Refs #1 - Introduced experimental support for Nginx X-Accel. WORK IN PROGRESS.

django_downloadview/nginx.py

@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+"""Let Nginx serve files for increased performance.
+
+See `Nginx X-accel documentation <http://wiki.nginx.org/X-accel>`_.
+
+"""
+from datetime import datetime, timedelta
+
+from django.conf import settings
+from django.http import HttpResponse
+
+from django_downloadview.middlewares import BaseDownloadMiddleware
+from django_downloadview.decorators import DownloadDecorator
+
+
+#: Default value for X-Accel-Buffering header.
+DEFAULT_BUFFERING = None
+if not hasattr(settings, 'NGINX_DOWNLOAD_MIDDLEWARE_BUFFERING'):
+    setattr(settings, 'NGINX_DOWNLOAD_MIDDLEWARE_BUFFERING', DEFAULT_BUFFERING)
+
+
+#: Default value for X-Accel-Limit-Rate header.
+DEFAULT_LIMIT_RATE = None
+if not hasattr(settings, 'NGINX_DOWNLOAD_MIDDLEWARE_LIMIT_RATE'):
+    setattr(settings, 'NGINX_DOWNLOAD_MIDDLEWARE_LIMIT', DEFAULT_LIMIT_RATE)
+
+
+def content_type_to_charset(content_type):
+    return 'utf-8'
+
+
+class XAccelRedirectResponse(HttpResponse):
+    """Http response that delegate serving file to Nginx."""
+    def __init__(self, url, content_type, basename=None, expires=None,
+                 with_buffering=None, limit_rate=None):
+        """Return a HttpResponse with headers for Nginx X-Accel-Redirect."""
+        super(XAccelRedirectResponse, self).__init__(content_type=content_type)
+        basename = basename or url.split('/')[-1]
+        self['Content-Disposition'] = 'attachment; filename=%s' % basename
+        self['X-Accel-Redirect'] = url
+        self['X-Accel-Charset'] = content_type_to_charset(content_type)
+        if with_buffering is not None:
+            self['X-Accel-Buffering'] = with_buffering and 'yes' or 'no'
+        if expires:
+            expire_seconds = timedelta(expires - datetime.now()).seconds
+            self['X-Accel-Expires'] = expire_seconds
+        elif expires is not None:  # We explicitely want it off.
+            self['X-Accel-Expires'] = 'off'
+        if limit_rate is not None:
+            self['X-Accel-Limit-Rate'] = limit_rate and '%d' % limit_rate \
+                                                    or 'off'
+
+
+class BaseXAccelRedirectMiddleware(BaseDownloadMiddleware):
+    """Looks like a middleware, but configurable."""
+    def __init__(self, expires=None, with_buffering=None, limit_rate=None):
+        """Constructor."""
+        self.expires = expires
+        self.with_buffering = with_buffering
+        self.limit_rate = limit_rate
+
+    def file_to_url(response):
+        return response.filename
+
+    def process_download_response(self, request, response):
+        """Replace DownloadResponse instances by NginxDownloadResponse ones."""
+        url = self.file_to_url(response)
+        if self.expires:
+            expires = self.expires
+        else:
+            try:
+                expires = response.expires
+            except AttributeError:
+                expires = None
+        return XAccelRedirectResponse(url=url,
+                                      content_type=response.content_type,
+                                      basename=response.basename,
+                                      expires=expires,
+                                      with_buffering=self.with_buffering,
+                                      limit_rate=self.limit_rate)
+
+
+class XAccelRedirectMiddleware():
+    """Apply X-Accel-Redirect globally.
+
+    XAccelRedirectResponseHandler with django settings.
+
+    """
+    def __init__(self):
+        """Use Django settings as configuration."""
+        super(XAccelRedirectMiddleware, self).__init__(
+            expires=settings.NGINX_DOWNLOAD_MIDDLEWARE_EXPIRESS,
+            with_buffering=settings.NGINX_DOWNLOAD_MIDDLEWARE_WITH_BUFFERING,
+            limit_rate=settings.NGINX_DOWNLOAD_MIDDLEWARE_LIMIT_RATE)
+
+
+#: Apply BaseXAccelRedirectMiddleware to ``view_func`` response.
+#:
+#: Proxies additional arguments (``*args``, ``**kwargs``) to
+#: :py:meth:`django_downloadview.nginx.BaseXAccelRedirectMiddleware.__init__`:
+#: ``expires``, ``with_buffering``, and ``limit_rate``.
+x_accel_redirect = DownloadDecorator(BaseXAccelRedirectMiddleware)

docs/api/django_downloadview.txt

@@ -25,6 +25,14 @@ django_downloadview Package
     :undoc-members:
     :show-inheritance:
 
+:mod:`nginx` Module
+-------------------
+
+.. automodule:: django_downloadview.nginx
+    :members:
+    :undoc-members:
+    :show-inheritance:
+
 :mod:`response` Module
 ----------------------
 

docs/index.txt

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ Contents
 .. toctree::
    :maxdepth: 2
 
+   nginx
    api/modules
 
 

docs/nginx.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+###################
+Nginx optimisations
+###################
+
+If you serve Django behind Nginx, then you can delegate the file download
+service to Nginx and get increased performance:
+
+* lower resources used by Python/Django workers ;
+* faster download.
+
+See `Nginx X-accel documentation`_ for details.
+
+
+****************************
+Configure some download view
+****************************
+
+As an example, let's consider the following download view:
+
+* mapped on ``/document/<object-slug>/download``
+* returns DownloadResponse corresponding to Document's model FileField
+* Document storage root is :file:`/var/www/files/`.
+
+Configure Document storage:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   storage = FileSystemStorage(location='var/www/files',
+                               url='/optimized-download')
+
+As is, Django is to serve the files, i.e. load chunks into memory and stream
+them.
+
+Nginx is much more efficient for the actual streaming.
+
+
+***************
+Configure Nginx
+***************
+
+See `Nginx X-accel documentation`_ for details.
+
+In this documentation, let's suppose we have something like this:
+
+.. code-block:: nginx
+
+   # Will serve /var/www/files/myfile.tar.gz
+   # When passed URI /protected_files/myfile.tar.gz
+   location /optimized-download {
+       internal;
+       alias /var/www/files;
+   }
+
+.. note::
+
+   ``/optimized-download`` is not available for the client, i.e. users
+   won't be able to download files via ``/optimized-download/<filename>``.
+
+.. warning::
+
+   Make sure Nginx can read the files to download! Check permissions.
+
+
+************************************************
+Global delegation, with XAccelRedirectMiddleware
+************************************************
+
+If you want to delegate all file downloads to Nginx, then use
+:py:class:`django_downloadview.nginx.XAccelRedirectMiddleware`.
+
+Register it in your settings:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = (
+       # ...
+       'django_downloadview.nginx.XAccelRedirectMiddleware',
+       # ...
+   )
+
+Optionally customize configuration (default is "use Nginx's defaults").
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   NGINX_DOWNLOAD_MIDDLEWARE_EXPIRES = False  # Force no expiration.
+   NGINX_DOWNLOAD_MIDDLEWARE_WITH_BUFFERING = False  # Force buffering off.
+   NGINX_DOWNLOAD_MIDDLEWARE_LIMIT_RATE = False  # Force limit rate off.
+
+
+*************************************************
+Local delegation, with x_accel_redirect decorator
+*************************************************
+
+If you want to delegate file downloads to Nginx on a per-view basis, then use
+:py:func:`django_downloadview.nginx.x_accel_redirect` decorator.
+
+In some urls.py:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   # ... import Document and django.core.urls
+
+   from django_downloadview import ObjectDownloadView
+   from django_downloadview.nginx import x_accel_redirect
+
+
+   download = x_accel_redirect(ObjectDownloadView.as_view(model=Document))
+
+   # ... URL patterns using ``download`` 
+
+
+**********
+References
+**********
+
+.. target-notes::
+
+.. _`Nginx X-accel documentation`: http://wiki.nginx.org/X-accel