                 user_rels = [user_rels]
             user_rel_map = {
                 '_user_rel_%d' % index: ArrayAgg(user_rel)
@@ -303,7 +303,7 @@ class Collection(APIMixin):
             ).annotate(
                 **user_rel_map
             ).values_list(
-                *user_rel_map.keys()
+                *list(user_rel_map.keys())
             ).get():
                 user_ids.update(rel_user_ids)
             user_ids.difference_update([None])
@@ -411,15 +411,15 @@ class Collection(APIMixin):
         """Generate a DDP msg for obj with specified msg type."""
         # check for F expressions
         exps = [
-            name for name, val in vars(obj).items()
+            name for name, val in list(vars(obj).items())
             if isinstance(val, ExpressionNode)
         ]
         if exps:
             # clone/update obj with values but only for the expression fields
             obj = deepcopy(obj)
-            for name, val in self.model.objects.values(*exps).get(
+            for name, val in list(self.model.objects.values(*exps).get(
                     pk=obj.pk,
-            ).items():
+            ).items()):
                 setattr(obj, name, val)
 
         # run serialization now all fields are "concrete" (not F expressions)
@@ -448,9 +448,9 @@ class Collection(APIMixin):
                 # This will be sent as the `id`, don't send it in `fields`.
                 fields.pop(field.name)
         for field in meta.local_many_to_many:
-            fields['%s_ids' % field.name] = get_meteor_ids(
+            fields['%s_ids' % field.name] = list(get_meteor_ids(
                 field.rel.to, fields.pop(field.name),
-            ).values()
+            ).values())
         return data
 
     def obj_change_as_msg(self, obj, msg, meteor_ids=None):
@@ -572,7 +572,7 @@ class DDP(APIMixin):
     @property
     def api_providers(self):
         """Return an iterable of API providers."""
-        return self._registry.values()
+        return list(self._registry.values())
 
     def qs_and_collection(self, qs):
         """Return (qs, collection) from qs (which may be a tuple)."""
@@ -608,7 +608,7 @@ class DDP(APIMixin):
                 ),
             )
             for col, qs
-            in queries.items()
+            in list(queries.items())
         )
         for other in Subscription.objects.filter(
                 connection=obj.connection_id,
@@ -628,7 +628,7 @@ class DDP(APIMixin):
                         *args, **kwargs
                     ).values('pk'),
                 )
-        for col, qs in to_send.items():
+        for col, qs in list(to_send.items()):
             yield col, qs.distinct()
 
     @api_endpoint
diff --git a/dddp/apps.py b/dddp/apps.py
index e233d23..13cafdd 100644
--- a/dddp/apps.py
+++ b/dddp/apps.py
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ class DjangoDDPConfig(AppConfig):
         """Initialisation for django-ddp (setup lookups and signal handlers)."""
         if not settings.DATABASES:
             raise ImproperlyConfigured('No databases configured.')
-        for (alias, conf) in settings.DATABASES.items():
+        for (alias, conf) in list(settings.DATABASES.items()):
             engine = conf['ENGINE']
             if engine not in [
                 'django.db.backends.postgresql',
diff --git a/dddp/logging.py b/dddp/logging.py
index dcf6945..ecee858 100644
--- a/dddp/logging.py
+++ b/dddp/logging.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 """Django DDP logging helpers."""
-from __future__ import absolute_import, print_function
+
 
 import datetime
 import logging
diff --git a/dddp/main.py b/dddp/main.py
index dd8d12c..0eb0171 100644
--- a/dddp/main.py
+++ b/dddp/main.py
@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 """Django DDP WebSocket service."""
 
-from __future__ import absolute_import, print_function
-
 import argparse
 import collections
 import os
@@ -157,7 +155,7 @@ class DDPLauncher(object):
             listen_addr,
             self.resource,
             debug=debug,
-            **{key: val for key, val in ssl_args.items() if val is not None}
+            **{key: val for key, val in list(ssl_args.items()) if val is not None}
         )
 
     def get_backdoor_server(self, listen_addr, **context):
@@ -286,7 +284,7 @@ def serve(listen, verbosity=1, debug_port=0, **ssl_args):
     sigmap = {
         val: name
         for name, val
-        in vars(signal).items()
+        in list(vars(signal).items())
         if name.startswith('SIG')
     }
 
diff --git a/dddp/migrations/0001_initial.py b/dddp/migrations/0001_initial.py
index c493424..2c4495c 100644
--- a/dddp/migrations/0001_initial.py
+++ b/dddp/migrations/0001_initial.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
 
 from django.db import models, migrations
 import dddp.models
diff --git a/dddp/migrations/0002_auto_20150408_0321.py b/dddp/migrations/0002_auto_20150408_0321.py
index 62c4959..32f9924 100644
--- a/dddp/migrations/0002_auto_20150408_0321.py
+++ b/dddp/migrations/0002_auto_20150408_0321.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
 
 from django.db import models, migrations
 from django.conf import settings
diff --git a/dddp/migrations/0003_auto_20150413_1328.py b/dddp/migrations/0003_auto_20150413_1328.py
index 470ffa6..a0c2602 100644
--- a/dddp/migrations/0003_auto_20150413_1328.py
+++ b/dddp/migrations/0003_auto_20150413_1328.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
 
 from django.db import models, migrations
 
diff --git a/dddp/migrations/0004_connection_server_addr.py b/dddp/migrations/0004_connection_server_addr.py
index a045855..278c42f 100644
--- a/dddp/migrations/0004_connection_server_addr.py
+++ b/dddp/migrations/0004_connection_server_addr.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
 
 from django.db import models, migrations
 
diff --git a/dddp/migrations/0005_auto_20150427_1209.py b/dddp/migrations/0005_auto_20150427_1209.py
index c7adc86..f53056b 100644
--- a/dddp/migrations/0005_auto_20150427_1209.py
+++ b/dddp/migrations/0005_auto_20150427_1209.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
 
 from django.db import models, migrations
 from django.conf import settings
diff --git a/dddp/migrations/0006_auto_20150428_2245.py b/dddp/migrations/0006_auto_20150428_2245.py
index d579c7a..f7dde7c 100644
--- a/dddp/migrations/0006_auto_20150428_2245.py
+++ b/dddp/migrations/0006_auto_20150428_2245.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
 
 from django.db import models, migrations
 
diff --git a/dddp/migrations/0007_auto_20150505_1302.py b/dddp/migrations/0007_auto_20150505_1302.py
index 4fbec54..faefe5b 100644
--- a/dddp/migrations/0007_auto_20150505_1302.py
+++ b/dddp/migrations/0007_auto_20150505_1302.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
 
 from django.db import models, migrations
 
diff --git a/dddp/migrations/0008_remove_subscription_publication_class.py b/dddp/migrations/0008_remove_subscription_publication_class.py
index 8f2b441..310152f 100644
--- a/dddp/migrations/0008_remove_subscription_publication_class.py
+++ b/dddp/migrations/0008_remove_subscription_publication_class.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
 
 from django.db import models, migrations
 
diff --git a/dddp/migrations/0009_auto_20150812_0856.py b/dddp/migrations/0009_auto_20150812_0856.py
index 3247443..9e922eb 100644
--- a/dddp/migrations/0009_auto_20150812_0856.py
+++ b/dddp/migrations/0009_auto_20150812_0856.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
 
 from django.db import models, migrations
 import dddp.models
diff --git a/dddp/models.py b/dddp/models.py
index 28c52e1..d952d97 100644
--- a/dddp/models.py
+++ b/dddp/models.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 """Django DDP models."""
-from __future__ import absolute_import
+
 
 import collections
 import os
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ def get_meteor_ids(model, object_ids):
         ).values_list('object_id', 'meteor_id')
     for obj_pk, meteor_id in query:
         result[str(obj_pk)] = meteor_id
-    for obj_pk, meteor_id in result.items():
+    for obj_pk, meteor_id in list(result.items()):
         if meteor_id is None:
             result[obj_pk] = get_meteor_id(model, obj_pk)
     return result
@@ -309,7 +309,7 @@ class Connection(models.Model, object):
 
     def __str__(self):
         """Text representation of subscription."""
-        return u'%s/\u200b%s' % (
+        return '%s/\u200b%s' % (
             self.connection_id,
             self.remote_addr,
         )
@@ -337,7 +337,7 @@ class Subscription(models.Model, object):
 
     def __str__(self):
         """Text representation of subscription."""
-        return u'%s/\u200b%s/\u200b%s: %s%s' % (
+        return '%s/\u200b%s/\u200b%s: %s%s' % (
             self.user,
             self.connection_id,
             self.sub_id,
@@ -367,7 +367,7 @@ class SubscriptionCollection(models.Model):
 
     def __str__(self):
         """Human readable representation of colleciton for a subscription."""
-        return u'%s \u200b %s (%s)' % (
+        return '%s \u200b %s (%s)' % (
             self.subscription,
             self.collection_name,
             self.model_name,
diff --git a/dddp/tests.py b/dddp/tests.py
index 3286ae1..7c3581e 100644
--- a/dddp/tests.py
+++ b/dddp/tests.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 """Django DDP test suite."""
-from __future__ import absolute_import, unicode_literals
+
 
 import doctest
 import errno
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ class DDPTestServer(object):
     """DDP server with auto start and stop."""
 
     server_addr = '127.0.0.1'
-    server_port_range = range(8000, 8080)
+    server_port_range = list(range(8000, 8080))
     ssl_certfile_path = None
     ssl_keyfile_path = None
 
@@ -404,7 +404,7 @@ def load_tests(loader, tests, pattern):
     del pattern
     suite = unittest.TestSuite()
     # add all TestCase classes from this (current) module
-    for attr in globals().values():
+    for attr in list(globals().values()):
         if attr is DDPServerTestCase:
             continue  # not meant to be executed, is has no tests.
         try:
diff --git a/dddp/views.py b/dddp/views.py
index 648a7ca..2124808 100644
--- a/dddp/views.py
+++ b/dddp/views.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 """Django DDP Server views."""
-from __future__ import absolute_import, unicode_literals
+
 
 from copy import deepcopy
 import io
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ def dict_merge(lft, rgt):
     if not isinstance(rgt, dict):
         return rgt
     result = deepcopy(lft)
-    for key, val in rgt.iteritems():
+    for key, val in rgt.items():
         if key in result and isinstance(result[key], dict):
             result[key] = dict_merge(result[key], val)
         else:
@@ -233,11 +233,11 @@ class MeteorView(View):
             'inline': None,
             'head': read(
                 self.internal_map.get('head', {}).get('path_full', None),
-                default=u'',
+                default='',
             ),
             'body': read(
                 self.internal_map.get('body', {}).get('path_full', None),
-                default=u'',
+                default='',
             ),
         }
         tmpl_raw = read(self.template_path, encoding='utf8')
diff --git a/dddp/websocket.py b/dddp/websocket.py
index 940512f..ea4a909 100644
--- a/dddp/websocket.py
+++ b/dddp/websocket.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 """Django DDP WebSocket service."""
 
-from __future__ import absolute_import, print_function
+
 
 import atexit
 import collections
@@ -332,7 +332,7 @@ class DDPWebSocketApplication(geventwebsocket.WebSocketApplication):
                 safe_call(self.logger.debug, 'TX found %d', self._tx_next_id)
             # advance next message ID
             self._tx_next_id = next(self._tx_next_id_gen)
-            if not isinstance(data, basestring):
+            if not isinstance(data, str):
                 # ejson payload
                 msg = data.get('msg', None)
                 if msg in (ADDED, CHANGED, REMOVED):