angular.js/src/Deferred.js

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'use strict';
/**
* @ngdoc service
* @name angular.module.ng.$q
* @requires $rootScope
*
* @description
* A promise/deferred implementation inspired by [Kris Kowal's Q](https://github.com/kriskowal/q).
*
* [The CommonJS Promise proposal](http://wiki.commonjs.org/wiki/Promises) describes a promise as an
* interface for interacting with an object that represents the result of an action that is
* performed asynchronously, and may or may not be finished at any given point in time.
*
* From the perspective of dealing with error handling, deferred and promise apis are to
* asynchronous programing what `try`, `catch` and `throw` keywords are to synchronous programing.
*
* <pre>
* // for the purpose of this example let's assume that variables `$q` and `scope` are
* // available in the current lexical scope (they could have been injected or passed in).
*
* function asyncGreet(name) {
* var deferred = $q.defer();
*
* setTimeout(function() {
* // since this fn executes async in a future turn of the event loop, we need to wrap
* // our code into an $apply call so that the model changes are properly observed.
* scope.$apply(function() {
* if (okToGreet(name)) {
* deferred.resolve('Hello, ' + name + '!');
* } else {
* deferred.reject('Greeting ' + name + ' is not allowed.');
* }
* });
* }, 1000);
*
* return deferred.promise;
* }
*
* var promise = asyncGreet('Robin Hood');
* promise.then(function(greeting) {
* alert('Success: ' + greeting);
* }, function(reason) {
* alert('Failed: ' + reason);
* );
* </pre>
*
* At first it might not be obvious why this extra complexity is worth the trouble. The payoff
* comes in the way of
* [guarantees that promise and deferred apis make](https://github.com/kriskowal/uncommonjs/blob/master/promises/specification.md).
*
* Additionally the promise api allows for composition that is very hard to do with the
* traditional callback ([CPS](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuation-passing_style)) approach.
* For more on this please see the [Q documentation](https://github.com/kriskowal/q) especially the
* section on serial or parallel joining of promises.
*
*
* # The Deferred API
*
* A new instance of deferred is constructed by calling `$q.defer()`.
*
* The purpose of the deferred object is to expose the associated Promise instance as well as apis
* that can be used for signaling the successful or unsuccessful completion of the task.
*
* **Methods**
*
* - `resolve(value)` resolves the derived promise with the `value`. If the value is a rejection
* constructed via `$q.reject`, the promise will be rejected instead.
* - `reject(reason)` rejects the derived promise with the `reason`. This is equivalent to
* resolving it with a rejection constructed via `$q.reject`.
*
* **Properties**
*
* - promise `{Promise}` promise object associated with this deferred.
*
*
* # The Promise API
*
* A new promise instance is created when a deferred instance is created and can be retrieved by
* calling `deferred.promise`.
*
* The purpose of the promise object is to allow for interested parties to get access to the result
* of the deferred task when it completes.
*
* **Methods**
*
* - `then(successCallback, errorCallback)` regardless of when the promise was or will be resolved
* or rejected calls one of the success or error callbacks asynchronously as soon as the result
* is available. The callbacks are called with a single argument the result or rejection reason.
*
* This method *returns a new promise* which is resolved or rejected via the return value of the
* `successCallback` or `errorCallback`.
*
*
* # Chaining promises
*
* Because calling `then` api of a promise returns a new derived promise, it is easily possible
* to create a chain of promises:
*
* <pre>
* promiseB = promiseA.then(function(result) {
* return result + 1;
* });
*
* // promiseB will be resolved immediately after promiseA is resolved and it's value will be
* // the result of promiseA incremented by 1
* </pre>
*
* It is possible to create chains of any length and since a promise can be resolved with another
* promise (which will defer its resolution further), it is possible to pause/defer resolution of
* the promises at any point in the chain. This makes it possible to implement powerful apis like
* $http's response interceptors.
*
*
* # Differences between Kris Kowal's Q and $q
*
* There are three main differences:
*
* - $q is integrated with the {@link angular.module.ng.$rootScope.Scope} Scope model observation
* mechanism in angular, which means faster propagation of resolution or rejection into your
* models and avoiding unnecessary browser repaints, which would result in flickering UI.
* - $q promises are recognized by the templating engine in angular, which means that in templates
* you can treat promises attached to a scope as if they were the resulting values.
* - Q has many more features that $q, but that comes at a cost of bytes. $q is tiny, but contains
* all the important functionality needed for common async tasks.
*/
function $QProvider() {
this.$get = ['$rootScope', '$exceptionHandler', function($rootScope, $exceptionHandler) {
return qFactory(function(callback) {
$rootScope.$evalAsync(callback);
}, $exceptionHandler);
}];
}
/**
* Constructs a promise manager.
*
* @param {function(function)} nextTick Function for executing functions in the next turn.
* @param {function(...*)} exceptionHandler Function into which unexpected exceptions are passed for
* debugging purposes.
* @returns {object} Promise manager.
*/
function qFactory(nextTick, exceptionHandler) {
/**
* @ngdoc
* @name angular.module.ng.$q#defer
* @methodOf angular.module.ng.$q
* @description
* Creates a `Deferred` object which represents a task which will finish in the future.
*
* @returns {Deferred} Returns a new instance of deferred.
*/
var defer = function() {
var pending = [],
value, deferred;
deferred = {
resolve: function(val) {
if (pending) {
var callbacks = pending;
pending = undefined;
value = ref(val);
if (callbacks.length) {
nextTick(function() {
var callback;
for (var i = 0, ii = callbacks.length; i < ii; i++) {
callback = callbacks[i];
value.then(callback[0], callback[1]);
}
});
}
}
},
reject: function(reason) {
deferred.resolve(reject(reason));
},
promise: {
then: function(callback, errback) {
var result = defer();
var wrappedCallback = function(value) {
try {
result.resolve((callback || defaultCallback)(value));
} catch(e) {
exceptionHandler(e);
result.reject(e);
}
};
var wrappedErrback = function(reason) {
try {
result.resolve((errback || defaultErrback)(reason));
} catch(e) {
exceptionHandler(e);
result.reject(e);
}
};
if (pending) {
pending.push([wrappedCallback, wrappedErrback]);
} else {
value.then(wrappedCallback, wrappedErrback);
}
return result.promise;
}
}
};
return deferred;
};
var ref = function(value) {
if (value && value.then) return value;
return {
then: function(callback) {
var result = defer();
nextTick(function() {
result.resolve(callback(value));
});
return result.promise;
}
};
};
/**
* @ngdoc
* @name angular.module.ng.$q#reject
* @methodOf angular.module.ng.$q
* @description
* Creates a promise that is resolved as rejected with the specified `reason`. This api should be
* used to forward rejection in a chain of promises. If you are dealing with the last promise in
* a promise chain, you don't need to worry about it.
*
* When comparing deferreds/promises to the familiar behavior of try/catch/throw, think of
* `reject` as the `throw` keyword in JavaScript. This also means that if you "catch" an error via
* a promise error callback and you want to forward the error to the promise derived from the
* current promise, you have to "rethrow" the error by returning a rejection constructed via
* `reject`.
*
* <pre>
* promiseB = promiseA.then(function(result) {
* // success: do something and resolve promiseB
* // with the old or a new result
* return result;
* }, function(reason) {
* // error: handle the error if possible and
* // resolve promiseB with newPromiseOrValue,
* // otherwise forward the rejection to promiseB
* if (canHandle(reason)) {
* // handle the error and recover
* return newPromiseOrValue;
* }
* return $q.reject(reason);
* });
* </pre>
*
* @param {*} reason Constant, message, exception or an object representing the rejection reason.
* @returns {Promise} Returns a promise that was already resolved as rejected with the `reason`.
*/
var reject = function(reason) {
return {
then: function(callback, errback) {
var result = defer();
nextTick(function() {
result.resolve(errback(reason));
});
return result.promise;
}
};
};
/**
* @ngdoc
* @name angular.module.ng.$q#when
* @methodOf angular.module.ng.$q
* @description
* Wraps an object that might be a value or a (3rd party) then-able promise into a $q promise.
* This is useful when you are dealing with on object that might or might not be a promise, or if
* the promise comes from a source that can't be trusted.
*
* @param {*} value Value or a promise
* @returns {Promise} Returns a single promise that will be resolved with an array of values,
* each value coresponding to the promise at the same index in the `promises` array. If any of
* the promises is resolved with a rejection, this resulting promise will be resolved with the
* same rejection.
*/
var when = function(value, callback, errback) {
var result = defer(),
done;
var wrappedCallback = function(value) {
try {
return (callback || defaultCallback)(value);
} catch (e) {
exceptionHandler(e);
return reject(e);
}
};
var wrappedErrback = function(reason) {
try {
return (errback || defaultErrback)(reason);
} catch (e) {
exceptionHandler(e);
return reject(e);
}
};
nextTick(function() {
ref(value).then(function(value) {
if (done) return;
done = true;
result.resolve(ref(value).then(wrappedCallback, wrappedErrback));
}, function(reason) {
if (done) return;
done = true;
result.resolve(wrappedErrback(reason));
});
});
return result.promise;
};
function defaultCallback(value) {
return value;
}
function defaultErrback(reason) {
return reject(reason);
}
/**
* @ngdoc
* @name angular.module.ng.$q#all
* @methodOf angular.module.ng.$q
* @description
* Combines multiple promises into a single promise that is resolved when all of the input
* promises are resolved.
*
* @param {Array.<Promise>} promises An array of promises.
* @returns {Promise} Returns a single promise that will be resolved with an array of values,
* each value coresponding to the promise at the same index in the `promises` array. If any of
* the promises is resolved with a rejection, this resulting promise will be resolved with the
* same rejection.
*/
function all(promises) {
var deferred = defer(),
counter = promises.length,
results = [];
forEach(promises, function(promise, index) {
promise.then(function(value) {
if (index in results) return;
results[index] = value;
if (!(--counter)) deferred.resolve(results);
}, function(reason) {
if (index in results) return;
deferred.reject(reason);
});
});
return deferred.promise;
}
return {
defer: defer,
reject: reject,
when: when,
all: all
};
}