django/django/core/serializers/base.py

"""
Module for abstract serializer/unserializer base classes.
"""
import warnings

from django.apps import app_cache
from django.db import models
from django.utils import six


class SerializerDoesNotExist(KeyError):
    """The requested serializer was not found."""
    pass


class SerializationError(Exception):
    """Something bad happened during serialization."""
    pass


class DeserializationError(Exception):
    """Something bad happened during deserialization."""
    pass


class Serializer(object):
    """
    Abstract serializer base class.
    """

    # Indicates if the implemented serializer is only available for
    # internal Django use.
    internal_use_only = False

    def serialize(self, queryset, **options):
        """
        Serialize a queryset.
        """
        self.options = options

        self.stream = options.pop("stream", six.StringIO())
        self.selected_fields = options.pop("fields", None)
        self.use_natural_keys = options.pop("use_natural_keys", False)
        if self.use_natural_keys:
            warnings.warn("``use_natural_keys`` is deprecated; use ``use_natural_foreign_keys`` instead.",
                PendingDeprecationWarning)
        self.use_natural_foreign_keys = options.pop('use_natural_foreign_keys', False) or self.use_natural_keys
        self.use_natural_primary_keys = options.pop('use_natural_primary_keys', False)

        self.start_serialization()
        self.first = True
        for obj in queryset:
            self.start_object(obj)
            # Use the concrete parent class' _meta instead of the object's _meta
            # This is to avoid local_fields problems for proxy models. Refs #17717.
            concrete_model = obj._meta.concrete_model
            for field in concrete_model._meta.local_fields:
                if field.serialize:
                    if field.rel is None:
                        if self.selected_fields is None or field.attname in self.selected_fields:
                            self.handle_field(obj, field)
                    else:
                        if self.selected_fields is None or field.attname[:-3] in self.selected_fields:
                            self.handle_fk_field(obj, field)
            for field in concrete_model._meta.many_to_many:
                if field.serialize:
                    if self.selected_fields is None or field.attname in self.selected_fields:
                        self.handle_m2m_field(obj, field)
            self.end_object(obj)
            if self.first:
                self.first = False
        self.end_serialization()
        return self.getvalue()

    def start_serialization(self):
        """
        Called when serializing of the queryset starts.
        """
        raise NotImplementedError('subclasses of Serializer must provide a start_serialization() method')

    def end_serialization(self):
        """
        Called when serializing of the queryset ends.
        """
        pass

    def start_object(self, obj):
        """
        Called when serializing of an object starts.
        """
        raise NotImplementedError('subclasses of Serializer must provide a start_object() method')

    def end_object(self, obj):
        """
        Called when serializing of an object ends.
        """
        pass

    def handle_field(self, obj, field):
        """
        Called to handle each individual (non-relational) field on an object.
        """
        raise NotImplementedError('subclasses of Serializer must provide an handle_field() method')

    def handle_fk_field(self, obj, field):
        """
        Called to handle a ForeignKey field.
        """
        raise NotImplementedError('subclasses of Serializer must provide an handle_fk_field() method')

    def handle_m2m_field(self, obj, field):
        """
        Called to handle a ManyToManyField.
        """
        raise NotImplementedError('subclasses of Serializer must provide an handle_m2m_field() method')

    def getvalue(self):
        """
        Return the fully serialized queryset (or None if the output stream is
        not seekable).
        """
        if callable(getattr(self.stream, 'getvalue', None)):
            return self.stream.getvalue()


class Deserializer(six.Iterator):
    """
    Abstract base deserializer class.
    """

    def __init__(self, stream_or_string, **options):
        """
        Init this serializer given a stream or a string
        """
        self.options = options
        if isinstance(stream_or_string, six.string_types):
            self.stream = six.StringIO(stream_or_string)
        else:
            self.stream = stream_or_string
        # hack to make sure that the models have all been loaded before
        # deserialization starts (otherwise subclass calls to get_model()
        # and friends might fail...)
        app_cache.get_apps()

    def __iter__(self):
        return self

    def __next__(self):
        """Iteration iterface -- return the next item in the stream"""
        raise NotImplementedError('subclasses of Deserializer must provide a __next__() method')


class DeserializedObject(object):
    """
    A deserialized model.

    Basically a container for holding the pre-saved deserialized data along
    with the many-to-many data saved with the object.

    Call ``save()`` to save the object (with the many-to-many data) to the
    database; call ``save(save_m2m=False)`` to save just the object fields
    (and not touch the many-to-many stuff.)
    """

    def __init__(self, obj, m2m_data=None):
        self.object = obj
        self.m2m_data = m2m_data

    def __repr__(self):
        return "<DeserializedObject: %s.%s(pk=%s)>" % (
            self.object._meta.app_label, self.object._meta.object_name, self.object.pk)

    def save(self, save_m2m=True, using=None):
        # Call save on the Model baseclass directly. This bypasses any
        # model-defined save. The save is also forced to be raw.
        # raw=True is passed to any pre/post_save signals.
        models.Model.save_base(self.object, using=using, raw=True)
        if self.m2m_data and save_m2m:
            for accessor_name, object_list in self.m2m_data.items():
                setattr(self.object, accessor_name, object_list)

        # prevent a second (possibly accidental) call to save() from saving
        # the m2m data twice.
        self.m2m_data = None


def build_instance(Model, data, db):
    """
    Build a model instance.

    If the model instance doesn't have a primary key and the model supports
    natural keys, try to retrieve it from the database.
    """
    obj = Model(**data)
    if (obj.pk is None and hasattr(Model, 'natural_key') and
            hasattr(Model._default_manager, 'get_by_natural_key')):
        natural_key = obj.natural_key()
        try:
            obj.pk = Model._default_manager.db_manager(db).get_by_natural_key(*natural_key).pk
        except Model.DoesNotExist:
            pass
    return obj