Update Code of Conduct (#661)

Ref: #660

.coveragerc

@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 [run]
 source = constance
 branch = 1
+omit =
+    */pytest.py
+    */tests/*
 
 [report]
-omit = *tests*,*migrations*
+omit = *tests*,*migrations*,.tox/*,setup.py,*settings.py

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE.md

@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
 ### Describe the problem
 
-Tell us about the problem you're having
+Tell us about the problem you're having.
 
 ### Steps to reproduce
 
-Tell us how to reproduce it
+Tell us how to reproduce it.
 
 ### System configuration
 
 * Django version:
 * Python version:
+* Django-Constance version:

.github/dependabot.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# To get started with Dependabot version updates, you'll need to specify which
+# package ecosystems to update and where the package manifests are located.
+# Please see the documentation for all configuration options:
+# https://docs.github.com/github/administering-a-repository/configuration-options-for-dependency-updates
+
+version: 2
+updates:
+  - package-ecosystem: "github-actions"
+    directory: "/"
+    schedule:
+      interval: "monthly"
+    commit-message:
+      prefix: "chore(ci): "
+    groups:
+      github-actions:
+        patterns:
+          - "*"
+    open-pull-requests-limit: 1

.github/workflows/docs.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+name: Docs
+
+on: [push, pull_request]
+
+jobs:
+  docs:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+
+      - name: Set up Python
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v6
+        with:
+          python-version: '3.12'
+          cache: 'pip'
+          cache-dependency-path: 'docs/requirements.txt'
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        run: pip install -r docs/requirements.txt
+
+      - name: Build docs
+        run: |
+          cd docs
+          make html

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+name: Release
+
+on:
+  push:
+    tags:
+    - '*'
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+    if: github.repository == 'jazzband/django-constance'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+
+      - name: Set up Python
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v6
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        run: |
+          python -m pip install -U pip
+          python -m pip install -U build setuptools twine wheel
+
+      - name: Build package
+        run: |
+          python -m build
+          twine check dist/*
+
+      - name: Upload packages to Jazzband
+        if: github.event_name == 'push' && startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags')
+        uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@v1.13.0
+        with:
+          user: jazzband
+          password: ${{ secrets.JAZZBAND_RELEASE_KEY }}
+          repository_url: https://jazzband.co/projects/django-constance/upload

.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+name: Test
+
+on: [push, pull_request]
+
+jobs:
+  ruff-format:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+      - uses: chartboost/ruff-action@v1
+        with:
+          version: 0.5.0
+          args: 'format --check'
+
+  ruff-lint:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 1
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+      - uses: chartboost/ruff-action@v1
+        with:
+          version: 0.5.0
+
+  build:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      max-parallel: 5
+      matrix:
+        python-version: ['3.8', '3.9', '3.10', '3.11', '3.12', '3.13', '3.14']
+
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+
+    - name: Set up Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
+      uses: actions/setup-python@v6
+      with:
+        python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
+        cache: 'pip'
+
+    - name: Install dependencies
+      run: |
+        python -m pip install --upgrade pip
+        python -m pip install --upgrade tox tox-gh-actions
+
+    - name: Tox tests
+      run: |
+        tox -v
+
+    - name: Upload coverage
+      uses: codecov/codecov-action@v5
+      with:
+        name: Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}

.gitignore

@@ -7,4 +7,7 @@ dist/
 test.db
 .tox
 .coverage
+coverage.xml
 docs/_build
+.idea
+constance/_version.py

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+repos:
+  - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/pygrep-hooks
+    rev: v1.10.0
+    hooks:
+      - id: python-check-blanket-noqa
+
+  - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/pre-commit-hooks
+    rev: v6.0.0
+    hooks:
+      - id: check-merge-conflict
+      - id: check-yaml
+
+  - repo: https://github.com/asottile/pyupgrade
+    rev: v3.21.2
+    hooks:
+      - id: pyupgrade
+        args: [ --py38-plus ]
+
+exclude: /migrations/
+
+ci:
+  autoupdate_schedule: quarterly

.readthedocs.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# Read the Docs configuration file
+# See https://docs.readthedocs.io/en/stable/config-file/v2.html for details
+
+version: 2
+
+build:
+  os: ubuntu-lts-latest
+  tools:
+    python: "3.12"
+
+sphinx:
+  configuration: docs/conf.py
+
+python:
+  install:
+    - requirements: docs/requirements.txt
+    - method: pip
+      path: .

.travis.yml

@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-sudo: false
-language: python
-cache: pip
-python:
-- 2.7
-- 3.4
-- 3.5
-- 3.6
-- pypy
-install: pip install tox-travis
-script: tox
-deploy:
-  provider: pypi
-  user: jazzband
-  server: https://jazzband.co/projects/django-constance/upload
-  distributions: sdist bdist_wheel
-  password:
-    secure: fvFbH0oZGYDad2rik7v0L+G4ItH0g/2v8hoBSajeyt/nEyoEShTh2xBwo5413NGkDaIYtYpP/MVqBy02uMc8oSNgh/rS1tIjiIKE77/YJNuZHyQXnZ+90JA+yGaJc5dOyd4G3szEp2Zzi18ov2KkCt37/arObu8bEbChWaEoJqI=
-  on:
-    tags: true
-    repo: jazzband/django-constance
-    python: 3.6

.tx/config

@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-[main]
-host = https://www.transifex.com
-lang_map = sr@latin:sr_Latn
-
-[django-constance.main]
-file_filter = constance/locale/<lang>/LC_MESSAGES/django.po
-source_file = constance/locale/en/LC_MESSAGES/django.po
-source_lang = en

AUTHORS

@@ -1,13 +1,18 @@
 Ales Zoulek <ales.zoulek@gmail.com>
-Alexander frenzel <alex@relatedworks.com>
+Alexander Frenzel <alex@relatedworks.com>
+Alexandr Artemyev <mogost@gmail.com>
 Bouke Haarsma <bouke@webatoom.nl>
 Camilo Nova <camilo.nova@gmail.com>
 Charlie Hornsby <charlie.hornsby@hotmail.co.uk>
 Curtis Maloney <curtis@tinbrain.net>
 Dan Poirier <dpoirier@caktusgroup.com>
 David Burke <dmbst32@gmail.com>
+Dmitriy Tatarkin <mail@dtatarkin.ru>
+Elisey Zanko <elisey.zanko@gmail.com>
 Florian Apolloner <florian@apolloner.eu>
 Igor Támara <igor@axiacore.com>
+Ilya Chichak <ilyachch@gmail.com>
+Ivan Klass <klass.ivanklass@gmail.com>
 Jake Merdich <jmerdich@users.noreply.github.com>
 Jannis Leidel <jannis@leidel.info>
 Janusz Harkot <janusz.harkot@gmail.com>
@@ -27,10 +32,12 @@ Merijn Bertels <merijn.bertels@gmail.com>
 Omer Katz <omer.drow@gmail.com>
 Petr Knap <dev@petrknap.cz>
 Philip Neustrom <philipn@gmail.com>
+Philipp Thumfart <philipp@thumfart.eu>
 Pierre-Olivier Marec <pomarec@free.fr>
 Roman Krejcik <farin@farin.cz>
 Silvan Spross <silvan.spross@gmail.com>
 Sławek Ehlert <slafs@op.pl>
+Vladas Tamoshaitis <amd.vladas@gmail.com>
 Vojtech Jasny <voy@voy.cz>
 Yin Jifeng <jifeng.yin@gmail.com>
 illumin-us-r3v0lution <luminaries@riseup.net>

CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# Django Constance Code of Conduct
+
+The django-constance project utilizes the [Django Commons Code of Conduct](https://github.com/django-commons/membership/blob/main/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md).

README.rst

@@ -1,14 +1,22 @@
 Constance - Dynamic Django settings
 ===================================
 
-.. image:: https://secure.travis-ci.org/jazzband/django-constance.svg
-    :alt: Build Status
-    :target: http://travis-ci.org/jazzband/django-constance
-
 .. image:: https://jazzband.co/static/img/badge.svg
    :alt: Jazzband
    :target: https://jazzband.co/
 
+.. image:: https://img.shields.io/readthedocs/django-constance.svg
+   :target: https://django-constance.readthedocs.io/
+   :alt: Documentation
+
+.. image:: https://github.com/jazzband/django-constance/workflows/Test/badge.svg
+   :target: https://github.com/jazzband/django-constance/actions
+   :alt: GitHub Actions
+
+.. image:: https://codecov.io/gh/jazzband/django-constance/branch/master/graph/badge.svg
+   :target: https://codecov.io/gh/jazzband/django-constance
+   :alt: Coverage
+
 A Django app for storing dynamic settings in pluggable backends (Redis and
 Django model backend built in) with an integration with the Django admin app.
 

constance/__init__.py

@@ -1,13 +1,10 @@
 from django.utils.functional import LazyObject
 
-__version__ = '2.3.0'
-
-default_app_config = 'constance.apps.ConstanceConfig'
-
 
 class LazyConfig(LazyObject):
     def _setup(self):
         from .base import Config
+
         self._wrapped = Config()
 
 

constance/admin.py

@@ -1,284 +1,157 @@
+import json
 from collections import OrderedDict
-from datetime import datetime, date, time, timedelta
-from decimal import Decimal
+from datetime import date
+from datetime import datetime
 from operator import itemgetter
-import hashlib
-import os
 
-from django import forms, VERSION
+from django import forms
+from django import get_version
 from django.apps import apps
-from django.conf import settings as django_settings
-from django.conf.urls import url
-from django.contrib import admin, messages
-from django.contrib.admin import widgets
+from django.contrib import admin
+from django.contrib import messages
 from django.contrib.admin.options import csrf_protect_m
-from django.core.exceptions import PermissionDenied, ImproperlyConfigured
-from django.forms import fields
+from django.core.exceptions import PermissionDenied
 from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect
 from django.template.response import TemplateResponse
-from django.utils import six
-from django.utils.encoding import smart_bytes
+from django.urls import path
 from django.utils.formats import localize
-from django.utils.module_loading import import_string
-from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
-
-from . import LazyConfig, settings
+from django.utils.translation import gettext_lazy as _
 
+from . import LazyConfig
+from . import settings
+from .forms import ConstanceForm
+from .utils import get_values
 
 config = LazyConfig()
 
 
-NUMERIC_WIDGET = forms.TextInput(attrs={'size': 10})
-
-INTEGER_LIKE = (fields.IntegerField, {'widget': NUMERIC_WIDGET})
-STRING_LIKE = (fields.CharField, {
-    'widget': forms.Textarea(attrs={'rows': 3}),
-    'required': False,
-})
-
-FIELDS = {
-    bool: (fields.BooleanField, {'required': False}),
-    int: INTEGER_LIKE,
-    Decimal: (fields.DecimalField, {'widget': NUMERIC_WIDGET}),
-    str: STRING_LIKE,
-    datetime: (
-        fields.SplitDateTimeField, {'widget': widgets.AdminSplitDateTime}
-    ),
-    timedelta: (
-        fields.DurationField, {'widget': widgets.AdminTextInputWidget}
-    ),
-    date: (fields.DateField, {'widget': widgets.AdminDateWidget}),
-    time: (fields.TimeField, {'widget': widgets.AdminTimeWidget}),
-    float: (fields.FloatField, {'widget': NUMERIC_WIDGET}),
-}
-
-
-def parse_additional_fields(fields):
-    for key in fields:
-        field = list(fields[key])
-
-        if len(field) == 1:
-            field.append({})
-
-        field[0] = import_string(field[0])
-
-        if 'widget' in field[1]:
-            klass = import_string(field[1]['widget'])
-            field[1]['widget'] = klass(
-                **(field[1].get('widget_kwargs', {}) or {})
-            )
-
-            if 'widget_kwargs' in field[1]:
-                del field[1]['widget_kwargs']
-
-        fields[key] = field
-
-    return fields
-
-
-FIELDS.update(parse_additional_fields(settings.ADDITIONAL_FIELDS))
-
-if not six.PY3:
-    FIELDS.update({
-        long: INTEGER_LIKE,
-        unicode: STRING_LIKE,
-    })
-
-
-def get_values():
-    """
-    Get dictionary of values from the backend
-    :return:
-    """
-
-    # First load a mapping between config name and default value
-    default_initial = ((name, options[0])
-                       for name, options in settings.CONFIG.items())
-    # Then update the mapping with actually values from the backend
-    initial = dict(default_initial, **dict(config._backend.mget(settings.CONFIG)))
-
-    return initial
-
-
-class ConstanceForm(forms.Form):
-    version = forms.CharField(widget=forms.HiddenInput)
-
-    def __init__(self, initial, *args, **kwargs):
-        super(ConstanceForm, self).__init__(*args, initial=initial, **kwargs)
-        version_hash = hashlib.md5()
-
-        for name, options in settings.CONFIG.items():
-            default = options[0]
-            if len(options) == 3:
-                config_type = options[2]
-                if config_type not in settings.ADDITIONAL_FIELDS and not isinstance(default, config_type):
-                    raise ImproperlyConfigured(_("Default value type must be "
-                                                 "equal to declared config "
-                                                 "parameter type. Please fix "
-                                                 "the default value of "
-                                                 "'%(name)s'.")
-                                               % {'name': name})
-            else:
-                config_type = type(default)
-
-            if config_type not in FIELDS:
-                raise ImproperlyConfigured(_("Constance doesn't support "
-                                             "config values of the type "
-                                             "%(config_type)s. Please fix "
-                                             "the value of '%(name)s'.")
-                                           % {'config_type': config_type,
-                                              'name': name})
-            field_class, kwargs = FIELDS[config_type]
-            self.fields[name] = field_class(label=name, **kwargs)
-
-            version_hash.update(smart_bytes(initial.get(name, '')))
-        self.initial['version'] = version_hash.hexdigest()
-
-    def save(self):
-        for file_field in self.files:
-            file = self.cleaned_data[file_field]
-            file_path = os.path.join(django_settings.MEDIA_ROOT, file.name)
-            with open(file_path, 'wb+') as destination:
-                for chunk in file.chunks():
-                    destination.write(chunk)
-                self.cleaned_data[file_field] = file.name
-
-        for name in settings.CONFIG:
-            if getattr(config, name) != self.cleaned_data[name]:
-                setattr(config, name, self.cleaned_data[name])
-
-    def clean_version(self):
-        value = self.cleaned_data['version']
-
-        if settings.IGNORE_ADMIN_VERSION_CHECK:
-            return value
-
-        if value != self.initial['version']:
-            raise forms.ValidationError(_('The settings have been modified '
-                                          'by someone else. Please reload the '
-                                          'form and resubmit your changes.'))
-        return value
-
-    def clean(self):
-        cleaned_data = super(ConstanceForm, self).clean()
-
-        if not settings.CONFIG_FIELDSETS:
-            return cleaned_data
-
-        field_name_list = []
-        for fieldset_title, fields_list in settings.CONFIG_FIELDSETS.items():
-            for field_name in fields_list:
-                field_name_list.append(field_name)
-        if field_name_list and set(set(settings.CONFIG.keys()) - set(field_name_list)):
-            raise forms.ValidationError(_('CONSTANCE_CONFIG_FIELDSETS is missing '
-                                          'field(s) that exists in CONSTANCE_CONFIG.'))
-
-        return cleaned_data
-
-
 class ConstanceAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
-    change_list_template = 'admin/constance/change_list.html'
+    change_list_template = "admin/constance/change_list.html"
     change_list_form = ConstanceForm
 
+    def __init__(self, model, admin_site):
+        model._meta.concrete_model = Config
+        super().__init__(model, admin_site)
+
     def get_urls(self):
-        info = self.model._meta.app_label, self.model._meta.module_name
+        info = f"{self.model._meta.app_label}_{self.model._meta.module_name}"
         return [
-            url(r'^$',
-                self.admin_site.admin_view(self.changelist_view),
-                name='%s_%s_changelist' % info),
-            url(r'^$',
-                self.admin_site.admin_view(self.changelist_view),
-                name='%s_%s_add' % info),
+            path("", self.admin_site.admin_view(self.changelist_view), name=f"{info}_changelist"),
+            path("", self.admin_site.admin_view(self.changelist_view), name=f"{info}_add"),
         ]
 
     def get_config_value(self, name, options, form, initial):
         default, help_text = options[0], options[1]
+        field_type = None
+        if len(options) == 3:
+            field_type = options[2]
         # First try to load the value from the actual backend
         value = initial.get(name)
         # Then if the returned value is None, get the default
         if value is None:
             value = getattr(config, name)
+
+        form_field = form[name]
         config_value = {
-            'name': name,
-            'default': localize(default),
-            'raw_default': default,
-            'help_text': _(help_text),
-            'value': localize(value),
-            'modified': localize(value) != localize(default),
-            'form_field': form[name],
-            'is_date': isinstance(default, date),
-            'is_datetime': isinstance(default, datetime),
-            'is_checkbox': isinstance(form[name].field.widget, forms.CheckboxInput),
-            'is_file': isinstance(form[name].field.widget, forms.FileInput),
+            "name": name,
+            "default": localize(default),
+            "raw_default": default,
+            "help_text": _(help_text),
+            "value": localize(value),
+            "modified": localize(value) != localize(default),
+            "form_field": form_field,
+            "is_date": isinstance(default, date),
+            "is_datetime": isinstance(default, datetime),
+            "is_checkbox": isinstance(form_field.field.widget, forms.CheckboxInput),
+            "is_multi_select": isinstance(
+                form_field.field.widget, (forms.SelectMultiple, forms.CheckboxSelectMultiple)
+            ),
+            "is_file": isinstance(form_field.field.widget, forms.FileInput),
         }
+        if config_value["is_multi_select"]:
+            config_value["json_default"] = json.dumps(default if isinstance(default, list) else [default])
+        if field_type and field_type in settings.ADDITIONAL_FIELDS:
+            serialized_default = form[name].field.prepare_value(default)
+            config_value["default"] = serialized_default
+            config_value["raw_default"] = serialized_default
+            config_value["value"] = form[name].field.prepare_value(value)
 
         return config_value
 
     def get_changelist_form(self, request):
-        """
-        Returns a Form class for use in the changelist_view.
-        """
+        """Returns a Form class for use in the changelist_view."""
         # Defaults to self.change_list_form in order to preserve backward
         # compatibility
         return self.change_list_form
 
     @csrf_protect_m
     def changelist_view(self, request, extra_context=None):
-        if not self.has_change_permission(request, None):
+        if not self.has_view_or_change_permission(request):
             raise PermissionDenied
         initial = get_values()
         form_cls = self.get_changelist_form(request)
-        form = form_cls(initial=initial)
-        if request.method == 'POST':
-            form = form_cls(
-                data=request.POST, files=request.FILES, initial=initial
-            )
+        form = form_cls(initial=initial, request=request)
+        if request.method == "POST" and request.user.has_perm("constance.change_config"):
+            form = form_cls(data=request.POST, files=request.FILES, initial=initial, request=request)
             if form.is_valid():
                 form.save()
-                messages.add_message(
-                    request,
-                    messages.SUCCESS,
-                    _('Live settings updated successfully.'),
-                )
-                return HttpResponseRedirect('.')
-        context = dict(
-            self.admin_site.each_context(request),
-            config_values=[],
-            title=self.model._meta.app_config.verbose_name,
-            app_label='constance',
-            opts=self.model._meta,
-            form=form,
-            media=self.media + form.media,
-            icon_type='gif' if VERSION < (1, 9) else 'svg',
-        )
+                messages.add_message(request, messages.SUCCESS, _("Live settings updated successfully."))
+                return HttpResponseRedirect(".")
+            messages.add_message(request, messages.ERROR, _("Failed to update live settings."))
+        context = {
+            **self.admin_site.each_context(request),
+            **(extra_context or {}),
+            "config_values": [],
+            "title": self.model._meta.app_config.verbose_name,
+            "app_label": "constance",
+            "opts": self.model._meta,
+            "form": form,
+            "media": self.media + form.media,
+            "icon_type": "svg",
+            "django_version": get_version(),
+        }
         for name, options in settings.CONFIG.items():
-            context['config_values'].append(
-                self.get_config_value(name, options, form, initial)
-            )
+            context["config_values"].append(self.get_config_value(name, options, form, initial))
 
         if settings.CONFIG_FIELDSETS:
-            context['fieldsets'] = []
-            for fieldset_title, fields_list in settings.CONFIG_FIELDSETS.items():
-                fields_exist = all(field in settings.CONFIG for field in fields_list)
-                assert fields_exist, "CONSTANCE_CONFIG_FIELDSETS contains field(s) that does not exist"
+            if isinstance(settings.CONFIG_FIELDSETS, dict):
+                fieldset_items = settings.CONFIG_FIELDSETS.items()
+            else:
+                fieldset_items = settings.CONFIG_FIELDSETS
+
+            context["fieldsets"] = []
+            for fieldset_title, fieldset_data in fieldset_items:
+                if isinstance(fieldset_data, dict):
+                    fields_list = fieldset_data["fields"]
+                    collapse = fieldset_data.get("collapse", False)
+                else:
+                    fields_list = fieldset_data
+                    collapse = False
+
+                absent_fields = [field for field in fields_list if field not in settings.CONFIG]
+                if any(absent_fields):
+                    raise ValueError(
+                        "CONSTANCE_CONFIG_FIELDSETS contains field(s) that does not exist(s): {}".format(
+                            ", ".join(absent_fields)
+                        )
+                    )
+
                 config_values = []
 
                 for name in fields_list:
                     options = settings.CONFIG.get(name)
                     if options:
-                        config_values.append(
-                            self.get_config_value(name, options, form, initial)
-                        )
+                        config_values.append(self.get_config_value(name, options, form, initial))
+                fieldset_context = {"title": fieldset_title, "config_values": config_values}
 
-                context['fieldsets'].append({
-                    'title': fieldset_title,
-                    'config_values': config_values
-                })
-            if not isinstance(settings.CONFIG_FIELDSETS, OrderedDict):
-                context['fieldsets'].sort(key=itemgetter('title'))
+                if collapse:
+                    fieldset_context["collapse"] = True
+                context["fieldsets"].append(fieldset_context)
+            if not isinstance(settings.CONFIG_FIELDSETS, (OrderedDict, tuple)):
+                context["fieldsets"].sort(key=itemgetter("title"))
 
         if not isinstance(settings.CONFIG, OrderedDict):
-            context['config_values'].sort(key=itemgetter('name'))
+            context["config_values"].sort(key=itemgetter("name"))
         request.current_app = self.admin_site.name
         return TemplateResponse(request, self.change_list_template, context)
 
@@ -291,23 +164,25 @@ class ConstanceAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
     def has_change_permission(self, request, obj=None):
         if settings.SUPERUSER_ONLY:
             return request.user.is_superuser
-        return super(ConstanceAdmin, self).has_change_permission(request, obj)
+        return super().has_change_permission(request, obj)
 
 
-class Config(object):
-    class Meta(object):
-        app_label = 'constance'
-        object_name = 'Config'
-        model_name = module_name = 'config'
-        verbose_name_plural = _('config')
+class Config:
+    class Meta:
+        app_label = "constance"
+        object_name = "Config"
+        concrete_model = None
+        model_name = module_name = "config"
+        verbose_name_plural = _("config")
         abstract = False
         swapped = False
+        is_composite_pk = False
 
         def get_ordered_objects(self):
             return False
 
         def get_change_permission(self):
-            return 'change_%s' % self.model_name
+            return f"change_{self.model_name}"
 
         @property
         def app_config(self):
@@ -315,11 +190,11 @@ class Config(object):
 
         @property
         def label(self):
-            return '%s.%s' % (self.app_label, self.object_name)
+            return f"{self.app_label}.{self.object_name}"
 
         @property
         def label_lower(self):
-            return '%s.%s' % (self.app_label, self.model_name)
+            return f"{self.app_label}.{self.model_name}"
 
     _meta = Meta()
 

constance/apps.py

@@ -1,35 +1,14 @@
-from django.db.models import signals
 from django.apps import AppConfig
+from django.core import checks
+from django.utils.translation import gettext_lazy as _
+
+from constance.checks import check_fieldsets
 
 
 class ConstanceConfig(AppConfig):
-    name = 'constance'
-    verbose_name = 'Constance'
+    name = "constance"
+    verbose_name = _("Constance")
+    default_auto_field = "django.db.models.AutoField"
 
     def ready(self):
-        super(ConstanceConfig, self).ready()
-        signals.post_migrate.connect(self.create_perm,
-                                     dispatch_uid='constance.create_perm')
-
-    def create_perm(self, using=None, *args, **kwargs):
-        """
-        Creates a fake content type and permission
-        to be able to check for permissions
-        """
-        from django.conf import settings
-        from django.contrib.auth.models import Permission
-        from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType
-
-        constance_dbs = getattr(settings, 'CONSTANCE_DBS', None)
-        if constance_dbs is not None and using not in constance_dbs:
-            return
-        if ContentType._meta.installed and Permission._meta.installed:
-            content_type, created = ContentType.objects.using(using).get_or_create(
-                app_label='constance',
-                model='config',
-            )
-
-            permission, created = Permission.objects.using(using).get_or_create(
-                content_type=content_type,
-                codename='change_config',
-                defaults={'name': 'Can change config'})
+        checks.register(check_fieldsets, "constance")

constance/backends/__init__.py

@@ -1,26 +1,50 @@
-"""
-Defines the base constance backend
-"""
+"""Defines the base constance backend."""
+
+from abc import ABC
+from abc import abstractmethod
 
 
-class Backend(object):
-
+class Backend(ABC):
+    @abstractmethod
     def get(self, key):
         """
         Get the key from the backend store and return the value.
         Return None if not found.
         """
-        raise NotImplementedError
+        ...
 
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def aget(self, key):
+        """
+        Get the key from the backend store and return the value.
+        Return None if not found.
+        """
+        ...
+
+    @abstractmethod
     def mget(self, keys):
         """
-        Get the keys from the backend store and return a list of the values.
-        Return an empty list if not found.
+        Get the keys from the backend store and return a dict mapping
+        each found key to its value. Return an empty dict if no keys
+        are provided or none are found.
         """
-        raise NotImplementedError
+        ...
 
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def amget(self, keys):
+        """
+        Get the keys from the backend store and return a dict mapping
+        each found key to its value. Return an empty dict if no keys
+        are provided or none are found.
+        """
+        ...
+
+    @abstractmethod
     def set(self, key, value):
-        """
-        Add the value to the backend store given the key.
-        """
-        raise NotImplementedError
+        """Add the value to the backend store given the key."""
+        ...
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def aset(self, key, value):
+        """Add the value to the backend store given the key."""
+        ...

constance/backends/database.py

@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+from django.core.cache import caches
+from django.core.cache.backends.locmem import LocMemCache
+from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured
+from django.db import IntegrityError
+from django.db import OperationalError
+from django.db import ProgrammingError
+from django.db import transaction
+from django.db.models.signals import post_save
+
+from constance import config
+from constance import settings
+from constance import signals
+from constance.backends import Backend
+from constance.codecs import dumps
+from constance.codecs import loads
+
+
+class DatabaseBackend(Backend):
+    def __init__(self):
+        from constance.models import Constance
+
+        self._model = Constance
+        self._prefix = settings.DATABASE_PREFIX
+        self._autofill_timeout = settings.DATABASE_CACHE_AUTOFILL_TIMEOUT
+        self._autofill_cachekey = "autofilled"
+
+        if self._model._meta.app_config is None:
+            raise ImproperlyConfigured(
+                "The constance.backends.database app isn't installed "
+                "correctly. Make sure it's in your INSTALLED_APPS setting."
+            )
+
+        if settings.DATABASE_CACHE_BACKEND:
+            self._cache = caches[settings.DATABASE_CACHE_BACKEND]
+            if isinstance(self._cache, LocMemCache):
+                raise ImproperlyConfigured(
+                    "The CONSTANCE_DATABASE_CACHE_BACKEND setting refers to a "
+                    f"subclass of Django's local-memory backend ({settings.DATABASE_CACHE_BACKEND!r}). Please "
+                    "set it to a backend that supports cross-process caching."
+                )
+        else:
+            self._cache = None
+        self.autofill()
+        # Clear simple cache.
+        post_save.connect(self.clear, sender=self._model)
+
+    def add_prefix(self, key):
+        return f"{self._prefix}{key}"
+
+    def autofill(self):
+        if not self._autofill_timeout or not self._cache:
+            return
+        full_cachekey = self.add_prefix(self._autofill_cachekey)
+        if self._cache.get(full_cachekey):
+            return
+        autofill_values = {full_cachekey: 1}
+        for key, value in self.mget(settings.CONFIG).items():
+            autofill_values[self.add_prefix(key)] = value
+        self._cache.set_many(autofill_values, timeout=self._autofill_timeout)
+
+    def mget(self, keys):
+        result = {}
+        if not keys:
+            return result
+        keys = {self.add_prefix(key): key for key in keys}
+        try:
+            stored = self._model._default_manager.filter(key__in=keys)
+            for const in stored:
+                result[keys[const.key]] = loads(const.value)
+        except (OperationalError, ProgrammingError):
+            pass
+        return result
+
+    def get(self, key):
+        key = self.add_prefix(key)
+        value = None
+        if self._cache:
+            value = self._cache.get(key)
+            if value is None:
+                self.autofill()
+                value = self._cache.get(key)
+        if value is None:
+            match = self._model._default_manager.filter(key=key).only("value").first()
+            if match:
+                value = loads(match.value)
+                if self._cache:
+                    self._cache.add(key, value)
+        return value
+
+    async def aget(self, key):
+        from asgiref.sync import sync_to_async
+
+        prefixed_key = self.add_prefix(key)
+        value = None
+        if self._cache:
+            value = await self._cache.aget(prefixed_key)
+            if value is None:
+                await sync_to_async(self.autofill, thread_sensitive=True)()
+                value = await self._cache.aget(prefixed_key)
+        if value is None:
+            match = await self._model._default_manager.filter(key=prefixed_key).only("value").afirst()
+            if match:
+                value = loads(match.value)
+                if self._cache:
+                    await self._cache.aadd(prefixed_key, value)
+        return value
+
+    async def amget(self, keys):
+        if not keys:
+            return {}
+
+        prefixed_keys_map = {self.add_prefix(key): key for key in keys}
+        results = {}
+
+        if self._cache:
+            cache_results = await self._cache.aget_many(prefixed_keys_map.keys())
+            for prefixed_key, value in cache_results.items():
+                results[prefixed_keys_map[prefixed_key]] = value
+
+        missing_prefixed_keys = [k for k in prefixed_keys_map if prefixed_keys_map[k] not in results]
+        if missing_prefixed_keys:
+            try:
+                async for const in self._model._default_manager.filter(key__in=missing_prefixed_keys):
+                    results[prefixed_keys_map[const.key]] = loads(const.value)
+            except (OperationalError, ProgrammingError):
+                pass
+
+        return results
+
+    def set(self, key, value):
+        key = self.add_prefix(key)
+        created = False
+        queryset = self._model._default_manager.all()
+        # Set _for_write attribute as get_or_create method does
+        # https://github.com/django/django/blob/2.2.11/django/db/models/query.py#L536
+        queryset._for_write = True
+
+        try:
+            constance = queryset.get(key=key)
+        except (OperationalError, ProgrammingError):
+            # database is not created, noop
+            return
+        except self._model.DoesNotExist:
+            try:
+                with transaction.atomic(using=queryset.db):
+                    queryset.create(key=key, value=dumps(value))
+                created = True
+            except IntegrityError:
+                # Allow concurrent writes
+                constance = queryset.get(key=key)
+
+        if not created:
+            old_value = loads(constance.value)
+            constance.value = dumps(value)
+            constance.save(update_fields=["value"])
+        else:
+            old_value = None
+
+        if self._cache:
+            self._cache.set(key, value)
+
+        signals.config_updated.send(sender=config, key=key, old_value=old_value, new_value=value)
+
+    async def aset(self, key, value):
+        from asgiref.sync import sync_to_async
+
+        # We use sync_to_async because Django's transaction.atomic() and database connections are thread-local.
+        # This ensures the operation runs in the correct database thread until native async transactions are supported.
+        return await sync_to_async(self.set, thread_sensitive=True)(key, value)
+
+    def clear(self, sender, instance, created, **kwargs):
+        if self._cache and not created:
+            keys = [self.add_prefix(k) for k in settings.CONFIG]
+            keys.append(self.add_prefix(self._autofill_cachekey))
+            self._cache.delete_many(keys)
+            self.autofill()

constance/backends/database/__init__.py

@@ -1,109 +0,0 @@
-from django.core.cache import caches
-from django.core.cache.backends.locmem import LocMemCache
-from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured
-from django.db import OperationalError, ProgrammingError
-from django.db.models.signals import post_save
-
-from .. import Backend
-from ... import settings, signals, config
-
-
-class DatabaseBackend(Backend):
-    def __init__(self):
-        from .models import Constance
-        self._model = Constance
-        self._prefix = settings.DATABASE_PREFIX
-        self._autofill_timeout = settings.DATABASE_CACHE_AUTOFILL_TIMEOUT
-        self._autofill_cachekey = 'autofilled'
-
-        if not self._model._meta.installed:
-            raise ImproperlyConfigured(
-                "The constance.backends.database app isn't installed "
-                "correctly. Make sure it's in your INSTALLED_APPS setting.")
-
-        if settings.DATABASE_CACHE_BACKEND:
-            self._cache = caches[settings.DATABASE_CACHE_BACKEND]
-            if isinstance(self._cache, LocMemCache):
-                raise ImproperlyConfigured(
-                    "The CONSTANCE_DATABASE_CACHE_BACKEND setting refers to a "
-                    "subclass of Django's local-memory backend (%r). Please "
-                    "set it to a backend that supports cross-process caching."
-                    % settings.DATABASE_CACHE_BACKEND)
-        else:
-            self._cache = None
-        self.autofill()
-        # Clear simple cache.
-        post_save.connect(self.clear, sender=self._model)
-
-    def add_prefix(self, key):
-        return "%s%s" % (self._prefix, key)
-
-    def autofill(self):
-        if not self._autofill_timeout or not self._cache:
-            return
-        full_cachekey = self.add_prefix(self._autofill_cachekey)
-        if self._cache.get(full_cachekey):
-            return
-        autofill_values = {}
-        autofill_values[full_cachekey] = 1
-        for key, value in self.mget(settings.CONFIG):
-            autofill_values[self.add_prefix(key)] = value
-        self._cache.set_many(autofill_values, timeout=self._autofill_timeout)
-
-    def mget(self, keys):
-        if not keys:
-            return
-        keys = {self.add_prefix(key): key for key in keys}
-        try:
-            stored = self._model._default_manager.filter(key__in=keys)
-            for const in stored:
-                yield keys[const.key], const.value
-        except (OperationalError, ProgrammingError):
-            pass
-
-    def get(self, key):
-        key = self.add_prefix(key)
-        if self._cache:
-            value = self._cache.get(key)
-            if value is None:
-                self.autofill()
-                value = self._cache.get(key)
-        else:
-            value = None
-        if value is None:
-            try:
-                value = self._model._default_manager.get(key=key).value
-            except (OperationalError, ProgrammingError, self._model.DoesNotExist):
-                pass
-            else:
-                if self._cache:
-                    self._cache.add(key, value)
-        return value
-
-    def set(self, key, value):
-        old_value = self.get(key)
-
-        try:
-            constance, created = self._model._default_manager.get_or_create(
-                key=self.add_prefix(key), defaults={'value': value}
-            )
-        except (OperationalError, ProgrammingError):
-            # database is not created, noop
-            return
-
-        if not created:
-            constance.value = value
-            constance.save()
-        if self._cache:
-            self._cache.set(key, value)
-
-        signals.config_updated.send(
-            sender=config, key=key, old_value=old_value, new_value=value
-        )
-
-    def clear(self, sender, instance, created, **kwargs):
-        if self._cache and not created:
-            keys = [self.add_prefix(k) for k in settings.CONFIG]
-            keys.append(self.add_prefix(self._autofill_cachekey))
-            self._cache.delete_many(keys)
-            self.autofill()

constance/backends/database/migrations/0001_initial.py

@@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
-from django.db import models, migrations
-import picklefield.fields
-
-
-class Migration(migrations.Migration):
-    dependencies = []
-
-    operations = [
-        migrations.CreateModel(
-            name='Constance',
-            fields=[
-                ('id', models.AutoField(verbose_name='ID', primary_key=True,
-                                        auto_created=True, serialize=False)),
-                ('key', models.CharField(unique=True, max_length=255)),
-                ('value', picklefield.fields.PickledObjectField(editable=False)),
-            ],
-            options={
-                'verbose_name': 'constance',
-                'verbose_name_plural': 'constances',
-                'db_table': 'constance_config',
-            },
-            bases=(models.Model,),
-        ),
-    ]

constance/backends/database/models.py

@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-from django.db import models
-from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured
-
-from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
-
-try:
-    from picklefield import PickledObjectField
-except ImportError:
-    raise ImproperlyConfigured("Couldn't find the the 3rd party app "
-                               "django-picklefield which is required for "
-                               "the constance database backend.")
-
-
-class Constance(models.Model):
-    key = models.CharField(max_length=255, unique=True)
-    value = PickledObjectField()
-
-    class Meta:
-        verbose_name = _('constance')
-        verbose_name_plural = _('constances')
-        db_table = 'constance_config'
-
-    def __unicode__(self):
-        return self.key

constance/backends/database/south_migrations/0001_initial.py

@@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from south.db import db
-from south.v2 import SchemaMigration
-
-
-class Migration(SchemaMigration):
-
-    def forwards(self, orm):
-        # Adding model 'Constance'
-        db.create_table('constance_config', (
-            ('id', self.gf('django.db.models.fields.AutoField')(
-                primary_key=True)),
-            ('key', self.gf('django.db.models.fields.TextField')()),
-            ('value', self.gf('picklefield.fields.PickledObjectField')()),
-        ))
-        db.send_create_signal('database', ['Constance'])
-
-    def backwards(self, orm):
-        # Deleting model 'Constance'
-        db.delete_table('constance_config')
-
-    models = {
-        'database.constance': {
-            'Meta': {'object_name': 'Constance',
-                     'db_table': "'constance_config'"},
-            'id': ('django.db.models.fields.AutoField', [],
-                   {'primary_key': 'True'}),
-            'key': ('django.db.models.fields.TextField', [], {}),
-            'value': ('picklefield.fields.PickledObjectField', [], {})
-        }
-    }
-
-    complete_apps = ['database']

constance/backends/database/south_migrations/0002_auto__chg_field_constance_key__add_unique_constance_key.py

@@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from south.db import db
-from south.v2 import SchemaMigration
-
-
-class Migration(SchemaMigration):
-
-    def forwards(self, orm):
-        # Changing field 'Constance.key'
-        db.alter_column('constance_config', 'key',
-                        self.gf('django.db.models.fields.CharField')(
-                            max_length=255))
-        # Adding unique constraint on 'Constance', fields ['key']
-        db.create_unique('constance_config', ['key'])
-
-    def backwards(self, orm):
-        # Removing unique constraint on 'Constance', fields ['key']
-        db.delete_unique('constance_config', ['key'])
-
-        # Changing field 'Constance.key'
-        db.alter_column('constance_config', 'key',
-                        self.gf('django.db.models.fields.TextField')())
-
-    models = {
-        'database.constance': {
-            'Meta': {'object_name': 'Constance',
-                     'db_table': "'constance_config'"},
-            'id': ('django.db.models.fields.AutoField', [],
-                   {'primary_key': 'True'}),
-            'key': ('django.db.models.fields.CharField', [],
-                    {'unique': 'True', 'max_length': '255'}),
-            'value': ('picklefield.fields.PickledObjectField', [], {})
-        }
-    }
-
-    complete_apps = ['database']

constance/backends/memory.py

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+from threading import Lock
+
+from constance import config
+from constance import signals
+
+from . import Backend
+
+
+class MemoryBackend(Backend):
+    """Simple in-memory backend that should be mostly used for testing purposes."""
+
+    _storage = {}
+    _lock = Lock()
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__()
+
+    def get(self, key):
+        with self._lock:
+            return self._storage.get(key)
+
+    async def aget(self, key):
+        # Memory operations are fast enough that we don't need true async here
+        return self.get(key)
+
+    def mget(self, keys):
+        if not keys:
+            return {}
+        with self._lock:
+            return {key: self._storage[key] for key in keys if key in self._storage}
+
+    async def amget(self, keys):
+        if not keys:
+            return {}
+        with self._lock:
+            return {key: self._storage[key] for key in keys if key in self._storage}
+
+    def set(self, key, value):
+        with self._lock:
+            old_value = self._storage.get(key)
+            self._storage[key] = value
+            signals.config_updated.send(sender=config, key=key, old_value=old_value, new_value=value)
+
+    async def aset(self, key, value):
+        # Memory operations are fast enough that we don't need true async here
+        self.set(key, value)

constance/backends/redisd.py

@@ -1,37 +1,62 @@
+import asyncio
+from threading import RLock
+from time import monotonic
+
 from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured
-from django.utils import six
-from django.utils.six.moves import zip
 
-from . import Backend
-from .. import settings, utils, signals, config
-
-try:
-    from cPickle import loads, dumps
-except ImportError:
-    from pickle import loads, dumps
+from constance import config
+from constance import settings
+from constance import signals
+from constance import utils
+from constance.backends import Backend
+from constance.codecs import dumps
+from constance.codecs import loads
 
 
 class RedisBackend(Backend):
-
     def __init__(self):
-        super(RedisBackend, self).__init__()
+        super().__init__()
         self._prefix = settings.REDIS_PREFIX
         connection_cls = settings.REDIS_CONNECTION_CLASS
-        if connection_cls is not None:
+        async_connection_cls = settings.REDIS_ASYNC_CONNECTION_CLASS
+
+        if connection_cls:
             self._rd = utils.import_module_attr(connection_cls)()
         else:
             try:
                 import redis
             except ImportError:
-                raise ImproperlyConfigured(
-                    "The Redis backend requires redis-py to be installed.")
-            if isinstance(settings.REDIS_CONNECTION, six.string_types):
-                self._rd = redis.from_url(settings.REDIS_CONNECTION)
+                raise ImproperlyConfigured("The Redis backend requires redis-py to be installed.") from None
             else:
-                self._rd = redis.Redis(**settings.REDIS_CONNECTION)
+                if isinstance(settings.REDIS_CONNECTION, str):
+                    self._rd = redis.from_url(settings.REDIS_CONNECTION)
+                else:
+                    self._rd = redis.Redis(**settings.REDIS_CONNECTION)
+
+        if async_connection_cls:
+            self._ard = utils.import_module_attr(async_connection_cls)()
+        else:
+            try:
+                import redis.asyncio as aredis
+            except ImportError:
+                # We set this to none instead of raising an error to indicate that async support is not available
+                # without breaking existing sync usage.
+                self._ard = None
+            else:
+                if isinstance(settings.REDIS_CONNECTION, str):
+                    self._ard = aredis.from_url(settings.REDIS_CONNECTION)
+                else:
+                    self._ard = aredis.Redis(**settings.REDIS_CONNECTION)
 
     def add_prefix(self, key):
-        return "%s%s" % (self._prefix, key)
+        return f"{self._prefix}{key}"
+
+    def _check_async_support(self):
+        if self._ard is None:
+            raise ImproperlyConfigured(
+                "Async support for the Redis backend requires redis>=4.2.0 "
+                "or a custom CONSTANCE_REDIS_ASYNC_CONNECTION_CLASS to be configured."
+            )
 
     def get(self, key):
         value = self._rd.get(self.add_prefix(key))
@@ -39,17 +64,156 @@ class RedisBackend(Backend):
             return loads(value)
         return None
 
+    async def aget(self, key):
+        self._check_async_support()
+        value = await self._ard.get(self.add_prefix(key))
+        if value:
+            return loads(value)
+        return None
+
     def mget(self, keys):
         if not keys:
-            return
+            return {}
         prefixed_keys = [self.add_prefix(key) for key in keys]
-        for key, value in zip(keys, self._rd.mget(prefixed_keys)):
-            if value:
-                yield key, loads(value)
+        return {key: loads(value) for key, value in zip(keys, self._rd.mget(prefixed_keys)) if value}
+
+    async def amget(self, keys):
+        if not keys:
+            return {}
+        self._check_async_support()
+        prefixed_keys = [self.add_prefix(key) for key in keys]
+        values = await self._ard.mget(prefixed_keys)
+        return {key: loads(value) for key, value in zip(keys, values) if value}
 
     def set(self, key, value):
         old_value = self.get(key)
         self._rd.set(self.add_prefix(key), dumps(value))
-        signals.config_updated.send(
-            sender=config, key=key, old_value=old_value, new_value=value
-        )
+        signals.config_updated.send(sender=config, key=key, old_value=old_value, new_value=value)
+
+    async def _aset_internal(self, key, value, old_value):
+        """
+        Internal set operation. Separated to allow subclasses to provide old_value
+        without going through self.aget() which may have locking behavior.
+        """
+        self._check_async_support()
+        await self._ard.set(self.add_prefix(key), dumps(value))
+        signals.config_updated.send(sender=config, key=key, old_value=old_value, new_value=value)
+
+    async def aset(self, key, value):
+        old_value = await self.aget(key)
+        await self._aset_internal(key, value, old_value)
+
+
+class CachingRedisBackend(RedisBackend):
+    _sentinel = object()
+    _lock = RLock()
+    _async_lock = None  # Lazy-initialized asyncio.Lock
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__()
+        self._timeout = settings.REDIS_CACHE_TIMEOUT
+        self._cache = {}
+        self._sentinel = object()
+
+    def _get_async_lock(self):
+        # Lazily create the asyncio lock to avoid issues with event loops
+        if self._async_lock is None:
+            self._async_lock = asyncio.Lock()
+        return self._async_lock
+
+    def _has_expired(self, value):
+        return value[0] <= monotonic()
+
+    def _cache_value(self, key, new_value):
+        self._cache[key] = (monotonic() + self._timeout, new_value)
+
+    def get(self, key):
+        value = self._cache.get(key, self._sentinel)
+
+        if value is self._sentinel or self._has_expired(value):
+            with self._lock:
+                new_value = super().get(key)
+                self._cache_value(key, new_value)
+                return new_value
+
+        return value[1]
+
+    async def _aget_unlocked(self, key):
+        """
+        Get value with cache support but without acquiring lock.
+        Caller must already hold the lock.
+        """
+        value = self._cache.get(key, self._sentinel)
+        if value is self._sentinel or self._has_expired(value):
+            new_value = await super().aget(key)
+            self._cache_value(key, new_value)
+            return new_value
+        return value[1]
+
+    async def aget(self, key):
+        value = self._cache.get(key, self._sentinel)
+
+        if value is self._sentinel or self._has_expired(value):
+            async with self._get_async_lock():
+                # Double-check after acquiring lock, then delegate to unlocked version
+                return await self._aget_unlocked(key)
+
+        return value[1]
+
+    def set(self, key, value):
+        with self._lock:
+            super().set(key, value)
+            self._cache_value(key, value)
+
+    async def aset(self, key, value):
+        async with self._get_async_lock():
+            # Use unlocked version since we already hold the lock
+            old_value = await self._aget_unlocked(key)
+            # Use internal method to avoid lock recursion (super().aset calls self.aget)
+            await self._aset_internal(key, value, old_value)
+            self._cache_value(key, value)
+
+    def mget(self, keys):
+        if not keys:
+            return {}
+        result = {}
+        for key in keys:
+            value = self.get(key)
+            if value is not None:
+                result[key] = value
+        return result
+
+    async def amget(self, keys):
+        if not keys:
+            return {}
+
+        results = {}
+        missing_keys = []
+
+        # First, check the local cache for all keys
+        for key in keys:
+            value = self._cache.get(key, self._sentinel)
+            if value is not self._sentinel and not self._has_expired(value):
+                results[key] = value[1]
+            else:
+                missing_keys.append(key)
+
+        # Fetch missing keys from Redis
+        if missing_keys:
+            async with self._get_async_lock():
+                # Re-check cache for keys that might have been fetched while waiting for lock
+                still_missing = []
+                for key in missing_keys:
+                    value = self._cache.get(key, self._sentinel)
+                    if value is not self._sentinel and not self._has_expired(value):
+                        results[key] = value[1]
+                    else:
+                        still_missing.append(key)
+
+                if still_missing:
+                    fetched = await super().amget(still_missing)
+                    for key, value in fetched.items():
+                        self._cache_value(key, value)
+                        results[key] = value
+
+        return results

constance/base.py

@@ -1,32 +1,149 @@
-from . import settings, utils
+import asyncio
+import warnings
+
+from . import settings
+from . import utils
 
 
-class Config(object):
-    """
-    The global config wrapper that handles the backend.
-    """
+class AsyncValueProxy:
+    def __init__(self, key, config, default):
+        self._key = key
+        self._config = config
+        self._default = default
+        self._value = None
+        self._fetched = False
+
+    def __await__(self):
+        return self._get_value().__await__()
+
+    async def _get_value(self):
+        if not self._fetched:
+            result = await self._config._backend.aget(self._key)
+            if result is None:
+                result = self._default
+                await self._config.aset(self._key, result)
+            self._value = result
+            self._fetched = True
+        return self._value
+
+    def _get_sync_value(self):
+        warnings.warn(
+            f"Synchronous access to Constance setting '{self._key}' inside an async loop. "
+            f"Use 'await config.{self._key}' instead.",
+            RuntimeWarning,
+            stacklevel=3,
+        )
+        return self._config._get_sync_value(self._key, self._default)
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return str(self._get_sync_value())
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return repr(self._get_sync_value())
+
+    def __int__(self):
+        return int(self._get_sync_value())
+
+    def __float__(self):
+        return float(self._get_sync_value())
+
+    def __bool__(self):
+        return bool(self._get_sync_value())
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        return self._get_sync_value() == other
+
+    def __ne__(self, other):
+        return self._get_sync_value() != other
+
+    def __lt__(self, other):
+        return self._get_sync_value() < other
+
+    def __le__(self, other):
+        return self._get_sync_value() <= other
+
+    def __gt__(self, other):
+        return self._get_sync_value() > other
+
+    def __ge__(self, other):
+        return self._get_sync_value() >= other
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key):
+        return self._get_sync_value()[key]
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        return iter(self._get_sync_value())
+
+    def __len__(self):
+        return len(self._get_sync_value())
+
+    def __contains__(self, item):
+        return item in self._get_sync_value()
+
+    def __hash__(self):
+        return hash(self._get_sync_value())
+
+    def __add__(self, other):
+        return self._get_sync_value() + other
+
+    def __sub__(self, other):
+        return self._get_sync_value() - other
+
+    def __mul__(self, other):
+        return self._get_sync_value() * other
+
+    def __truediv__(self, other):
+        return self._get_sync_value() / other
+
+
+class Config:
+    """The global config wrapper that handles the backend."""
+
     def __init__(self):
-        super(Config, self).__setattr__('_backend',
-            utils.import_module_attr(settings.BACKEND)())
+        super().__setattr__("_backend", utils.import_module_attr(settings.BACKEND)())
 
-    def __getattr__(self, key):
-        try:
-            if not len(settings.CONFIG[key]) in (2, 3):
-                raise AttributeError(key)
-            default = settings.CONFIG[key][0]
-        except KeyError:
-            raise AttributeError(key)
+    def _get_sync_value(self, key, default):
         result = self._backend.get(key)
         if result is None:
             result = default
             setattr(self, key, default)
-            return result
         return result
 
+    def __getattr__(self, key):
+        if key == "_backend":
+            return super().__getattribute__(key)
+        try:
+            if len(settings.CONFIG[key]) not in (2, 3):
+                raise AttributeError(key)
+            default = settings.CONFIG[key][0]
+        except KeyError as e:
+            raise AttributeError(key) from e
+
+        try:
+            asyncio.get_running_loop()
+        except RuntimeError:
+            return self._get_sync_value(key, default)
+        return AsyncValueProxy(key, self, default)
+
     def __setattr__(self, key, value):
+        if key == "_backend":
+            super().__setattr__(key, value)
+            return
         if key not in settings.CONFIG:
             raise AttributeError(key)
         self._backend.set(key, value)
+        return
+
+    async def aset(self, key, value):
+        if key not in settings.CONFIG:
+            raise AttributeError(key)
+        await self._backend.aset(key, value)
+
+    async def amget(self, keys):
+        backend_values = await self._backend.amget(keys)
+        # Merge with defaults like utils.get_values_for_keys
+        default_initial = {name: settings.CONFIG[name][0] for name in keys if name in settings.CONFIG}
+        return dict(default_initial, **backend_values)
 
     def __dir__(self):
         return settings.CONFIG.keys()

constance/checks.py

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from django.core import checks
+from django.core.checks import CheckMessage
+from django.utils.translation import gettext_lazy as _
+
+
+def check_fieldsets(*args, **kwargs) -> list[CheckMessage]:
+    """
+    A Django system check to make sure that, if defined,
+    CONFIG_FIELDSETS is consistent with settings.CONFIG.
+    """
+    from . import settings
+
+    errors = []
+
+    if hasattr(settings, "CONFIG_FIELDSETS") and settings.CONFIG_FIELDSETS:
+        missing_keys, extra_keys = get_inconsistent_fieldnames()
+        if missing_keys:
+            check = checks.Warning(
+                _("CONSTANCE_CONFIG_FIELDSETS is missing field(s) that exists in CONSTANCE_CONFIG."),
+                hint=", ".join(sorted(missing_keys)),
+                obj="settings.CONSTANCE_CONFIG",
+                id="constance.E001",
+            )
+            errors.append(check)
+        if extra_keys:
+            check = checks.Warning(
+                _("CONSTANCE_CONFIG_FIELDSETS contains extra field(s) that does not exist in CONFIG."),
+                hint=", ".join(sorted(extra_keys)),
+                obj="settings.CONSTANCE_CONFIG",
+                id="constance.E002",
+            )
+            errors.append(check)
+    return errors
+
+
+def get_inconsistent_fieldnames() -> tuple[set, set]:
+    """
+    Returns a pair of values:
+    1) set of keys from settings.CONFIG that are not accounted for in settings.CONFIG_FIELDSETS
+    2) set of keys from settings.CONFIG_FIELDSETS that are not present in settings.CONFIG
+    If there are no fieldnames in settings.CONFIG_FIELDSETS, returns an empty set.
+    """
+    from . import settings
+
+    if isinstance(settings.CONFIG_FIELDSETS, dict):
+        fieldset_items = settings.CONFIG_FIELDSETS.items()
+    else:
+        fieldset_items = settings.CONFIG_FIELDSETS
+
+    unique_field_names = set()
+    for _fieldset_title, fields_list in fieldset_items:
+        # fields_list can be a dictionary, when a fieldset is defined as collapsible
+        # https://django-constance.readthedocs.io/en/latest/#fieldsets-collapsing
+        if isinstance(fields_list, dict) and "fields" in fields_list:
+            fields_list = fields_list["fields"]
+        unique_field_names.update(fields_list)
+    if not unique_field_names:
+        return unique_field_names, unique_field_names
+    config_keys = set(settings.CONFIG.keys())
+    missing_keys = config_keys - unique_field_names
+    extra_keys = unique_field_names - config_keys
+    return missing_keys, extra_keys

constance/codecs.py

@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import json
+import logging
+import uuid
+from datetime import date
+from datetime import datetime
+from datetime import time
+from datetime import timedelta
+from decimal import Decimal
+from typing import Any
+from typing import Protocol
+from typing import TypeVar
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+DEFAULT_DISCRIMINATOR = "default"
+
+
+class JSONEncoder(json.JSONEncoder):
+    """Django-constance custom json encoder."""
+
+    def default(self, o):
+        for discriminator, (t, _, encoder) in _codecs.items():
+            if isinstance(o, t):
+                return _as(discriminator, encoder(o))
+        raise TypeError(f"Object of type {o.__class__.__name__} is not JSON serializable")
+
+
+def _as(discriminator: str, v: Any) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    return {"__type__": discriminator, "__value__": v}
+
+
+def dumps(obj, _dumps=json.dumps, cls=JSONEncoder, default_kwargs=None, **kwargs):
+    """Serialize object to json string."""
+    default_kwargs = default_kwargs or {}
+    is_default_type = isinstance(obj, (list, dict, str, int, bool, float, type(None)))
+    return _dumps(
+        _as(DEFAULT_DISCRIMINATOR, obj) if is_default_type else obj, cls=cls, **dict(default_kwargs, **kwargs)
+    )
+
+
+def loads(s, _loads=json.loads, *, first_level=True, **kwargs):
+    """Deserialize json string to object."""
+    if first_level:
+        return _loads(s, object_hook=object_hook, **kwargs)
+    if isinstance(s, dict) and "__type__" not in s and "__value__" not in s:
+        return {k: loads(v, first_level=False) for k, v in s.items()}
+    if isinstance(s, list):
+        return list(loads(v, first_level=False) for v in s)
+    return _loads(s, object_hook=object_hook, **kwargs)
+
+
+def object_hook(o: dict) -> Any:
+    """Hook function to perform custom deserialization."""
+    if o.keys() == {"__type__", "__value__"}:
+        if o["__type__"] == DEFAULT_DISCRIMINATOR:
+            return o["__value__"]
+        codec = _codecs.get(o["__type__"])
+        if not codec:
+            raise ValueError(f"Unsupported type: {o['__type__']}")
+        return codec[1](o["__value__"])
+    if "__type__" not in o and "__value__" not in o:
+        return o
+    logger.error("Cannot deserialize object: %s", o)
+    raise ValueError(f"Invalid object: {o}")
+
+
+T = TypeVar("T")
+
+
+class Encoder(Protocol[T]):
+    def __call__(self, value: T, /) -> str: ...  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+class Decoder(Protocol[T]):
+    def __call__(self, value: str, /) -> T: ...  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+def register_type(t: type[T], discriminator: str, encoder: Encoder[T], decoder: Decoder[T]):
+    if not discriminator:
+        raise ValueError("Discriminator must be specified")
+    if _codecs.get(discriminator) or discriminator == DEFAULT_DISCRIMINATOR:
+        raise ValueError(f"Type with discriminator {discriminator} is already registered")
+    _codecs[discriminator] = (t, decoder, encoder)
+
+
+_codecs: dict[str, tuple[type, Decoder, Encoder]] = {}
+
+
+def _register_default_types():
+    # NOTE: datetime should be registered before date, because datetime is also instance of date.
+    register_type(datetime, "datetime", datetime.isoformat, datetime.fromisoformat)
+    register_type(date, "date", lambda o: o.isoformat(), lambda o: datetime.fromisoformat(o).date())
+    register_type(time, "time", lambda o: o.isoformat(), time.fromisoformat)
+    register_type(Decimal, "decimal", str, Decimal)
+    register_type(uuid.UUID, "uuid", lambda o: o.hex, uuid.UUID)
+    register_type(timedelta, "timedelta", lambda o: o.total_seconds(), lambda o: timedelta(seconds=o))
+
+
+_register_default_types()

constance/forms.py

@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+import hashlib
+from datetime import date
+from datetime import datetime
+from datetime import time
+from datetime import timedelta
+from decimal import Decimal
+from os.path import join
+
+from django import conf
+from django import forms
+from django.contrib import messages
+from django.contrib.admin import widgets
+from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured
+from django.core.files.storage import default_storage
+from django.forms import fields
+from django.utils import timezone
+from django.utils.encoding import smart_bytes
+from django.utils.module_loading import import_string
+from django.utils.text import normalize_newlines
+from django.utils.translation import gettext_lazy as _
+
+from . import LazyConfig
+from . import settings
+from .checks import get_inconsistent_fieldnames
+
+config = LazyConfig()
+
+NUMERIC_WIDGET = forms.TextInput(attrs={"size": 10})
+
+INTEGER_LIKE = (fields.IntegerField, {"widget": NUMERIC_WIDGET})
+STRING_LIKE = (
+    fields.CharField,
+    {
+        "widget": forms.Textarea(attrs={"rows": 3}),
+        "required": False,
+    },
+)
+
+FIELDS = {
+    bool: (fields.BooleanField, {"required": False}),
+    int: INTEGER_LIKE,
+    Decimal: (fields.DecimalField, {"widget": NUMERIC_WIDGET}),
+    str: STRING_LIKE,
+    datetime: (fields.SplitDateTimeField, {"widget": widgets.AdminSplitDateTime}),
+    timedelta: (fields.DurationField, {"widget": widgets.AdminTextInputWidget}),
+    date: (fields.DateField, {"widget": widgets.AdminDateWidget}),
+    time: (fields.TimeField, {"widget": widgets.AdminTimeWidget}),
+    float: (fields.FloatField, {"widget": NUMERIC_WIDGET}),
+}
+
+
+def parse_additional_fields(fields):
+    for key in fields:
+        field = list(fields[key])
+
+        if len(field) == 1:
+            field.append({})
+
+        field[0] = import_string(field[0])
+
+        if "widget" in field[1]:
+            klass = import_string(field[1]["widget"])
+            field[1]["widget"] = klass(**(field[1].get("widget_kwargs", {}) or {}))
+
+            if "widget_kwargs" in field[1]:
+                del field[1]["widget_kwargs"]
+
+        fields[key] = field
+
+    return fields
+
+
+FIELDS.update(parse_additional_fields(settings.ADDITIONAL_FIELDS))
+
+
+class ConstanceForm(forms.Form):
+    version = forms.CharField(widget=forms.HiddenInput)
+
+    def __init__(self, initial, request=None, *args, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(*args, initial=initial, **kwargs)
+        version_hash = hashlib.sha256()
+
+        only_view = request and not request.user.has_perm("constance.change_config")
+        if only_view:
+            messages.warning(
+                request,
+                _("You don't have permission to change these values"),
+            )
+
+        for name, options in settings.CONFIG.items():
+            default = options[0]
+            if len(options) == 3:
+                config_type = options[2]
+                if config_type not in settings.ADDITIONAL_FIELDS and not isinstance(default, config_type):
+                    raise ImproperlyConfigured(
+                        _(
+                            "Default value type must be "
+                            "equal to declared config "
+                            "parameter type. Please fix "
+                            "the default value of "
+                            "'%(name)s'."
+                        )
+                        % {"name": name}
+                    )
+            else:
+                config_type = type(default)
+
+            if config_type not in FIELDS:
+                raise ImproperlyConfigured(
+                    _(
+                        "Constance doesn't support "
+                        "config values of the type "
+                        "%(config_type)s. Please fix "
+                        "the value of '%(name)s'."
+                    )
+                    % {"config_type": config_type, "name": name}
+                )
+            field_class, kwargs = FIELDS[config_type]
+            if only_view:
+                kwargs["disabled"] = True
+            self.fields[name] = field_class(label=name, **kwargs)
+
+            version_hash.update(smart_bytes(initial.get(name, "")))
+        self.initial["version"] = version_hash.hexdigest()
+
+    def save(self):
+        for file_field in self.files:
+            file = self.cleaned_data[file_field]
+            self.cleaned_data[file_field] = default_storage.save(join(settings.FILE_ROOT, file.name), file)
+
+        for name in settings.CONFIG:
+            current = getattr(config, name)
+            new = self.cleaned_data[name]
+
+            if isinstance(new, str):
+                new = normalize_newlines(new)
+
+            if conf.settings.USE_TZ and isinstance(current, datetime) and not timezone.is_aware(current):
+                current = timezone.make_aware(current)
+
+            if current != new:
+                setattr(config, name, new)
+
+    def clean_version(self):
+        value = self.cleaned_data["version"]
+
+        if settings.IGNORE_ADMIN_VERSION_CHECK:
+            return value
+
+        if value != self.initial["version"]:
+            raise forms.ValidationError(
+                _("The settings have been modified by someone else. Please reload the form and resubmit your changes.")
+            )
+        return value
+
+    def clean(self):
+        cleaned_data = super().clean()
+
+        if not settings.CONFIG_FIELDSETS:
+            return cleaned_data
+
+        missing_keys, extra_keys = get_inconsistent_fieldnames()
+        if missing_keys or extra_keys:
+            raise forms.ValidationError(
+                _("CONSTANCE_CONFIG_FIELDSETS is missing field(s) that exists in CONSTANCE_CONFIG.")
+            )
+
+        return cleaned_data

constance/locale/ar/LC_MESSAGES/django.po

@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE.
+# Copyright (C) YEAR THE PACKAGE'S COPYRIGHT HOLDER
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package.
+# FIRST AUTHOR <med.b.makhlouf@gmail.com>, 2020.
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: \n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2017-06-13 19:40+0530\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2020-11-30 23:15+0100\n"
+"Language: ar\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Last-Translator: \n"
+"Language-Team: \n"
+"X-Generator: \n"
+
+#: admin.py:113
+#, python-format
+msgid ""
+"Default value type must be equal to declared config parameter type. Please "
+"fix the default value of '%(name)s'."
+msgstr ""
+"يجب أن يكون نوع القيمة الافتراضي مساوياً لنوع معلمة التكوين المعلن. الرجاء "
+"إصلاح القيمة الافتراضية لـ '%(name)s'."
+
+#: admin.py:123
+#, python-format
+msgid ""
+"Constance doesn't support config values of the type %(config_type)s. Please "
+"fix the value of '%(name)s'."
+msgstr ""
+"لا يعتمد كونستانس قيم التكوين من النوع %(config_type)s. الرجاء إصلاح قيمة "
+"'%(name)s'."
+
+#: admin.py:147
+msgid ""
+"The settings have been modified by someone else. Please reload the form and "
+"resubmit your changes."
+msgstr ""
+"تم تعديل الإعدادات بواسطة شخص آخر. الرجاء إعادة تحميل النموذج وإعادة إرسال "
+"التغييرات."
+
+#: admin.py:160
+msgid ""
+"CONSTANCE_CONFIG_FIELDSETS does not contain fields that exist in "
+"CONSTANCE_CONFIG."
+msgstr ""
+"لا يحتوي CONSTANCE_CONFIG_FIELDSETS على حقول موجودة في CONSTANCE_CONFIG."
+
+#: admin.py:224
+msgid "Live settings updated successfully."
+msgstr "تم تحديث الإعدادات المباشرة بنجاح."
+
+#: admin.py:285
+msgid "config"
+msgstr "التكوين"
+
+#: apps.py:8
+msgid "Constance"
+msgstr "كونستانس"
+
+#: backends/database/models.py:19
+msgid "constance"
+msgstr "كونستانس"
+
+#: backends/database/models.py:20
+msgid "constances"
+msgstr "كونستانس"
+
+#: management/commands/constance.py:30
+msgid "Get/Set In-database config settings handled by Constance"
+msgstr ""
+"الحصول على / تعيين إعدادات التكوين في قاعدة البيانات التي تعالجها كونستانس"
+
+#: templates/admin/constance/change_list.html:75
+msgid "Save"
+msgstr "حفظ"
+
+#: templates/admin/constance/change_list.html:84
+msgid "Home"
+msgstr "الصفحة الرئيسية"
+
+#: templates/admin/constance/includes/results_list.html:5
+msgid "Name"
+msgstr "الإسم"
+
+#: templates/admin/constance/includes/results_list.html:6
+msgid "Default"
+msgstr "افتراضي"
+
+#: templates/admin/constance/includes/results_list.html:7
+msgid "Value"
+msgstr "القيمة"
+
+#: templates/admin/constance/includes/results_list.html:8
+msgid "Is modified"
+msgstr "تم تعديله"

constance/locale/en/LC_MESSAGES/django.po

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 "Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
 "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2017-06-13 19:40+0530\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2022-07-19 21:00+0500\n"
 "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
 "Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
 "Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
@@ -47,6 +47,10 @@ msgstr ""
 msgid "Live settings updated successfully."
 msgstr ""
 
+#: admin.py:267
+msgid "Failed to update live settings."
+msgstr ""
+
 #: admin.py:285
 msgid "config"
 msgstr ""

constance/locale/fa/LC_MESSAGES/django.po

@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE.
+# Copyright (C) YEAR THE PACKAGE'S COPYRIGHT HOLDER
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package.
+# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: \n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2017-06-13 19:40+0530\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2020-09-24 17:33+0330\n"
+"Language: fa\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Last-Translator: Mehdi Namaki <mavenium@gmail.com>\n"
+"Language-Team: \n"
+"X-Generator: Poedit 2.3\n"
+
+#: admin.py:113
+#, python-format
+msgid ""
+"Default value type must be equal to declared config parameter type. Please "
+"fix the default value of '%(name)s'."
+msgstr ""
+"نوع مقدار پیش فرض باید برابر با نوع پارامتر پیکربندی اعلام شده باشد. لطفاً "
+"مقدار پیش فرض '%(name)s' را اصلاح کنید."
+
+#: admin.py:123
+#, python-format
+msgid ""
+"Constance doesn't support config values of the type %(config_type)s. Please "
+"fix the value of '%(name)s'."
+msgstr ""
+"تنظیمات مقادیر پیکربندی از نوع %(config_type)s را پشتیبانی نمی کند. لطفاً "
+"مقدار '%(name)s' را اصلاح کنید."
+
+#: admin.py:147
+msgid ""
+"The settings have been modified by someone else. Please reload the form and "
+"resubmit your changes."
+msgstr ""
+"تنظیمات توسط شخص دیگری تغییر یافته است. لطفاً فرم را بارگیری کنید و تغییرات "
+"خود را دوباره ارسال کنید."
+
+#: admin.py:160
+msgid ""
+"CONSTANCE_CONFIG_FIELDSETS does not contain fields that exist in "
+"CONSTANCE_CONFIG."
+msgstr "CONSTANCE_CONFIG_FIELDSETS شامل فیلدهای CONSTANCE_CONFIG نیست."
+
+#: admin.py:224
+msgid "Live settings updated successfully."
+msgstr "تنظیمات زنده با موفقیت به روز شد."
+
+#: admin.py:285
+msgid "config"
+msgstr "پیکربندی"
+
+#: apps.py:8
+msgid "Constance"
+msgstr "تنظیمات"
+
+#: backends/database/models.py:19
+msgid "constance"
+msgstr "تنظیمات"
+
+#: backends/database/models.py:20
+msgid "constances"
+msgstr "تنظیمات"
+
+#: management/commands/constance.py:30
+msgid "Get/Set In-database config settings handled by Constance"
+msgstr ""
+"دریافت/تنظیم تنظیمات پیکربندی درون پایگاه داده که توسط تنظیمات بکار برده می "
+"شود"
+
+#: templates/admin/constance/change_list.html:75
+msgid "Save"
+msgstr "ذخیره"
+
+#: templates/admin/constance/change_list.html:84
+msgid "Home"
+msgstr "خانه"
+
+#: templates/admin/constance/includes/results_list.html:5
+msgid "Name"
+msgstr "نام"
+
+#: templates/admin/constance/includes/results_list.html:6
+msgid "Default"
+msgstr "پیش‌فرض"
+
+#: templates/admin/constance/includes/results_list.html:7
+msgid "Value"
+msgstr "مقدار"
+
+#: templates/admin/constance/includes/results_list.html:8
+msgid "Is modified"
+msgstr "تغییر یافته"
+
+#: templates/admin/constance/includes/results_list.html:44
+msgid "Reset to default"
+msgstr "بازنشانی به پیش‌فرض"

constance/locale/ru/LC_MESSAGES/django.po

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 "Project-Id-Version: django-constance\n"
 "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2017-06-13 19:40+0530\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2022-07-19 20:59+0500\n"
 "PO-Revision-Date: 2014-11-27 18:13+0000\n"
 "Last-Translator: Jannis Leidel <jannis@leidel.info>\n"
 "Language-Team: Russian (http://www.transifex.com/projects/p/django-constance/"
@@ -47,7 +47,11 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #: admin.py:224
 msgid "Live settings updated successfully."
-msgstr "Настройки успешно сохранены"
+msgstr "Настройки успешно сохранены."
+
+#: admin.py:267
+msgid "Failed to update live settings."
+msgstr "Не удалось сохранить настройки."
 
 #: admin.py:285
 msgid "config"

constance/locale/tr/LC_MESSAGES/django.po

@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE.
+# Copyright (C) YEAR THE PACKAGE'S COPYRIGHT HOLDER
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package.
+# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
+#
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2019-11-09 19:14+0300\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
+"Last-Translator: Ozcan Yarimdunya <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
+"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
+"Language: \n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n > 1);\n"
+#: constance/admin.py:116
+#, python-format
+msgid ""
+"Default value type must be equal to declared config parameter type. Please "
+"fix the default value of '%(name)s'."
+msgstr ""
+"Varsayılan değer tipi, tanımlanan ayarlar parametresi tipi ile aynı olmalıdır. Lütfen "
+"'%(name)s' in varsayılan değerini düzeltin."
+
+#: constance/admin.py:126
+#, python-format
+msgid ""
+"Constance doesn't support config values of the type %(config_type)s. Please "
+"fix the value of '%(name)s'."
+msgstr ""
+"Constance %(config_type)s tipinin yapılandırma değerlerini desteklemiyor. Lütfen "
+"'%(name)s' in değerini düzeltin."
+
+#: constance/admin.py:160
+msgid ""
+"The settings have been modified by someone else. Please reload the form and "
+"resubmit your changes."
+msgstr ""
+"Ayarlar başkası tarafından değiştirildi. Lütfen formu tekrar yükleyin ve "
+"değişikliklerinizi tekrar kaydedin."
+
+#: constance/admin.py:172 constance/checks.py:19
+msgid ""
+"CONSTANCE_CONFIG_FIELDSETS is missing field(s) that exists in "
+"CONSTANCE_CONFIG."
+msgstr ""
+"CONSTANCE_CONFIG içinde mevcut olan alan(lar) için "
+"CONSTANCE_CONFIG_FIELDSETS eksik."
+
+#: constance/admin.py:240
+msgid "Live settings updated successfully."
+msgstr "Canlı ayarlar başarıyla güncellendi."
+
+#: constance/admin.py:305
+msgid "config"
+msgstr "ayar"
+
+#: constance/backends/database/models.py:19
+msgid "constance"
+msgstr "constance"
+
+#: constance/backends/database/models.py:20
+msgid "constances"
+msgstr "constances"
+
+#: constance/management/commands/constance.py:32
+msgid "Get/Set In-database config settings handled by Constance"
+msgstr "Constance tarafından veritabanında barındırılan ayarları görüntüle/değiştir"
+
+#: constance/templates/admin/constance/change_list.html:60
+msgid "Save"
+msgstr "Kaydet"
+
+#: constance/templates/admin/constance/change_list.html:69
+msgid "Home"
+msgstr "Anasayfa"
+
+#: constance/templates/admin/constance/includes/results_list.html:6
+msgid "Name"
+msgstr "İsim"
+
+#: constance/templates/admin/constance/includes/results_list.html:7
+msgid "Default"
+msgstr "Varsayılan"
+
+#: constance/templates/admin/constance/includes/results_list.html:8
+msgid "Value"
+msgstr "Değer"
+
+#: constance/templates/admin/constance/includes/results_list.html:9
+msgid "Is modified"
+msgstr "Değiştirildi mi"
+
+#: constance/templates/admin/constance/includes/results_list.html:22
+msgid "Current file"
+msgstr "Geçerli dosya"
+
+#: constance/templates/admin/constance/includes/results_list.html:39
+msgid "Reset to default"
+msgstr "Varsayılana dön"

constance/locale/uk/LC_MESSAGES/django.po

@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE.
+# Copyright (C) YEAR THE PACKAGE'S COPYRIGHT HOLDER
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package.
+#
+# Translators:
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: django-constance\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2022-07-19 16:00+0000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2014-11-27 18:13+0000\n"
+"Last-Translator: Vasyl Dizhak <vasyl@dizhak.com>\n"
+"Language-Team: (http://www.transifex.com/projects/p/django-constance/"
+"language/uk/)\n"
+"Language: uk\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Plural-Forms: nplurals=3; plural=(n%10==1 && n%100!=11 ? 0 : n%10>=2 && n"
+"%10<=4 && (n%100<10 || n%100>=20) ? 1 : 2);\n"
+
+#: admin.py:109
+msgid "You don't have permission to change these values"
+msgstr "У вас немає прав для зміни цих значень"
+
+#: admin.py:117
+#, python-format
+msgid ""
+"Default value type must be equal to declared config parameter type. Please "
+"fix the default value of '%(name)s'."
+msgstr ""
+"Тип значення за замовчуванням повинен співпадати із вказаним типом параметра "
+"конфігурації. Будь ласка, виправте значення за замовчуванням для '%(name)s'."
+
+#: admin.py:127
+#, python-format
+msgid ""
+"Constance doesn't support config values of the type %(config_type)s. Please "
+"fix the value of '%(name)s'."
+msgstr ""
+"Constance не підтрумує значення наступного типу %(config_type)s. Будь ласка, "
+"змініть тип для значення '%(name)s'"
+
+#: admin.py:166
+msgid ""
+"The settings have been modified by someone else. Please reload the form and "
+"resubmit your changes."
+msgstr ""
+"Налаштування було змінено кимось іншим. Буд ласка, перезавантажте форму та "
+"повторно збережіть зміни."
+
+#: admin.py:178 checks.py:19
+msgid ""
+"CONSTANCE_CONFIG_FIELDSETS is missing field(s) that exists in "
+"CONSTANCE_CONFIG."
+msgstr ""
+"Одне чи кілька полів з CONSTANCE_CONFIG відсутні в "
+"CONSTANCE_CONFIG_FIELDSETS."
+
+#: admin.py:250
+msgid "Live settings updated successfully."
+msgstr "Налаштування успішно збережені."
+
+#: admin.py:267
+msgid "Failed to update live settings."
+msgstr "Не вдалося зберегти налаштування."
+
+#: admin.py:326
+msgid "config"
+msgstr "налаштування"
+
+#: apps.py:8
+msgid "Constance"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: backends/database/models.py:19
+msgid "constance"
+msgstr "налаштування"
+
+#: backends/database/models.py:20
+msgid "constances"
+msgstr "налаштування"
+
+#: management/commands/constance.py:30
+msgid "Get/Set In-database config settings handled by Constance"
+msgstr "Отримати/встановити налашування в базі даних, якими керує Constance"
+
+#: templates/admin/constance/change_list.html:61
+msgid "Save"
+msgstr "Зберегти"
+
+#: templates/admin/constance/change_list.html:70
+msgid "Home"
+msgstr "Головна"
+
+#: templates/admin/constance/includes/results_list.html:6
+msgid "Name"
+msgstr "Назва"
+
+#: templates/admin/constance/includes/results_list.html:7
+msgid "Default"
+msgstr "За замовчуванням"
+
+#: templates/admin/constance/includes/results_list.html:8
+msgid "Value"
+msgstr "Поточне значення"
+
+#: templates/admin/constance/includes/results_list.html:9
+msgid "Is modified"
+msgstr "Було змінено"
+
+#: templates/admin/constance/includes/results_list.html:26
+msgid "Current file"
+msgstr "Поточний файл"
+
+#: templates/admin/constance/includes/results_list.html:44
+msgid "Reset to default"
+msgstr "Скинути до значення за замовчуванням"
+
+#~ msgid "Constance config"
+#~ msgstr "Настройки"

constance/management/commands/constance.py

@@ -1,15 +1,13 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
+from django.conf import settings
 from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
-from django.core.management import BaseCommand, CommandError
-from django.utils.translation import ugettext as _
-from django import VERSION
+from django.core.management import BaseCommand
+from django.core.management import CommandError
+from django.utils.translation import gettext as _
 
-
-from ... import config
-from ...admin import ConstanceForm, get_values
+from constance import config
+from constance.forms import ConstanceForm
+from constance.models import Constance
+from constance.utils import get_values
 
 
 def _set_constance_value(key, value):
@@ -19,7 +17,6 @@ def _set_constance_value(key, value):
     :param value:
     :return:
     """
-
     form = ConstanceForm(initial=get_values())
 
     field = form.fields[key]
@@ -29,49 +26,59 @@ def _set_constance_value(key, value):
 
 
 class Command(BaseCommand):
-    help = _('Get/Set In-database config settings handled by Constance')
+    help = _("Get/Set In-database config settings handled by Constance")
+
+    GET = "get"
+    SET = "set"
+    LIST = "list"
+    REMOVE_STALE_KEYS = "remove_stale_keys"
 
     def add_arguments(self, parser):
-        subparsers = parser.add_subparsers(dest='command')
-        # API changed in Django>=2.1. cmd argument was removed.
-        parser_list = self._subparsers_add_parser(subparsers, 'list', cmd=self, help='list all Constance keys and their values')
+        subparsers = parser.add_subparsers(dest="command")
+        subparsers.add_parser(self.LIST, help="list all Constance keys and their values")
 
-        parser_get = self._subparsers_add_parser(subparsers, 'get', cmd=self, help='get the value of a Constance key')
-        parser_get.add_argument('key', help='name of the key to get', metavar='KEY')
+        parser_get = subparsers.add_parser(self.GET, help="get the value of a Constance key")
+        parser_get.add_argument("key", help="name of the key to get", metavar="KEY")
 
-        parser_set = self._subparsers_add_parser(subparsers, 'set', cmd=self, help='set the value of a Constance key')
-        parser_set.add_argument('key', help='name of the key to get', metavar='KEY')
+        parser_set = subparsers.add_parser(self.SET, help="set the value of a Constance key")
+        parser_set.add_argument("key", help="name of the key to set", metavar="KEY")
         # use nargs='+' so that we pass a list to MultiValueField (eg SplitDateTimeField)
-        parser_set.add_argument('value', help='value to set', metavar='VALUE', nargs='+')
-
-
-    def _subparsers_add_parser(self, subparsers, name, **kwargs):
-        # API in Django >= 2.1 changed and removed cmd parameter from add_parser
-        if VERSION >= (2, 1) and 'cmd' in kwargs:
-            kwargs.pop('cmd')
-        return subparsers.add_parser(name, **kwargs)
+        parser_set.add_argument("value", help="value to set", metavar="VALUE", nargs="+")
 
+        subparsers.add_parser(
+            self.REMOVE_STALE_KEYS,
+            help="delete all Constance keys and their values if they are not in settings.CONSTANCE_CONFIG (stale keys)",
+        )
 
     def handle(self, command, key=None, value=None, *args, **options):
-
-        if command == 'get':
+        if command == self.GET:
             try:
-                self.stdout.write("{}".format(getattr(config, key)), ending="\n")
+                self.stdout.write(str(getattr(config, key)), ending="\n")
             except AttributeError as e:
-                raise CommandError(key + " is not defined in settings.CONSTANCE_CONFIG")
-
-        elif command == 'set':
+                raise CommandError(f"{key} is not defined in settings.CONSTANCE_CONFIG") from e
+        elif command == self.SET:
             try:
                 if len(value) == 1:
                     # assume that if a single argument was passed, the field doesn't expect a list
                     value = value[0]
-
                 _set_constance_value(key, value)
             except KeyError as e:
-                raise CommandError(key + " is not defined in settings.CONSTANCE_CONFIG")
+                raise CommandError(f"{key} is not defined in settings.CONSTANCE_CONFIG") from e
             except ValidationError as e:
-                raise CommandError(", ".join(e))
-
-        elif command == 'list':
+                raise CommandError(", ".join(e)) from e
+        elif command == self.LIST:
             for k, v in get_values().items():
-                self.stdout.write("{}\t{}".format(k, v), ending="\n")
+                self.stdout.write(f"{k}\t{v}", ending="\n")
+        elif command == self.REMOVE_STALE_KEYS:
+            prefix = getattr(settings, "CONSTANCE_DATABASE_PREFIX", "")
+            actual_keys = [f"{prefix}{key}" for key in settings.CONSTANCE_CONFIG]
+            stale_records = Constance.objects.exclude(key__in=actual_keys)
+            if stale_records:
+                self.stdout.write("The following record will be deleted:", ending="\n")
+            else:
+                self.stdout.write("There are no stale records in the database.", ending="\n")
+            for stale_record in stale_records:
+                self.stdout.write(f"{stale_record.key}\t{stale_record.value}", ending="\n")
+            stale_records.delete()
+        else:
+            raise CommandError("Invalid command")

constance/migrations/0001_initial.py

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+from django.db import migrations
+from django.db import models
+
+
+class Migration(migrations.Migration):
+    initial = True
+
+    dependencies = []
+
+    operations = [
+        migrations.CreateModel(
+            name="Constance",
+            fields=[
+                ("id", models.AutoField(auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name="ID")),
+                ("key", models.CharField(max_length=255, unique=True)),
+                ("value", models.TextField(blank=True, editable=False, null=True)),
+            ],
+            options={
+                "verbose_name": "constance",
+                "verbose_name_plural": "constances",
+                "permissions": [("change_config", "Can change config"), ("view_config", "Can view config")],
+            },
+        ),
+    ]

constance/migrations/0002_migrate_from_old_table.py

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+from logging import getLogger
+
+from django.core.management.color import no_style
+from django.db import migrations
+
+logger = getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def _migrate_from_old_table(apps, schema_editor) -> None:
+    """
+    Copies values from old table.
+    On new installations just ignore error that table does not exist.
+    """
+    connection = schema_editor.connection
+    quoted_string = ", ".join([connection.ops.quote_name(item) for item in ["id", "key", "value"]])
+    old_table_name = "constance_config"
+    with connection.cursor() as cursor:
+        if old_table_name not in connection.introspection.table_names():
+            logger.info("Old table does not exist, skipping")
+            return
+        cursor.execute(
+            f"INSERT INTO constance_constance ( {quoted_string} ) SELECT {quoted_string} FROM {old_table_name}",  # noqa: S608
+            [],
+        )
+        cursor.execute(f"DROP TABLE {old_table_name}", [])
+
+    Constance = apps.get_model("constance", "Constance")
+    sequence_sql = connection.ops.sequence_reset_sql(no_style(), [Constance])
+    with connection.cursor() as cursor:
+        for sql in sequence_sql:
+            cursor.execute(sql)
+
+
+class Migration(migrations.Migration):
+    dependencies = [("constance", "0001_initial")]
+
+    atomic = False
+
+    operations = [
+        migrations.RunPython(_migrate_from_old_table, reverse_code=lambda x, y: None),
+    ]

constance/migrations/0003_drop_pickle.py

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+import json
+import logging
+import pickle
+from base64 import b64decode
+from importlib import import_module
+
+from django.db import migrations
+
+from constance import settings
+from constance.codecs import dumps
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def is_already_migrated(value):
+    try:
+        data = json.loads(value)
+        if isinstance(data, dict) and set(data.keys()) == {"__type__", "__value__"}:
+            return True
+    except (json.JSONDecodeError, TypeError, UnicodeDecodeError):
+        return False
+    return False
+
+
+def import_module_attr(path):
+    package, module = path.rsplit(".", 1)
+    return getattr(import_module(package), module)
+
+
+def migrate_pickled_data(apps, schema_editor) -> None:  # pragma: no cover
+    Constance = apps.get_model("constance", "Constance")
+
+    for constance in Constance.objects.exclude(value=None):
+        if not is_already_migrated(constance.value):
+            constance.value = dumps(pickle.loads(b64decode(constance.value.encode())))  # noqa: S301
+            constance.save(update_fields=["value"])
+
+    if settings.BACKEND in (
+        "constance.backends.redisd.RedisBackend",
+        "constance.backends.redisd.CachingRedisBackend",
+    ):
+        import redis
+
+        _prefix = settings.REDIS_PREFIX
+        connection_cls = settings.REDIS_CONNECTION_CLASS
+        if connection_cls is not None:
+            _rd = import_module_attr(connection_cls)()
+        else:
+            if isinstance(settings.REDIS_CONNECTION, str):
+                _rd = redis.from_url(settings.REDIS_CONNECTION)
+            else:
+                _rd = redis.Redis(**settings.REDIS_CONNECTION)
+        redis_migrated_data = {}
+        for key in settings.CONFIG:
+            prefixed_key = f"{_prefix}{key}"
+            value = _rd.get(prefixed_key)
+            if value is not None and not is_already_migrated(value):
+                redis_migrated_data[prefixed_key] = dumps(pickle.loads(value))  # noqa: S301
+        for prefixed_key, value in redis_migrated_data.items():
+            _rd.set(prefixed_key, value)
+
+
+class Migration(migrations.Migration):
+    dependencies = [("constance", "0002_migrate_from_old_table")]
+
+    operations = [
+        migrations.RunPython(migrate_pickled_data),
+    ]

constance/models.py

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+from django.db import models
+from django.utils.translation import gettext_lazy as _
+
+
+class Constance(models.Model):
+    key = models.CharField(max_length=255, unique=True)
+    value = models.TextField(null=True, blank=True, editable=False)
+
+    class Meta:
+        verbose_name = _("constance")
+        verbose_name_plural = _("constances")
+        permissions = [
+            ("change_config", "Can change config"),
+            ("view_config", "Can view config"),
+        ]
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return self.key

constance/settings.py

@@ -1,45 +1,31 @@
 from django.conf import settings
 
-BACKEND = getattr(
-    settings,
-    'CONSTANCE_BACKEND',
-    'constance.backends.redisd.RedisBackend'
-)
+BACKEND = getattr(settings, "CONSTANCE_BACKEND", "constance.backends.redisd.RedisBackend")
 
-CONFIG = getattr(settings, 'CONSTANCE_CONFIG', {})
+CONFIG = getattr(settings, "CONSTANCE_CONFIG", {})
 
-CONFIG_FIELDSETS = getattr(settings, 'CONSTANCE_CONFIG_FIELDSETS', {})
+CONFIG_FIELDSETS = getattr(settings, "CONSTANCE_CONFIG_FIELDSETS", {})
 
-ADDITIONAL_FIELDS = getattr(settings, 'CONSTANCE_ADDITIONAL_FIELDS', {})
+ADDITIONAL_FIELDS = getattr(settings, "CONSTANCE_ADDITIONAL_FIELDS", {})
 
-DATABASE_CACHE_BACKEND = getattr(
-    settings,
-    'CONSTANCE_DATABASE_CACHE_BACKEND',
-    None
-)
+FILE_ROOT = getattr(settings, "CONSTANCE_FILE_ROOT", "")
 
-DATABASE_CACHE_AUTOFILL_TIMEOUT = getattr(
-    settings,
-    'CONSTANCE_DATABASE_CACHE_AUTOFILL_TIMEOUT',
-    60 * 60 * 24
-)
+DATABASE_CACHE_BACKEND = getattr(settings, "CONSTANCE_DATABASE_CACHE_BACKEND", None)
 
-DATABASE_PREFIX = getattr(settings, 'CONSTANCE_DATABASE_PREFIX', '')
+DATABASE_CACHE_AUTOFILL_TIMEOUT = getattr(settings, "CONSTANCE_DATABASE_CACHE_AUTOFILL_TIMEOUT", 60 * 60 * 24)
 
-REDIS_PREFIX = getattr(settings, 'CONSTANCE_REDIS_PREFIX', 'constance:')
+DATABASE_PREFIX = getattr(settings, "CONSTANCE_DATABASE_PREFIX", "")
 
-REDIS_CONNECTION_CLASS = getattr(
-    settings,
-    'CONSTANCE_REDIS_CONNECTION_CLASS',
-    None
-)
+REDIS_PREFIX = getattr(settings, "CONSTANCE_REDIS_PREFIX", "constance:")
 
-REDIS_CONNECTION = getattr(settings, 'CONSTANCE_REDIS_CONNECTION', {})
+REDIS_CACHE_TIMEOUT = getattr(settings, "CONSTANCE_REDIS_CACHE_TIMEOUT", 60)
 
-SUPERUSER_ONLY = getattr(settings, 'CONSTANCE_SUPERUSER_ONLY', True)
+REDIS_CONNECTION_CLASS = getattr(settings, "CONSTANCE_REDIS_CONNECTION_CLASS", None)
 
-IGNORE_ADMIN_VERSION_CHECK = getattr(
-    settings,
-    'CONSTANCE_IGNORE_ADMIN_VERSION_CHECK',
-    False
-)
+REDIS_ASYNC_CONNECTION_CLASS = getattr(settings, "CONSTANCE_REDIS_ASYNC_CONNECTION_CLASS", None)
+
+REDIS_CONNECTION = getattr(settings, "CONSTANCE_REDIS_CONNECTION", {})
+
+SUPERUSER_ONLY = getattr(settings, "CONSTANCE_SUPERUSER_ONLY", True)
+
+IGNORE_ADMIN_VERSION_CHECK = getattr(settings, "CONSTANCE_IGNORE_ADMIN_VERSION_CHECK", False)

constance/signals.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
 import django.dispatch
 
-config_updated = django.dispatch.Signal(
-    providing_args=['key', 'old_value', 'new_value']
-)
+config_updated = django.dispatch.Signal()

constance/static/admin/css/constance.css

@@ -13,3 +13,22 @@
 .help {
     font-weight: normal !important;
 }
+#results {
+    overflow-x: auto;
+}
+.item-anchor {
+    visibility: hidden;
+    margin-left: .1em;
+} 
+.item-name {
+    white-space: nowrap;
+}
+.item-name:hover .item-anchor {
+    visibility: visible;
+}
+.sticky-footer {
+    position: sticky;
+    width: 100%;
+    left: 0;
+    bottom: 0;
+}

constance/static/admin/js/constance.js

@@ -6,16 +6,28 @@
         $('#content-main').on('click', '.reset-link', function(e) {
             e.preventDefault();
 
-            var field = $('#' + this.dataset.fieldId);
-            var fieldType = this.dataset.fieldType;
+            const field_selector = this.dataset.fieldId.replace(/ /g, "\\ ")
+            const field = $('#' + field_selector);
+            const fieldType = this.dataset.fieldType;
 
             if (fieldType === 'checkbox') {
                 field.prop('checked', this.dataset.default === 'true');
+            } else if (fieldType === 'multi-select') {
+                const defaults = JSON.parse(this.dataset.default);
+                const stringDefaults = defaults.map(function(v) { return String(v); });
+                // CheckboxSelectMultiple: individual checkboxes inside a wrapper
+                field.find('input[type="checkbox"]').each(function() {
+                    $(this).prop('checked', stringDefaults.indexOf($(this).val()) !== -1);
+                });
+                // SelectMultiple: <select multiple> element
+                field.find('option').each(function() {
+                    $(this).prop('selected', stringDefaults.indexOf($(this).val()) !== -1);
+                });
             } else if (fieldType === 'date') {
-                var defaultDate = new Date(this.dataset.default * 1000);
-                $('#' + this.dataset.fieldId).val(defaultDate.strftime(get_format('DATE_INPUT_FORMATS')[0]));}
+                const defaultDate = new Date(this.dataset.default * 1000);
+                $('#' + this.dataset.fieldId).val(defaultDate.strftime(get_format('DATE_INPUT_FORMATS')[0]));
             } else if (fieldType === 'datetime') {
-                var defaultDate = new Date(this.dataset.default * 1000);
+                const defaultDate = new Date(this.dataset.default * 1000);
                 $('#' + this.dataset.fieldId + '_0').val(defaultDate.strftime(get_format('DATE_INPUT_FORMATS')[0]));
                 $('#' + this.dataset.fieldId + '_1').val(defaultDate.strftime(get_format('TIME_INPUT_FORMATS')[0]));
             } else {

constance/templates/admin/constance/change_list.html

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 {% extends "admin/base_site.html" %}
-{% load admin_static admin_list i18n %}
+{% load admin_list static i18n %}
 
 {% block extrastyle %}
   {{ block.super }}
-  <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="{% static 'admin/css/changelists.css' %}" />
-  <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="{% static 'admin/css/forms.css' %}" />
+  <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="{% static 'admin/css/changelists.css' %}">
+  <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="{% static 'admin/css/forms.css' %}">
   {{ media.css }}
-  <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="{% static 'admin/css/constance.css' %}" />
+  <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="{% static 'admin/css/constance.css' %}">
 {% endblock %}
 
 {% block extrahead %}
@@ -15,9 +15,12 @@
 {{ block.super }}
 {{ media.js }}
 <script type="text/javascript" src="{% static 'admin/js/constance.js' %}"></script>
+{% if django_version < "5.1" %}
+<script type="text/javascript" src="{% static 'admin/js/collapse.js' %}"></script>
+{% endif %}
 {% endblock %}
 
-{% block bodyclass %}change-list{% endblock %}
+{% block bodyclass %}{{ block.super }} change-list{% endblock %}
 
 {% block content %}
   <div id="content-main" class="constance">
@@ -45,19 +48,22 @@
 
             {% if fieldsets %}
               {% for fieldset in fieldsets %}
-              <fieldset class="module">
-                  <h2>{{ fieldset.title }}</h2>
+              <fieldset class="module{% if fieldset.collapse %} collapse{% endif %}">
+                  {% if django_version >= "5.1" and fieldset.collapse %}<details><summary>{% endif %}
+                  <h2 class="fieldset-heading">{{ fieldset.title }}</h2>
+                  {% if django_version >= "5.1" and fieldset.collapse %}</summary>{% endif %}
                   {% with config_values=fieldset.config_values %}
                     {% include "admin/constance/includes/results_list.html" %}
                   {% endwith %}
+                  {% if django_version >= "5.1" and fieldset.collapse %}</details>{% endif %}
               </fieldset>
               {% endfor %}
             {% else %}
               {% include "admin/constance/includes/results_list.html" %}
             {% endif %}
 
-            <p class="paginator">
-              <input type="submit" name="_save" class="default" value="{% trans 'Save' %}"/>
+            <p class="paginator sticky-footer">
+              <input type="submit" name="_save" class="default" value="{% trans 'Save' %}">
             </p>
         </form>
     </div>

constance/templates/admin/constance/includes/results_list.html

@@ -1,49 +1,59 @@
-{% load admin_static admin_list static i18n %}
-<table>
-    <thead>
-        <tr>
-            <th><div class="text">{% trans "Name" %}</div></th>
-            <th><div class="text">{% trans "Default" %}</div></th>
-            <th><div class="text">{% trans "Value" %}</div></th>
-            <th><div class="text">{% trans "Is modified" %}</div></th>
+{% load admin_list static i18n %}
+<div id="results">
+    <table>
+        <thead>
+            <tr>
+                <th><div class="text">{% trans "Name" %}</div></th>
+                <th><div class="text">{% trans "Default" %}</div></th>
+                <th><div class="text">{% trans "Value" %}</div></th>
+                <th><div class="text">{% trans "Is modified" %}</div></th>
+            </tr>
+        </thead>
+        {% for item in config_values %}
+        <tr class="{% cycle 'row1' 'row2' %}">
+            <th>
+                <span class="item-name" id="{{ item.name|slugify }}">
+                    {{ item.name }}
+                    <a class="item-anchor" href="#{{ item.name|slugify }}" title="Link to this setting">¶</a>
+                </span>
+                <div class="help">{{ item.help_text|linebreaksbr }}</div>
+            </th>
+            <td>
+                {{ item.default|linebreaks }}
+            </td>
+            <td>
+                {{ item.form_field.errors }}
+                {% if item.is_file %}{% trans "Current file" %}: <a href="{% get_media_prefix as MEDIA_URL %}{{ MEDIA_URL }}{{ item.value }}" target="_blank">{{ item.value }}</a>{% endif %}
+                {{ item.form_field }}
+                {% if not item.is_file %}
+                    <br>
+                    <a href="#" class="reset-link"
+                        data-field-id="{{ item.form_field.auto_id }}"
+                        data-field-type="{% spaceless %}
+                        {% if item.is_checkbox %}checkbox
+                        {% elif item.is_multi_select %}multi-select
+                        {% elif item.is_datetime %}datetime
+                        {% elif item.is_date %}date
+                        {% endif %}
+                        {% endspaceless %}"
+                        data-default="{% spaceless %}
+                        {% if item.is_checkbox %}{% if item.raw_default %} true {% else %} false {% endif %}
+                        {% elif item.is_multi_select %}{{ item.json_default }}
+                        {% elif item.is_date %}{{ item.raw_default|date:"U" }}
+                        {% elif item.is_datetime %}{{ item.raw_default|date:"U" }}
+                        {% else %}{{ item.default }}
+                        {% endif %}
+                        {% endspaceless %}">{% trans "Reset to default" %}</a>
+                {% endif %}
+            </td>
+            <td>
+                {% if item.modified %}
+                    <img src="{% static 'admin/img/icon-yes.'|add:icon_type %}" alt="{{ item.modified }}">
+                {% else %}
+                    <img src="{% static 'admin/img/icon-no.'|add:icon_type %}" alt="{{ item.modified }}">
+                {% endif %}
+            </td>
         </tr>
-    </thead>
-    {% for item in config_values %}
-    <tr class="{% cycle 'row1' 'row2' %}">
-        <th>
-            {{ item.name }} <div class="help">{{ item.help_text|linebreaksbr }}</div>
-        </th>
-        <td>
-            {{ item.default|linebreaks }}
-        </td>
-        <td>
-            {{ item.form_field.errors }}
-            {% if item.is_file %}{% trans "Current file" %}: <a href="{% get_media_prefix as MEDIA_URL %}{{ MEDIA_URL }}{{ item.value }}" target="_blank">{{ item.value }}</a>{% endif %}
-            {{ item.form_field }}
-            <br>
-            <a href="#" class="reset-link"
-                data-field-id="{{ item.form_field.auto_id }}"
-                data-field-type="{% spaceless %}
-                {% if item.is_checkbox %}checkbox
-                {% elif item.is_date %}date
-                {% elif item.is_datetime %}datetime
-                {% endif %}
-                {% endspaceless %}"
-                data-default="{% spaceless %}
-                {% if item.is_checkbox %}{% if item.raw_default %} true {% else %} false {% endif %}
-                {% elif item.is_date %}{{ item.raw_default|date:"U" }}
-                {% elif item.is_datetime %}{{ item.raw_default|date:"U" }}
-                {% else %}{{ item.default }}
-                {% endif %}
-                {% endspaceless %}">{% trans "Reset to default" %}</a>
-        </td>
-        <td>
-            {% if item.modified %}
-                <img src="{% static 'admin/img/icon-yes.'|add:icon_type %}" alt="{{ item.modified }}" />
-            {% else %}
-                <img src="{% static 'admin/img/icon-no.'|add:icon_type %}" alt="{{ item.modified }}" />
-            {% endif %}
-        </td>
-    </tr>
-    {% endfor %}
-</table>
+        {% endfor %}
+    </table>
+</div>

constance/test/__init__.py

@@ -1 +1,3 @@
-from .utils import override_config
+from .unittest import override_config  # pragma: no cover
+
+__all__ = ["override_config"]

constance/test/pytest.py

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+"""
+Pytest constance override config plugin.
+
+Inspired by https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest-django/.
+"""
+
+from contextlib import ContextDecorator
+
+import pytest
+
+from constance import config as constance_config
+
+
+@pytest.hookimpl(trylast=True)
+def pytest_configure(config):  # pragma: no cover
+    """Register override_config marker."""
+    config.addinivalue_line("markers", ("override_config(**kwargs): mark test to override django-constance config"))
+
+
+@pytest.hookimpl(hookwrapper=True)
+def pytest_runtest_call(item):  # pragma: no cover
+    """Validate constance override marker params. Run test with overridden config."""
+    marker = item.get_closest_marker("override_config")
+    if marker is not None:
+        if marker.args:
+            pytest.fail("Constance override can not not accept positional args")
+        with override_config(**marker.kwargs):
+            yield
+    else:
+        yield
+
+
+class override_config(ContextDecorator):
+    """
+    Override config while running test function.
+
+    Act as context manager and decorator.
+    """
+
+    def enable(self):
+        """Store original config values and set overridden values."""
+        for key, value in self._to_override.items():
+            self._original_values[key] = getattr(constance_config, key)
+            setattr(constance_config, key, value)
+
+    def disable(self):
+        """Set original values to the config."""
+        for key, value in self._original_values.items():
+            setattr(constance_config, key, value)
+
+    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
+        self._to_override = kwargs.copy()
+        self._original_values = {}
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        self.enable()
+
+    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
+        self.disable()
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(name="override_config")
+def _override_config():
+    """Make override_config available as a function fixture."""
+    return override_config

constance/test/unittest.py

@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 from functools import wraps
 
+from django import VERSION as DJANGO_VERSION
 from django.test import SimpleTestCase
 from django.test.utils import override_settings
 
-from .. import config
+from constance import config
 
-__all__ = ('override_config',)
+__all__ = ("override_config",)
 
 
 class override_config(override_settings):
@@ -14,25 +15,23 @@ class override_config(override_settings):
 
     Based on django.test.utils.override_settings.
     """
+
     def __init__(self, **kwargs):
-        super(override_config, self).__init__(**kwargs)
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)
         self.original_values = {}
 
     def __call__(self, test_func):
-        """
-        Modify the decorated function to override config values.
-        """
+        """Modify the decorated function to override config values."""
         if isinstance(test_func, type):
             if not issubclass(test_func, SimpleTestCase):
-                raise Exception(
-                    "Only subclasses of Django SimpleTestCase can be "
-                    "decorated with override_config")
+                raise Exception("Only subclasses of Django SimpleTestCase can be decorated with override_config")
             return self.modify_test_case(test_func)
-        else:
-            @wraps(test_func)
-            def inner(*args, **kwargs):
-                with self:
-                    return test_func(*args, **kwargs)
+
+        @wraps(test_func)
+        def inner(*args, **kwargs):
+            with self:
+                return test_func(*args, **kwargs)
+
         return inner
 
     def modify_test_case(self, test_case):
@@ -46,9 +45,20 @@ class override_config(override_settings):
         original_pre_setup = test_case._pre_setup
         original_post_teardown = test_case._post_teardown
 
-        def _pre_setup(inner_self):
-            self.enable()
-            original_pre_setup(inner_self)
+        if DJANGO_VERSION < (5, 2):
+
+            def _pre_setup(inner_self):
+                self.enable()
+                original_pre_setup(inner_self)
+
+        else:
+
+            @classmethod
+            def _pre_setup(cls):
+                # NOTE: Django 5.2 turned this as a classmethod
+                # https://github.com/django/django/pull/18514/files
+                self.enable()
+                original_pre_setup()
 
         def _post_teardown(inner_self):
             original_post_teardown(inner_self)
@@ -60,26 +70,20 @@ class override_config(override_settings):
         return test_case
 
     def enable(self):
-        """
-        Store original config values and set overridden values.
-        """
+        """Store original config values and set overridden values."""
         # Store the original values to an instance variable
         for config_key in self.options:
             self.original_values[config_key] = getattr(config, config_key)
 
-        # Update config with the overriden values
+        # Update config with the overridden values
         self.unpack_values(self.options)
 
     def disable(self):
-        """
-        Set original values to the config.
-        """
+        """Set original values to the config."""
         self.unpack_values(self.original_values)
 
     @staticmethod
     def unpack_values(options):
-        """
-        Unpack values from the given dict to config.
-        """
+        """Unpack values from the given dict to config."""
         for name, value in options.items():
             setattr(config, name, value)

constance/utils.py

@@ -1,6 +1,76 @@
 from importlib import import_module
 
+from . import LazyConfig
+from . import settings
+
+config = LazyConfig()
+
 
 def import_module_attr(path):
-    package, module = path.rsplit('.', 1)
+    package, module = path.rsplit(".", 1)
     return getattr(import_module(package), module)
+
+
+def get_values():
+    """
+    Get dictionary of values from the backend
+    :return:
+    """
+    # First load a mapping between config name and default value
+    default_initial = ((name, options[0]) for name, options in settings.CONFIG.items())
+    # Then update the mapping with actually values from the backend
+    return dict(default_initial, **config._backend.mget(settings.CONFIG))
+
+
+async def aget_values():
+    """
+    Get dictionary of values from the backend asynchronously
+    :return:
+    """
+    default_initial = {name: options[0] for name, options in settings.CONFIG.items()}
+    backend_values = await config.amget(settings.CONFIG.keys())
+    return dict(default_initial, **backend_values)
+
+
+def get_values_for_keys(keys):
+    """
+    Retrieve values for specified keys from the backend.
+
+    :param keys: List of keys to retrieve.
+    :return: Dictionary with values for the specified keys.
+    :raises AttributeError: If any key is not found in the configuration.
+    """
+    if not isinstance(keys, (list, tuple, set)):
+        raise TypeError("keys must be a list, tuple, or set of strings")
+
+    # Prepare default initial mapping
+    default_initial = {name: options[0] for name, options in settings.CONFIG.items() if name in keys}
+
+    # Check if all keys are present in the default_initial mapping
+    missing_keys = [key for key in keys if key not in default_initial]
+    if missing_keys:
+        raise AttributeError(f'"{", ".join(missing_keys)}" keys not found in configuration.')
+
+    # Merge default values and backend values, prioritizing backend values
+    return dict(default_initial, **config._backend.mget(keys))
+
+
+async def aget_values_for_keys(keys):
+    """
+    Retrieve values for specified keys from the backend asynchronously.
+
+    :param keys: List of keys to retrieve.
+    :return: Dictionary with values for the specified keys.
+    :raises AttributeError: If any key is not found in the configuration.
+    """
+    if not isinstance(keys, (list, tuple, set)):
+        raise TypeError("keys must be a list, tuple, or set of strings")
+
+    default_initial = {name: options[0] for name, options in settings.CONFIG.items() if name in keys}
+
+    missing_keys = [key for key in keys if key not in default_initial]
+    if missing_keys:
+        raise AttributeError(f'"{", ".join(missing_keys)}" keys not found in configuration.')
+
+    backend_values = await config.amget(keys)
+    return dict(default_initial, **backend_values)

docs/Makefile

@@ -1,177 +1,20 @@
-# Makefile for Sphinx documentation
+# Minimal makefile for Sphinx documentation
 #
 
-# You can set these variables from the command line.
-SPHINXOPTS    =
-SPHINXBUILD   = sphinx-build
-PAPER         =
+# You can set these variables from the command line, and also
+# from the environment for the first two.
+SPHINXOPTS    ?=
+SPHINXBUILD   ?= sphinx-build
+SOURCEDIR     = .
 BUILDDIR      = _build
 
-# User-friendly check for sphinx-build
-ifeq ($(shell which $(SPHINXBUILD) >/dev/null 2>&1; echo $$?), 1)
-$(error The '$(SPHINXBUILD)' command was not found. Make sure you have Sphinx installed, then set the SPHINXBUILD environment variable to point to the full path of the '$(SPHINXBUILD)' executable. Alternatively you can add the directory with the executable to your PATH. If you don't have Sphinx installed, grab it from http://sphinx-doc.org/)
-endif
-
-# Internal variables.
-PAPEROPT_a4     = -D latex_paper_size=a4
-PAPEROPT_letter = -D latex_paper_size=letter
-ALLSPHINXOPTS   = -d $(BUILDDIR)/doctrees $(PAPEROPT_$(PAPER)) $(SPHINXOPTS) .
-# the i18n builder cannot share the environment and doctrees with the others
-I18NSPHINXOPTS  = $(PAPEROPT_$(PAPER)) $(SPHINXOPTS) .
-
-.PHONY: help clean html dirhtml singlehtml pickle json htmlhelp qthelp devhelp epub latex latexpdf text man changes linkcheck doctest gettext
-
+# Put it first so that "make" without argument is like "make help".
 help:
-	@echo "Please use \`make <target>' where <target> is one of"
-	@echo "  html       to make standalone HTML files"
-	@echo "  dirhtml    to make HTML files named index.html in directories"
-	@echo "  singlehtml to make a single large HTML file"
-	@echo "  pickle     to make pickle files"
-	@echo "  json       to make JSON files"
-	@echo "  htmlhelp   to make HTML files and a HTML help project"
-	@echo "  qthelp     to make HTML files and a qthelp project"
-	@echo "  devhelp    to make HTML files and a Devhelp project"
-	@echo "  epub       to make an epub"
-	@echo "  latex      to make LaTeX files, you can set PAPER=a4 or PAPER=letter"
-	@echo "  latexpdf   to make LaTeX files and run them through pdflatex"
-	@echo "  latexpdfja to make LaTeX files and run them through platex/dvipdfmx"
-	@echo "  text       to make text files"
-	@echo "  man        to make manual pages"
-	@echo "  texinfo    to make Texinfo files"
-	@echo "  info       to make Texinfo files and run them through makeinfo"
-	@echo "  gettext    to make PO message catalogs"
-	@echo "  changes    to make an overview of all changed/added/deprecated items"
-	@echo "  xml        to make Docutils-native XML files"
-	@echo "  pseudoxml  to make pseudoxml-XML files for display purposes"
-	@echo "  linkcheck  to check all external links for integrity"
-	@echo "  doctest    to run all doctests embedded in the documentation (if enabled)"
+	@$(SPHINXBUILD) -M help "$(SOURCEDIR)" "$(BUILDDIR)" $(SPHINXOPTS) $(O)
 
-clean:
-	rm -rf $(BUILDDIR)/*
+.PHONY: help Makefile
 
-html:
-	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b html $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/html
-	@echo
-	@echo "Build finished. The HTML pages are in $(BUILDDIR)/html."
-
-dirhtml:
-	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b dirhtml $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/dirhtml
-	@echo
-	@echo "Build finished. The HTML pages are in $(BUILDDIR)/dirhtml."
-
-singlehtml:
-	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b singlehtml $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/singlehtml
-	@echo
-	@echo "Build finished. The HTML page is in $(BUILDDIR)/singlehtml."
-
-pickle:
-	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b pickle $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/pickle
-	@echo
-	@echo "Build finished; now you can process the pickle files."
-
-json:
-	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b json $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/json
-	@echo
-	@echo "Build finished; now you can process the JSON files."
-
-htmlhelp:
-	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b htmlhelp $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/htmlhelp
-	@echo
-	@echo "Build finished; now you can run HTML Help Workshop with the" \
-	      ".hhp project file in $(BUILDDIR)/htmlhelp."
-
-qthelp:
-	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b qthelp $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/qthelp
-	@echo
-	@echo "Build finished; now you can run "qcollectiongenerator" with the" \
-	      ".qhcp project file in $(BUILDDIR)/qthelp, like this:"
-	@echo "# qcollectiongenerator $(BUILDDIR)/qthelp/django-constance.qhcp"
-	@echo "To view the help file:"
-	@echo "# assistant -collectionFile $(BUILDDIR)/qthelp/django-constance.qhc"
-
-devhelp:
-	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b devhelp $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/devhelp
-	@echo
-	@echo "Build finished."
-	@echo "To view the help file:"
-	@echo "# mkdir -p $$HOME/.local/share/devhelp/django-constance"
-	@echo "# ln -s $(BUILDDIR)/devhelp $$HOME/.local/share/devhelp/django-constance"
-	@echo "# devhelp"
-
-epub:
-	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b epub $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/epub
-	@echo
-	@echo "Build finished. The epub file is in $(BUILDDIR)/epub."
-
-latex:
-	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b latex $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/latex
-	@echo
-	@echo "Build finished; the LaTeX files are in $(BUILDDIR)/latex."
-	@echo "Run \`make' in that directory to run these through (pdf)latex" \
-	      "(use \`make latexpdf' here to do that automatically)."
-
-latexpdf:
-	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b latex $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/latex
-	@echo "Running LaTeX files through pdflatex..."
-	$(MAKE) -C $(BUILDDIR)/latex all-pdf
-	@echo "pdflatex finished; the PDF files are in $(BUILDDIR)/latex."
-
-latexpdfja:
-	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b latex $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/latex
-	@echo "Running LaTeX files through platex and dvipdfmx..."
-	$(MAKE) -C $(BUILDDIR)/latex all-pdf-ja
-	@echo "pdflatex finished; the PDF files are in $(BUILDDIR)/latex."
-
-text:
-	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b text $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/text
-	@echo
-	@echo "Build finished. The text files are in $(BUILDDIR)/text."
-
-man:
-	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b man $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/man
-	@echo
-	@echo "Build finished. The manual pages are in $(BUILDDIR)/man."
-
-texinfo:
-	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b texinfo $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/texinfo
-	@echo
-	@echo "Build finished. The Texinfo files are in $(BUILDDIR)/texinfo."
-	@echo "Run \`make' in that directory to run these through makeinfo" \
-	      "(use \`make info' here to do that automatically)."
-
-info:
-	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b texinfo $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/texinfo
-	@echo "Running Texinfo files through makeinfo..."
-	make -C $(BUILDDIR)/texinfo info
-	@echo "makeinfo finished; the Info files are in $(BUILDDIR)/texinfo."
-
-gettext:
-	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b gettext $(I18NSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/locale
-	@echo
-	@echo "Build finished. The message catalogs are in $(BUILDDIR)/locale."
-
-changes:
-	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b changes $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/changes
-	@echo
-	@echo "The overview file is in $(BUILDDIR)/changes."
-
-linkcheck:
-	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b linkcheck $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/linkcheck
-	@echo
-	@echo "Link check complete; look for any errors in the above output " \
-	      "or in $(BUILDDIR)/linkcheck/output.txt."
-
-doctest:
-	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b doctest $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/doctest
-	@echo "Testing of doctests in the sources finished, look at the " \
-	      "results in $(BUILDDIR)/doctest/output.txt."
-
-xml:
-	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b xml $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/xml
-	@echo
-	@echo "Build finished. The XML files are in $(BUILDDIR)/xml."
-
-pseudoxml:
-	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b pseudoxml $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/pseudoxml
-	@echo
-	@echo "Build finished. The pseudo-XML files are in $(BUILDDIR)/pseudoxml."
+# Catch-all target: route all unknown targets to Sphinx using the new
+# "make mode" option.  $(O) is meant as a shortcut for $(SPHINXOPTS).
+%: Makefile
+	@$(SPHINXBUILD) -M $@ "$(SOURCEDIR)" "$(BUILDDIR)" $(SPHINXOPTS) $(O)

docs/backends.rst

@@ -10,6 +10,9 @@ configuration values. By default it uses the Redis backend. To override
 the default please set the :setting:`CONSTANCE_BACKEND` setting to the appropriate
 dotted path.
 
+Configuration values are stored in JSON format and automatically serialized/deserialized
+on access.
+
 Redis
 -----
 
@@ -23,7 +26,15 @@ to add it to your project settings::
 
     CONSTANCE_BACKEND = 'constance.backends.redisd.RedisBackend'
 
-.. _`redis-py`: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/redis
+Default redis backend retrieves values every time. There is another redis backend with local cache.
+`CachingRedisBackend` stores the value from a redis to memory at first access and checks a value ttl at next.
+Configuration installation is simple::
+
+    CONSTANCE_BACKEND = 'constance.backends.redisd.CachingRedisBackend'
+    # optionally set a value ttl
+    CONSTANCE_REDIS_CACHE_TIMEOUT = 60
+
+.. _`redis-py`: https://pypi.org/project/redis/
 
 Settings
 ^^^^^^^^
@@ -52,7 +63,7 @@ An (optional) dotted import path to a connection to use, e.g.::
 
     CONSTANCE_REDIS_CONNECTION_CLASS = 'myproject.myapp.mockup.Connection'
 
-If you are using `django-redis <http://niwinz.github.io/django-redis/latest/>`_,
+If you are using `django-redis <https://github.com/jazzband/django-redis>`_,
 feel free to use the ``CONSTANCE_REDIS_CONNECTION_CLASS`` setting to define
 a callable that returns a redis connection, e.g.::
 
@@ -66,30 +77,25 @@ database. Defaults to ``'constance:'``. E.g.::
 
     CONSTANCE_REDIS_PREFIX = 'constance:myproject:'
 
+
+``CONSTANCE_REDIS_CACHE_TIMEOUT``
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The (optional) ttl of values in seconds used by `CachingRedisBackend` for storing in a local cache.
+Defaults to `60` seconds.
+
 Database
 --------
 
-The database backend is optional and stores the configuration values in a
-standard Django model. It requires the package `django-picklefield`_ for
-storing those values. Please install it like so::
-
-  pip install django-constance[database]
+Database backend stores configuration values in a standard Django model.
 
 You must set the ``CONSTANCE_BACKEND`` Django setting to::
 
     CONSTANCE_BACKEND = 'constance.backends.database.DatabaseBackend'
 
-Then add the database backend app to your :setting:`INSTALLED_APPS` setting to
-make sure the data model is correctly created::
-
-    INSTALLED_APPS = (
-        # other apps
-        'constance.backends.database',
-    )
-
 Please make sure to apply the database migrations::
 
-    python manage.py migrate database
+    python manage.py migrate
 
 .. note:: If you're upgrading Constance to 1.0 and use Django 1.7 or higher
           please make sure to let the migration system know that you've
@@ -99,6 +105,7 @@ Please make sure to apply the database migrations::
 
               python manage.py migrate database --fake
 
+
 Just like the Redis backend you can set an optional prefix that is used during
 database interactions (it defaults to an empty string, ``''``). To use
 something else do this::
@@ -127,9 +134,32 @@ configured cache backend to enable this feature, e.g. "default"::
              cache backend included in Django because correct cache
              invalidation can't be guaranteed.
 
+             If you try this, Constance will throw an error and refuse
+             to let your application start. You can work around this by
+             subclassing ``constance.backends.database.DatabaseBackend``
+             and overriding `__init__` to remove the check. You'll
+             want to consult the source code for that function to see
+             exactly how.
+
+             We're deliberately being vague about this, because it's
+             dangerous; the behavior is undefined, and could even cause
+             your app to crash. Nevertheless, there are some limited
+             circumstances in which this could be useful, but please
+             think carefully before going down this path.
+
 .. note:: By default Constance will autofill the cache on startup and after
           saving any of the config values. If you want to disable the cache
           simply set the :setting:`CONSTANCE_DATABASE_CACHE_AUTOFILL_TIMEOUT`
           setting to ``None``.
 
-.. _django-picklefield: http://pypi.python.org/pypi/django-picklefield/
+Memory
+------
+
+The configuration values are stored in a memory and do not persist between process
+restarts. In order to use this backend you must set the ``CONSTANCE_BACKEND``
+Django setting to::
+
+    CONSTANCE_BACKEND = 'constance.backends.memory.MemoryBackend'
+
+The main purpose of this one is to be used mostly for testing/developing means,
+so make sure you intentionally use it on production environments.

docs/changes.rst

@@ -1,12 +1,186 @@
 Changelog
 ---------
+Starting with version 4.0.0, the changelog is maintained at the GitHub releases `GitHub releases`_
+
+.. _GitHub releases: https://github.com/jazzband/django-constance/releases
+
+v4.0.0 (2024/08/21)
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+* Replace `pickle` with JSON for the database backend
+* Fix migration on MySQL
+* Fix data loss using `DatabaseBackend` when the DB connection is unstable
+* Fix typos in the documentation
+* Fix small HTML errors
+* Drop support for legacy Django versions
+* Migrate JavaScript to ES2015
+* Fix documentation build
+* Add linters and formatters (using `ruff`)
+* Add support for Django 5.1 and 5.2
+* Migrate from `setup.py` to `pyproject.toml`
+* Bump `tox`
+* Declare support for Python 3.12
+
+v3.1.0 (2023/08/21)
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+* Add support for using a subdirectory of `MEDIA_ROOT` for file fields
+
+* Remove pypy from tox tests
+
+v3.0.0 (2023/07/27)
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+* Refactor database backend
+  Backward incompatible changes:
+  remove ``'constance.backends.database'`` from ``INSTALLED_APPS``
+
+* Dropped support for python < 3.7 and django < 3.2
+
+* Example app now supports django 4.1
+
+* Add support for django 4.2
+
+* Forward the request when saving the admin changelist form
+
+v2.9.1 (2022/08/11)
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+* Add support for gettext in fieldset headers
+
+* Add support for Django 4.1
+
+* Fix text format for MultiValueField usage
+
+v2.9.0 (2022/03/11)
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+* Added arabic translation
+
+* Add concrete_model class attribute to fake admin model
+
+* Added tests for django 3.2
+
+* Fix do not detect datetime fields as date type
+
+* Added support for python 3.10
+
+* Fixes for Ukrainian locale
+
+* Added documentation for constance_dbs config
+
+* Add caching redis backend
+
+* Serialize according to widget
+
+* Add default_auto_field to database backend
+
+v2.8.0 (2020/11/19)
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+* Prevent reset to default for file field
+
+* Fields_list can be a dictionary, when a fieldset is defined as collapsible
+
+* Create and add fa language translations files
+
+* Respect other classes added by admin templates
+
+* Removed deprecated url()
+
+* Use gettext_lazy instead of ugettext_lazy
+
+* Updated python and django version support
+
+v2.7.0 (2020/06/22)
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+* Deleted south migrations
+
+* Improve grammar of documentation index file
+
+* Simplify documentation installation section
+
+* Fix IntegrityError after 2.5.0 release
+  (Allow concurrent calls to `DatabaseBackend.set()` method)
+
+* Make groups of fieldsets collapsable
+
+* Allow override_config for pytest
+
+* Put back wheel generation in travis
+
+* Fix wrong "is modified" in admin for multi line strings
+
+* Switch md5 to sha256
+
+* Fix Attempts to change config values fail silently and
+  appear to succeed when user does not have change permissions
+
+* Make constance app verbose name translatable
+
+* Update example project for Django>2
+
+* Add anchors in admin for constance settings
+
+* Added a sticky footer in django constance admin
+
+* Add memory backend
+
+* Added Ukrainian locale
+
+* Added lazy checks for pytest
+
+v2.6.0 (2020/01/29)
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+* Drop support py<3.5 django<2.2
+
+* Set pickle protocol version for the Redis backend
+
+* Add a command to delete stale records
+
+v2.5.0 (2019/12/23)
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+* Made results table responsive for Django 2 admin
+
+* Add a Django system check that CONFIG_FIELDSETS accounts for all of CONFIG
+
+* Rewrite set() method of database backend to reduce number of queries
+
+* Fixed "can't compare offset-naive and offset-aware datetimes" when USE_TZ = True
+
+* Fixed compatibility issue with Django 3.0 due to django.utils.six
+
+* Add Turkish language
+
+v2.4.0 (2019/03/16)
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+* Show not existing fields in field_list
+
+* Drop Django<1.11 and 2.0, fix tests vs Django 2.2b
+
+* Fixed "Reset to default" button with constants whose name contains a space
+
+* Use default_storage to save file
+
+* Allow null & blank for PickleField
+
+* Removed Python 3.4 since is not longer supported
+
+v2.3.1 (2018/09/20)
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+* Fixes javascript typo.
 
 v2.3.0 (2018/09/13)
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 * Added zh_Hans translation.
 
-* Fixed TestAdmin.test_linebreaks() due to linebreaksbr() behavior change 
+* Fixed TestAdmin.test_linebreaks() due to linebreaksbr() behavior change
   on Django 2.1
 
 * Improved chinese translation

docs/conf.py

@@ -1,268 +1,108 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Configuration file for the Sphinx documentation builder.
 #
-# django-constance documentation build configuration file, created by
-# sphinx-quickstart on Tue Nov 25 19:38:51 2014.
-#
-# This file is execfile()d with the current directory set to its
-# containing dir.
-#
-# Note that not all possible configuration values are present in this
-# autogenerated file.
-#
-# All configuration values have a default; values that are commented out
-# serve to show the default.
-import sys
-import os
+# For the full list of built-in configuration values, see the documentation:
+# https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/usage/configuration.html
 
-os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'tests.settings')
+import os
+import sys
+from datetime import datetime
+
+
+def get_version():
+    # Try to get version from installed package metadata
+    try:
+        from importlib.metadata import PackageNotFoundError
+        from importlib.metadata import version
+
+        return version("django-constance")
+    except (ImportError, PackageNotFoundError):
+        pass
+
+    # Fall back to setuptools_scm generated version file
+    try:
+        from constance._version import __version__
+
+        return __version__
+    except ImportError:
+        pass
+
+    return "0.0.0"
+
+
+os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "tests.settings")
 
 # If extensions (or modules to document with autodoc) are in another directory,
 # add these directories to sys.path here. If the directory is relative to the
 # documentation root, use os.path.abspath to make it absolute, like shown here.
-sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath('extensions'))
-sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath('..'))
+sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath("extensions"))
+sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath(".."))
+
+# -- Project information -----------------------------------------------------
+# https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/usage/configuration.html#project-information
+
+project = "django-constance"
+project_copyright = datetime.now().year.__str__() + ", Jazzband"
+
+# The full version, including alpha/beta/rc tags
+release = get_version()
+# The short X.Y version
+version = ".".join(release.split(".")[:3])
 
 # -- General configuration ------------------------------------------------
+# https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/usage/configuration.html#general-configuration
 
-# If your documentation needs a minimal Sphinx version, state it here.
-#needs_sphinx = '1.0'
+extensions = [
+    "sphinx.ext.intersphinx",
+    "sphinx.ext.todo",
+    "sphinx_search.extension",
+    "settings",
+]
 
-# Add any Sphinx extension module names here, as strings. They can be
-# extensions coming with Sphinx (named 'sphinx.ext.*') or your custom
-# ones.
-extensions = ['sphinx.ext.intersphinx', 'settings']
+templates_path = ["_templates"]
+source_suffix = ".rst"
+root_doc = "index"
+exclude_patterns = ["_build", "Thumbs.db", ".DS_Store"]
+pygments_style = "sphinx"
+html_last_updated_fmt = ""
 
-# Add any paths that contain templates here, relative to this directory.
-templates_path = ['_templates']
-
-# The suffix of source filenames.
-source_suffix = '.rst'
-
-# The encoding of source files.
-#source_encoding = 'utf-8-sig'
-
-# The master toctree document.
-master_doc = 'index'
-
-# General information about the project.
-project = u'django-constance'
-copyright = u'2017, Jazzband'
-
-# The short X.Y version.
-try:
-    from constance import __version__
-    # The short X.Y version.
-    version = '.'.join(__version__.split('.')[:2])
-    # The full version, including alpha/beta/rc tags.
-    release = __version__
-except ImportError:
-    version = release = 'dev'
-
-# The language for content autogenerated by Sphinx. Refer to documentation
-# for a list of supported languages.
-#language = None
-
-# There are two options for replacing |today|: either, you set today to some
-# non-false value, then it is used:
-#today = ''
-# Else, today_fmt is used as the format for a strftime call.
-#today_fmt = '%B %d, %Y'
-
-# List of patterns, relative to source directory, that match files and
-# directories to ignore when looking for source files.
-exclude_patterns = ['_build']
-
-# The reST default role (used for this markup: `text`) to use for all
-# documents.
-#default_role = None
-
-# If true, '()' will be appended to :func: etc. cross-reference text.
-#add_function_parentheses = True
-
-# If true, the current module name will be prepended to all description
-# unit titles (such as .. function::).
-#add_module_names = True
-
-# If true, sectionauthor and moduleauthor directives will be shown in the
-# output. They are ignored by default.
-#show_authors = False
-
-# The name of the Pygments (syntax highlighting) style to use.
-pygments_style = 'sphinx'
-
-# A list of ignored prefixes for module index sorting.
-#modindex_common_prefix = []
-
-# If true, keep warnings as "system message" paragraphs in the built documents.
-#keep_warnings = False
-
-
-# -- Options for HTML output ----------------------------------------------
-
-# The theme to use for HTML and HTML Help pages.  See the documentation for
-# a list of builtin themes.
-html_theme = 'sphinx_rtd_theme'
-
-# Theme options are theme-specific and customize the look and feel of a theme
-# further.  For a list of options available for each theme, see the
-# documentation.
-#html_theme_options = {}
-
-# Add any paths that contain custom themes here, relative to this directory.
-#html_theme_path = []
-
-# The name for this set of Sphinx documents.  If None, it defaults to
-# "<project> v<release> documentation".
-#html_title = None
-
-# A shorter title for the navigation bar.  Default is the same as html_title.
-#html_short_title = None
-
-# The name of an image file (relative to this directory) to place at the top
-# of the sidebar.
-#html_logo = None
-
-# The name of an image file (within the static path) to use as favicon of the
-# docs.  This file should be a Windows icon file (.ico) being 16x16 or 32x32
-# pixels large.
-#html_favicon = None
-
-# Add any paths that contain custom static files (such as style sheets) here,
-# relative to this directory. They are copied after the builtin static files,
-# so a file named "default.css" will overwrite the builtin "default.css".
-html_static_path = ['_static']
-
-# Add any extra paths that contain custom files (such as robots.txt or
-# .htaccess) here, relative to this directory. These files are copied
-# directly to the root of the documentation.
-#html_extra_path = []
-
-# If not '', a 'Last updated on:' timestamp is inserted at every page bottom,
-# using the given strftime format.
-#html_last_updated_fmt = '%b %d, %Y'
-
-# If true, SmartyPants will be used to convert quotes and dashes to
-# typographically correct entities.
-#html_use_smartypants = True
-
-# Custom sidebar templates, maps document names to template names.
-#html_sidebars = {}
-
-# Additional templates that should be rendered to pages, maps page names to
-# template names.
-#html_additional_pages = {}
-
-# If false, no module index is generated.
-#html_domain_indices = True
-
-# If false, no index is generated.
-#html_use_index = True
-
-# If true, the index is split into individual pages for each letter.
-#html_split_index = False
-
-# If true, links to the reST sources are added to the pages.
-#html_show_sourcelink = True
-
-# If true, "Created using Sphinx" is shown in the HTML footer. Default is True.
-#html_show_sphinx = True
-
-# If true, "(C) Copyright ..." is shown in the HTML footer. Default is True.
-#html_show_copyright = True
-
-# If true, an OpenSearch description file will be output, and all pages will
-# contain a <link> tag referring to it.  The value of this option must be the
-# base URL from which the finished HTML is served.
-#html_use_opensearch = ''
-
-# This is the file name suffix for HTML files (e.g. ".xhtml").
-#html_file_suffix = None
-
-# Output file base name for HTML help builder.
-htmlhelp_basename = 'django-constancedoc'
+# -- Options for HTML output -------------------------------------------------
+# https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/usage/configuration.html#options-for-html-output
 
+html_theme = "sphinx_rtd_theme"
+html_static_path = ["_static"]
+htmlhelp_basename = "django-constancedoc"
 
 # -- Options for LaTeX output ---------------------------------------------
+# https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/usage/configuration.html#options-for-latex-output
 
-latex_elements = {
-# The paper size ('letterpaper' or 'a4paper').
-#'papersize': 'letterpaper',
+latex_elements = {}
 
-# The font size ('10pt', '11pt' or '12pt').
-#'pointsize': '10pt',
-
-# Additional stuff for the LaTeX preamble.
-#'preamble': '',
-}
-
-# Grouping the document tree into LaTeX files. List of tuples
-# (source start file, target name, title,
-#  author, documentclass [howto, manual, or own class]).
 latex_documents = [
-  ('index', 'django-constance.tex', u'django-constance Documentation',
-   u'Jazzband', 'manual'),
+    ("index", "django-constance.tex", "django-constance Documentation", "Jazzband", "manual"),
 ]
 
-# The name of an image file (relative to this directory) to place at the top of
-# the title page.
-#latex_logo = None
-
-# For "manual" documents, if this is true, then toplevel headings are parts,
-# not chapters.
-#latex_use_parts = False
-
-# If true, show page references after internal links.
-#latex_show_pagerefs = False
-
-# If true, show URL addresses after external links.
-#latex_show_urls = False
-
-# Documents to append as an appendix to all manuals.
-#latex_appendices = []
-
-# If false, no module index is generated.
-#latex_domain_indices = True
-
-
 # -- Options for manual page output ---------------------------------------
+# https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/usage/configuration.html#options-for-manual-page-output
 
-# One entry per manual page. List of tuples
-# (source start file, name, description, authors, manual section).
-man_pages = [
-    ('index', 'django-constance', u'django-constance Documentation',
-     [u'Jazzband'], 1)
-]
-
-# If true, show URL addresses after external links.
-#man_show_urls = False
-
+man_pages = [("index", "django-constance", "django-constance Documentation", ["Jazzband"], 1)]
 
 # -- Options for Texinfo output -------------------------------------------
+# https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/usage/configuration.html#options-for-texinfo-output
 
-# Grouping the document tree into Texinfo files. List of tuples
-# (source start file, target name, title, author,
-#  dir menu entry, description, category)
 texinfo_documents = [
-  ('index', 'django-constance', u'django-constance Documentation',
-   u'Jazzband', 'django-constance', 'One line description of project.',
-   'Miscellaneous'),
+    (
+        "index",
+        "django-constance",
+        "django-constance Documentation",
+        "Jazzband",
+        "django-constance",
+        "One line description of project.",
+        "Miscellaneous",
+    ),
 ]
 
-# Documents to append as an appendix to all manuals.
-#texinfo_appendices = []
-
-# If false, no module index is generated.
-#texinfo_domain_indices = True
-
-# How to display URL addresses: 'footnote', 'no', or 'inline'.
-#texinfo_show_urls = 'footnote'
-
-# If true, do not generate a @detailmenu in the "Top" node's menu.
-#texinfo_no_detailmenu = False
-
 # Example configuration for intersphinx: refer to the Python standard library.
 intersphinx_mapping = {
-    'http://docs.python.org/': None,
-    'django': ('http://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/',
-               'http://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/_objects/'),
+    "python": ("https://docs.python.org/3", None),
+    "django": ("https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/", "https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/_objects/"),
 }

docs/index.rst

@@ -5,27 +5,19 @@ Features
 --------
 
 * Easily migrate your static settings to dynamic settings.
-* Admin interface to edit the dynamic settings.
+* Edit the dynamic settings in the Django admin interface.
 
-.. image:: screenshot2.png
+.. image:: _static/screenshot2.png
 
-Installation
-------------
+Quick Installation
+------------------
 
-Install from PyPI the backend specific variant of django-constance:
-
-For the (default) Redis backend::
+.. code-block::
 
     pip install "django-constance[redis]"
 
-For the database backend::
-
-    pip install "django-constance[database]"
-
-Alternatively -- if you're sure that the dependencies are already
-installed -- you can also run::
-
-    pip install django-constance
+For complete installation instructions, including how to install the
+database backend, see :ref:`Backends <backends>`.
 
 Configuration
 -------------
@@ -52,7 +44,11 @@ the :setting:`CONSTANCE_CONFIG` section, like this:
                            'The Universe, and Everything'),
     }
 
-.. note::  If you use admin extensions like `Grapelli <http://grappelliproject.com/>`_, ``'constance'`` should be added in :setting:`INSTALLED_APPS` *before* that extension
+.. note:: Add constance *before* your project apps.
+
+.. note::  If you use admin extensions like
+   `Grapelli <https://grappelliproject.com/>`_, ``'constance'`` should be added
+   in :setting:`INSTALLED_APPS` *before* those extensions.
 
 Here, ``42`` is the default value for the key ``THE_ANSWER`` if it is
 not found in the backend. The other member of the tuple is a help text the
@@ -64,7 +60,8 @@ finish the configuration.
 ``django-constance``'s hashes generated in different instances of the same
 application may differ, preventing data from being saved.
 
-Use this option in order to skip hash verification.
+Use :setting:`CONSTANCE_IGNORE_ADMIN_VERSION_CHECK` in order to skip hash
+verification.
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
@@ -76,8 +73,6 @@ Signals
 
 Each time a value is changed it will trigger a ``config_updated`` signal.
 
-You can use it as:
-
 .. code-block:: python
 
     from constance.signals import config_updated
@@ -87,19 +82,14 @@ You can use it as:
         print(sender, key, old_value, new_value)
 
 The sender is the ``config`` object, and the ``key`` and ``new_value``
-are the ones just changed.
-
-This callback will get the ``config`` object as the first parameter so you
-can have an isolated function where you can access the ``config`` object
-without dealing with additional imports.
-
+are the changed settings.
 
 Custom fields
 -------------
 
 You can set the field type with the third value in the ``CONSTANCE_CONFIG`` tuple.
 
-The value can be one of the supported types or a string matching a key in your :setting:``CONSTANCE_ADDITIONAL_FIELDS``
+The value can be one of the supported types or a string matching a key in your :setting:`CONSTANCE_ADDITIONAL_FIELDS`
 
 The supported types are:
 
@@ -107,12 +97,17 @@ The supported types are:
 * ``int``
 * ``float``
 * ``Decimal``
-* ``long`` (on python 2)
 * ``str``
-* ``unicode`` (on python 2)
 * ``datetime``
+* ``timedelta``
 * ``date``
 * ``time``
+* ``list``
+* ``dict``
+
+.. note::
+    To be able to use ``list`` and ``dict`` you need to set a widget and form field for these types as it is ambiguous what types shall be stored in the collection object.
+    You can do so with :setting:`CONSTANCE_ADDITIONAL_FIELDS` as explained below.
 
 For example, to force a value to be handled as a string:
 
@@ -121,7 +116,7 @@ For example, to force a value to be handled as a string:
         'THE_ANSWER': (42, 'Answer to the Ultimate Question of Life, '
                                    'The Universe, and Everything', str),
 
-Custom field types are supported using the dictionary :setting:``CONSTANCE_ADDITIONAL_FIELDS``.
+Custom field types are supported using the dictionary :setting:`CONSTANCE_ADDITIONAL_FIELDS`.
 
 This is a mapping between a field label and a sequence (list or tuple).  The first item in the sequence is the string
 path of a field class, and the (optional) second item is a dictionary used to configure the field.
@@ -129,7 +124,7 @@ path of a field class, and the (optional) second item is a dictionary used to co
 The ``widget`` and ``widget_kwargs`` keys in the field config dictionary can be used to configure the widget used in admin,
 the other values will be passed as kwargs to the field's ``__init__()``
 
-Note: Use later evaluated strings instead of direct classes for the field and widget classes:
+.. note:: Use later evaluated strings instead of direct classes for the field and widget classes:
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
@@ -144,7 +139,7 @@ Note: Use later evaluated strings instead of direct classes for the field and wi
             'MY_SELECT_KEY': ('yes', 'select yes or no', 'yes_no_null_select'),
         }
 
-If you want to work with files you can use this configuration:
+If you want to work with images or files you can use this configuration:
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
@@ -163,15 +158,36 @@ When used in a template you probably need to use:
         {% load static %}
 
         {% get_media_prefix as MEDIA_URL %}
-        <img src="{{ MEDIA_URL }}{{ constance.LOGO_IMAGE }}">
+        <img src="{{ MEDIA_URL }}{{ config.LOGO_IMAGE }}">
 
-Images are uploaded to MEDIA_ROOT.
+Images and files are uploaded to ``MEDIA_ROOT`` by default. You can specify a subdirectory of ``MEDIA_ROOT`` to use instead by adding the ``CONSTANCE_FILE_ROOT`` setting. E.g.:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+        MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'media')
+        CONSTANCE_FILE_ROOT = 'constance'
+
+This will result in files being placed in ``media/constance`` within your ``BASE_DIR``. You can use deeper nesting in this setting (e.g. ``constance/images``) but other relative path components (e.g. ``../``) will be rejected.
+
+In case you want to store a list of ``int`` values in the constance config, a working setup is
+
+.. code-block:: python
+    
+    CONSTANCE_ADDITIONAL_FIELDS = {
+        list: ["django.forms.fields.JSONField", {"widget": "django.forms.Textarea"}],
+    }
+
+    CONSTANCE_CONFIG = {
+        'KEY': ([0, 10, 20], 'A list of integers', list),
+    }
+
+Make sure to use the ``JSONField`` for this purpose as user input in the admin page may be understood and saved as ``str`` otherwise.
 
 
 Ordered Fields in Django Admin
 ------------------------------
 
-In order to Order the fields , you can use OrderedDict collection. Here is an example:
+To sort the fields, you can use an OrderedDict:
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
@@ -187,7 +203,7 @@ In order to Order the fields , you can use OrderedDict collection. Here is an ex
 Fieldsets
 ---------
 
-To group settings together you can define fieldsets. Here's an example:
+You can define fieldsets to group settings together:
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
@@ -202,9 +218,61 @@ To group settings together you can define fieldsets. Here's an example:
             'Theme Options': ('THEME',),
         }
 
-.. note:: CONSTANCE_CONFIG_FIELDSETS must contain all fields from CONSTANCE_CONFIG
+.. note:: CONSTANCE_CONFIG_FIELDSETS must contain all fields from CONSTANCE_CONFIG.
 
-.. image:: screenshot3.png
+.. image:: _static/screenshot3.png
+
+
+Fieldsets collapsing
+--------------------
+
+To make some fieldsets collapsing you can use new format in CONSTANCE_CONFIG_FIELDSETS. Here's an example:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+        CONSTANCE_CONFIG = {
+            'SITE_NAME': ('My Title', 'Website title'),
+            'SITE_DESCRIPTION': ('', 'Website description'),
+            'THEME': ('light-blue', 'Website theme'),
+        }
+
+        CONSTANCE_CONFIG_FIELDSETS = {
+            'General Options': {
+                'fields': ('SITE_NAME', 'SITE_DESCRIPTION'),
+                'collapse': True
+            },
+            'Theme Options': ('THEME',),
+        }
+
+Field internationalization
+--------------------------
+
+Field description and fieldset headers can be integrated into Django's
+internationalization using the ``gettext_lazy`` function. Note that the
+``CONSTANCE_CONFIG_FIELDSETS`` must be converted to a tuple instead of dict
+as it is not possible to have lazy proxy objects as dictionary keys in the
+settings file. Example:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+        from django.utils.translation import gettext_lazy as _
+
+        CONSTANCE_CONFIG = {
+            'SITE_NAME': ('My Title', _('Website title')),
+            'SITE_DESCRIPTION': ('', _('Website description')),
+            'THEME': ('light-blue', _('Website theme')),
+        }
+
+        CONSTANCE_CONFIG_FIELDSETS = (
+            (
+                _('General Options'),
+                {
+                    'fields': ('SITE_NAME', 'SITE_DESCRIPTION'),
+                    'collapse': True,
+                },
+            ),
+            (_('Theme Options'), ('THEME',)),
+        )
 
 Usage
 -----
@@ -224,10 +292,40 @@ object and accessing the variables with attribute lookups::
     if config.THE_ANSWER == 42:
         answer_the_question()
 
+Asynchronous usage
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+If you are using Django's asynchronous features (like async views), you can ``await`` the settings directly on the standard ``config`` object::
+
+    from constance import config
+
+    async def my_async_view(request):
+        # Accessing settings is awaitable
+        if await config.THE_ANSWER == 42:
+            return await answer_the_question_async()
+
+    async def update_settings():
+        # Updating settings asynchronously
+        await config.aset('THE_ANSWER', 43)
+
+        # Bulk retrieval is supported as well
+        values = await config.amget(['THE_ANSWER', 'SITE_NAME'])
+
+Performance and Safety
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+While synchronous access (e.g., ``config.THE_ANSWER``) still works inside async views for some backends, it is highly discouraged:
+
+*   **Blocking:** Synchronous access blocks the event loop, reducing the performance of your entire application.
+*   **Safety Guards:** For the Database backend, Django's safety guards will raise a ``SynchronousOnlyOperation`` error if you attempt to access a setting synchronously from an async thread.
+*   **Automatic Detection:** Constance will emit a ``RuntimeWarning`` if it detects synchronous access inside an asynchronous event loop, helping you identify and fix these performance bottlenecks.
+
+For peak performance, especially with the Redis backend, always use the ``await`` syntax which leverages native asynchronous drivers.
+
 Django templates
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
-To access the config object from your template you can either
+To access the config object from your template you can
 pass the object to the template context:
 
 .. code-block:: python
@@ -238,16 +336,9 @@ pass the object to the template context:
     def myview(request):
         return render(request, 'my_template.html', {'config': config})
 
-Or you can use the included config context processor. For Django pre-1.8, this looks like this:
+You can also use the included context processor.
 
-.. code-block:: python
-
-    TEMPLATE_CONTEXT_PROCESSORS = (
-        # ...
-        'constance.context_processors.config',
-    )
-
-For Django 1.8 and above, insert ``'constance.context_processors.config'`` at
+Insert ``'constance.context_processors.config'`` at
 the top of your ``TEMPLATES['OPTIONS']['context_processors']`` list.  See the
 `Django documentation`_ for details.
 
@@ -266,65 +357,99 @@ any other variable, e.g.:
         Woohoo! Head over <a href="/sekrit/">here</a> to use the beta.
     {% else %}
         Sadly we haven't launched yet, click <a href="/newsletter/">here</a>
-        to signup for our newletter.
+        to signup for our newsletter.
     {% endif %}
 
 Command Line
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
-Constance settings can be get/set on the command line with the manage command `constance`
+Constance settings can be get/set on the command line with the manage command :command:`constance`.
 
 Available options are:
 
-list - output all values in a tab-separated format::
+.. program:: constance
 
-    $ ./manage.py constance list
-    THE_ANSWER 42
-    SITE_NAME  My Title
+.. option:: list
 
-get KEY - output a single values::
+   list all Constance keys and their values
 
-    $ ./manage.py constance get THE_ANSWER
-    42
+   .. code-block:: console
 
-set KEY VALUE - set a single value::
+      $ ./manage.py constance list
+      THE_ANSWER 42
+      SITE_NAME  My Title
 
-    $ ./manage.py constance set SITE_NAME "Another Title"
+.. option:: get <KEY>
 
-If the value contains spaces it should be wrapped in quotes.
+   get the value of a Constance key
 
-.. note::  Set values are validated as per in admin, an error will be raised if validation fails:
+   .. code-block:: console
 
-E.g., given this config as per the example app::
+      $ ./manage.py constance get THE_ANSWER
+      42
 
-   CONSTANCE_CONFIG = {
-       ...
-       'DATE_ESTABLISHED': (date(1972, 11, 30), "the shop's first opening"),
-   }
+.. option:: set <KEY> <VALUE>
 
-Then setting an invalid date will fail as follow::
+   set the value of a Constance key
 
-   $ ./manage.py constance set DATE_ESTABLISHED '1999-12-00'
-   CommandError: Enter a valid date.
+   .. code-block:: console
+
+      $ ./manage.py constance set SITE_NAME "Another Title"
+
+   If the value contains spaces it should be wrapped in quotes.
+
+   .. note:: Set values are validated as per in admin, an error will be raised if validation fails:
+
+   E.g., given this config as per the example app:
+
+   .. code-block:: python
+
+      CONSTANCE_CONFIG = {
+          ...
+          'DATE_ESTABLISHED': (date(1972, 11, 30), "the shop's first opening"),
+      }
+
+   Setting an invalid date will fail as follow:
+
+   .. code-block:: console
+
+      $ ./manage.py constance set DATE_ESTABLISHED '1999-12-00'
+      CommandError: Enter a valid date.
 
 
-.. note::  If the admin fields is a `MultiValueField`, (e.g. datetime, which uses `SplitDateTimeField` by default)
-then the separate field values need to be provided as separate arguments.
+   .. note:: If the admin field is a :class:`MultiValueField`, then the separate field values need to be provided as separate arguments.
 
-E.g., given this config::
+   E.g., a datetime using :class:`SplitDateTimeField`:
 
-   CONSTANCE_CONFIG = {
-       'DATETIME_VALUE': (datetime(2010, 8, 23, 11, 29, 24), 'time of the first commit'),
-   }
+   .. code-block:: python
 
-Then this works (and the quotes are optional)::
+      CONSTANCE_CONFIG = {
+          'DATETIME_VALUE': (datetime(2010, 8, 23, 11, 29, 24), 'time of the first commit'),
+      }
 
-   ./manage.py constance set DATETIME_VALUE '2011-09-24' '12:30:25'
+   Then this works (and the quotes are optional):
 
-This doesn't work::
+   .. code-block:: console
 
-   ./manage.py constance set DATETIME_VALUE '2011-09-24 12:30:25'
-   CommandError: Enter a list of values.
+      ./manage.py constance set DATETIME_VALUE '2011-09-24' '12:30:25'
+
+   This doesn't work:
+
+   .. code-block:: console
+
+      ./manage.py constance set DATETIME_VALUE '2011-09-24 12:30:25'
+      CommandError: Enter a list of values.
+
+
+.. option:: remove_stale_keys
+
+   delete all Constance keys and their values if they are not in settings.CONSTANCE_CONFIG (stale keys)
+
+   .. code-block:: console
+
+      $ ./manage.py constance remove_stale_keys
+
+   Record is considered stale if it exists in database but absent in config.
 
 Editing
 -------
@@ -332,13 +457,12 @@ Editing
 Fire up your ``admin`` and you should see a new app called ``Constance``
 with ``THE_ANSWER`` in the ``Config`` pseudo model.
 
-By default changing the settings via the admin is only allowed for super users.
-But in case you want to use the admin's ability to implement custom
-authorization checks, feel free to set the :setting:`CONSTANCE_SUPERUSER_ONLY`
-setting to ``False`` and give the users or user groups access to the
+By default, changing the settings via the admin is only allowed for superusers.
+To change this, feel free to set the :setting:`CONSTANCE_SUPERUSER_ONLY`
+setting to ``False`` and give users or user groups access to the
 ``constance.change_config`` permission.
 
-.. figure:: screenshot1.png
+.. figure:: _static/screenshot1.png
 
    The virtual application ``Constance`` among your regular applications.
 
@@ -354,10 +478,11 @@ settings the way you like.
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
-    from constance.admin import ConstanceAdmin, ConstanceForm, Config
+    from constance.admin import ConstanceAdmin, Config
+    from constance.forms import ConstanceForm
     class CustomConfigForm(ConstanceForm):
           def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
-            super(CustomConfigForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+            super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
             #... do stuff to make your settings form nice ...
 
     class ConfigAdmin(ConstanceAdmin):
@@ -382,7 +507,7 @@ request. For example:
             if request.user.is_superuser:
               return SuperuserForm:
             else:
-              return super(MyConstanceAdmin, self).get_changelist_form(request)
+              return super().get_changelist_form(request)
 
 Note that the default method returns ``self.change_list_form``.
 

docs/make.bat

@@ -1,53 +1,16 @@
 @ECHO OFF
 
+pushd %~dp0
+
 REM Command file for Sphinx documentation
 
 if "%SPHINXBUILD%" == "" (
 	set SPHINXBUILD=sphinx-build
 )
+set SOURCEDIR=.
 set BUILDDIR=_build
-set ALLSPHINXOPTS=-d %BUILDDIR%/doctrees %SPHINXOPTS% .
-set I18NSPHINXOPTS=%SPHINXOPTS% .
-if NOT "%PAPER%" == "" (
-	set ALLSPHINXOPTS=-D latex_paper_size=%PAPER% %ALLSPHINXOPTS%
-	set I18NSPHINXOPTS=-D latex_paper_size=%PAPER% %I18NSPHINXOPTS%
-)
 
-if "%1" == "" goto help
-
-if "%1" == "help" (
-	:help
-	echo.Please use `make ^<target^>` where ^<target^> is one of
-	echo.  html       to make standalone HTML files
-	echo.  dirhtml    to make HTML files named index.html in directories
-	echo.  singlehtml to make a single large HTML file
-	echo.  pickle     to make pickle files
-	echo.  json       to make JSON files
-	echo.  htmlhelp   to make HTML files and a HTML help project
-	echo.  qthelp     to make HTML files and a qthelp project
-	echo.  devhelp    to make HTML files and a Devhelp project
-	echo.  epub       to make an epub
-	echo.  latex      to make LaTeX files, you can set PAPER=a4 or PAPER=letter
-	echo.  text       to make text files
-	echo.  man        to make manual pages
-	echo.  texinfo    to make Texinfo files
-	echo.  gettext    to make PO message catalogs
-	echo.  changes    to make an overview over all changed/added/deprecated items
-	echo.  xml        to make Docutils-native XML files
-	echo.  pseudoxml  to make pseudoxml-XML files for display purposes
-	echo.  linkcheck  to check all external links for integrity
-	echo.  doctest    to run all doctests embedded in the documentation if enabled
-	goto end
-)
-
-if "%1" == "clean" (
-	for /d %%i in (%BUILDDIR%\*) do rmdir /q /s %%i
-	del /q /s %BUILDDIR%\*
-	goto end
-)
-
-
-%SPHINXBUILD% 2> nul
+%SPHINXBUILD% >NUL 2>NUL
 if errorlevel 9009 (
 	echo.
 	echo.The 'sphinx-build' command was not found. Make sure you have Sphinx
@@ -56,187 +19,17 @@ if errorlevel 9009 (
 	echo.may add the Sphinx directory to PATH.
 	echo.
 	echo.If you don't have Sphinx installed, grab it from
-	echo.http://sphinx-doc.org/
+	echo.https://www.sphinx-doc.org/
 	exit /b 1
 )
 
-if "%1" == "html" (
-	%SPHINXBUILD% -b html %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/html
-	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
-	echo.
-	echo.Build finished. The HTML pages are in %BUILDDIR%/html.
-	goto end
-)
+if "%1" == "" goto help
 
-if "%1" == "dirhtml" (
-	%SPHINXBUILD% -b dirhtml %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/dirhtml
-	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
-	echo.
-	echo.Build finished. The HTML pages are in %BUILDDIR%/dirhtml.
-	goto end
-)
+%SPHINXBUILD% -M %1 %SOURCEDIR% %BUILDDIR% %SPHINXOPTS% %O%
+goto end
 
-if "%1" == "singlehtml" (
-	%SPHINXBUILD% -b singlehtml %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/singlehtml
-	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
-	echo.
-	echo.Build finished. The HTML pages are in %BUILDDIR%/singlehtml.
-	goto end
-)
-
-if "%1" == "pickle" (
-	%SPHINXBUILD% -b pickle %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/pickle
-	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
-	echo.
-	echo.Build finished; now you can process the pickle files.
-	goto end
-)
-
-if "%1" == "json" (
-	%SPHINXBUILD% -b json %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/json
-	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
-	echo.
-	echo.Build finished; now you can process the JSON files.
-	goto end
-)
-
-if "%1" == "htmlhelp" (
-	%SPHINXBUILD% -b htmlhelp %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/htmlhelp
-	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
-	echo.
-	echo.Build finished; now you can run HTML Help Workshop with the ^
-.hhp project file in %BUILDDIR%/htmlhelp.
-	goto end
-)
-
-if "%1" == "qthelp" (
-	%SPHINXBUILD% -b qthelp %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/qthelp
-	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
-	echo.
-	echo.Build finished; now you can run "qcollectiongenerator" with the ^
-.qhcp project file in %BUILDDIR%/qthelp, like this:
-	echo.^> qcollectiongenerator %BUILDDIR%\qthelp\django-constance.qhcp
-	echo.To view the help file:
-	echo.^> assistant -collectionFile %BUILDDIR%\qthelp\django-constance.ghc
-	goto end
-)
-
-if "%1" == "devhelp" (
-	%SPHINXBUILD% -b devhelp %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/devhelp
-	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
-	echo.
-	echo.Build finished.
-	goto end
-)
-
-if "%1" == "epub" (
-	%SPHINXBUILD% -b epub %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/epub
-	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
-	echo.
-	echo.Build finished. The epub file is in %BUILDDIR%/epub.
-	goto end
-)
-
-if "%1" == "latex" (
-	%SPHINXBUILD% -b latex %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/latex
-	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
-	echo.
-	echo.Build finished; the LaTeX files are in %BUILDDIR%/latex.
-	goto end
-)
-
-if "%1" == "latexpdf" (
-	%SPHINXBUILD% -b latex %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/latex
-	cd %BUILDDIR%/latex
-	make all-pdf
-	cd %BUILDDIR%/..
-	echo.
-	echo.Build finished; the PDF files are in %BUILDDIR%/latex.
-	goto end
-)
-
-if "%1" == "latexpdfja" (
-	%SPHINXBUILD% -b latex %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/latex
-	cd %BUILDDIR%/latex
-	make all-pdf-ja
-	cd %BUILDDIR%/..
-	echo.
-	echo.Build finished; the PDF files are in %BUILDDIR%/latex.
-	goto end
-)
-
-if "%1" == "text" (
-	%SPHINXBUILD% -b text %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/text
-	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
-	echo.
-	echo.Build finished. The text files are in %BUILDDIR%/text.
-	goto end
-)
-
-if "%1" == "man" (
-	%SPHINXBUILD% -b man %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/man
-	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
-	echo.
-	echo.Build finished. The manual pages are in %BUILDDIR%/man.
-	goto end
-)
-
-if "%1" == "texinfo" (
-	%SPHINXBUILD% -b texinfo %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/texinfo
-	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
-	echo.
-	echo.Build finished. The Texinfo files are in %BUILDDIR%/texinfo.
-	goto end
-)
-
-if "%1" == "gettext" (
-	%SPHINXBUILD% -b gettext %I18NSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/locale
-	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
-	echo.
-	echo.Build finished. The message catalogs are in %BUILDDIR%/locale.
-	goto end
-)
-
-if "%1" == "changes" (
-	%SPHINXBUILD% -b changes %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/changes
-	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
-	echo.
-	echo.The overview file is in %BUILDDIR%/changes.
-	goto end
-)
-
-if "%1" == "linkcheck" (
-	%SPHINXBUILD% -b linkcheck %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/linkcheck
-	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
-	echo.
-	echo.Link check complete; look for any errors in the above output ^
-or in %BUILDDIR%/linkcheck/output.txt.
-	goto end
-)
-
-if "%1" == "doctest" (
-	%SPHINXBUILD% -b doctest %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/doctest
-	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
-	echo.
-	echo.Testing of doctests in the sources finished, look at the ^
-results in %BUILDDIR%/doctest/output.txt.
-	goto end
-)
-
-if "%1" == "xml" (
-	%SPHINXBUILD% -b xml %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/xml
-	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
-	echo.
-	echo.Build finished. The XML files are in %BUILDDIR%/xml.
-	goto end
-)
-
-if "%1" == "pseudoxml" (
-	%SPHINXBUILD% -b pseudoxml %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/pseudoxml
-	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
-	echo.
-	echo.Build finished. The pseudo-XML files are in %BUILDDIR%/pseudoxml.
-	goto end
-)
+:help
+%SPHINXBUILD% -M help %SOURCEDIR% %BUILDDIR% %SPHINXOPTS% %O%
 
 :end
+popd

docs/requirements.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+readthedocs-sphinx-search==0.3.2
+sphinx==7.3.7
+sphinx-rtd-theme==2.0.0

docs/testing.rst

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ Usage
 
 It can be used as a decorator at the :class:`~django.test.TestCase` level, the
 method level and also as a
-`context manager <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0343/>`_.
+`context manager <https://peps.python.org/pep-0343/>`_.
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
@@ -38,3 +38,87 @@ method level and also as a
         def test_what_is_your_favourite_color(self):
             with override_config(YOUR_FAVOURITE_COLOR="Blue?"):
                 self.assertEqual(config.YOUR_FAVOURITE_COLOR, "Blue?")
+
+
+Pytest usage
+~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Django-constance provides pytest plugin that adds marker
+:class:`@pytest.mark.override_config()`. It handles config override for
+module/class/function, and automatically revert any changes made to the
+constance config values when test is completed.
+
+.. py:function:: pytest.mark.override_config(**kwargs)
+
+    Specify different config values for the marked tests in kwargs.
+
+Module scope override
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+    pytestmark = pytest.mark.override_config(API_URL="/awesome/url/")
+
+    def test_api_url_is_awesome():
+        ...
+
+Class/function scope
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+    from constance import config
+
+    @pytest.mark.override_config(API_URL="/awesome/url/")
+    class SomeClassTest:
+        def test_is_awesome_url(self):
+            assert config.API_URL == "/awesome/url/"
+
+        @pytest.mark.override_config(API_URL="/another/awesome/url/")
+        def test_another_awesome_url(self):
+            assert config.API_URL == "/another/awesome/url/"
+
+If you want to use override as a context manager or decorator, consider using
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+    from constance.test.pytest import override_config
+
+    def test_override_context_manager():
+        with override_config(BOOL_VALUE=False):
+            ...
+    # or
+    @override_config(BOOL_VALUE=False)
+    def test_override_context_manager():
+        ...
+
+Pytest fixture as function or method parameter.
+
+.. note:: No import needed as fixture is available globally.
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+    def test_api_url_is_awesome(override_config):
+        with override_config(API_URL="/awesome/url/"):
+            ...
+
+Any scope, auto-used fixture alternative can also be implemented like this
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+    @pytest.fixture(scope='module', autouse=True)  # e.g. module scope
+    def api_url(override_config):
+        with override_config(API_URL="/awesome/url/"):
+            yield
+
+
+Memory backend
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+If you don't want to rely on any external services such as Redis or database when
+running your unittests you can select :class:`MemoryBackend` for a test Django settings file
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+    CONSTANCE_BACKEND = 'constance.backends.memory.MemoryBackend'
+
+It will provide simple thread-safe backend which will reset to default values after each
+test run.

example/cheeseshop/apps/catalog/admin.py

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 from django.contrib import admin
+
 from cheeseshop.apps.catalog.models import Brand
 
 admin.site.register(Brand)

example/cheeseshop/apps/catalog/migrations/0001_initial.py

@@ -1,20 +1,16 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
-from django.db import migrations, models
+from django.db import migrations
+from django.db import models
 
 
 class Migration(migrations.Migration):
-
-    dependencies = [
-    ]
+    dependencies = []
 
     operations = [
         migrations.CreateModel(
-            name='Brand',
+            name="Brand",
             fields=[
-                ('id', models.AutoField(verbose_name='ID', serialize=False, auto_created=True, primary_key=True)),
-                ('name', models.CharField(max_length=75)),
+                ("id", models.AutoField(verbose_name="ID", serialize=False, auto_created=True, primary_key=True)),
+                ("name", models.CharField(max_length=75)),
             ],
         ),
     ]

example/cheeseshop/apps/catalog/models.py

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from django.db import models
 
+
 class Brand(models.Model):
     name = models.CharField(max_length=75)
-

example/cheeseshop/apps/storage/admin.py

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 from django.contrib import admin
-from cheeseshop.apps.storage.models import Shelf, Supply
+
+from cheeseshop.apps.storage.models import Shelf
+from cheeseshop.apps.storage.models import Supply
 
 admin.site.register(Shelf)
 admin.site.register(Supply)

example/cheeseshop/apps/storage/migrations/0001_initial.py

@@ -1,33 +1,29 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
-from django.db import migrations, models
+from django.db import migrations
+from django.db import models
 
 
 class Migration(migrations.Migration):
-
-    dependencies = [
-    ]
+    dependencies = []
 
     operations = [
         migrations.CreateModel(
-            name='Shelf',
+            name="Shelf",
             fields=[
-                ('id', models.AutoField(verbose_name='ID', serialize=False, auto_created=True, primary_key=True)),
-                ('name', models.CharField(max_length=75)),
+                ("id", models.AutoField(verbose_name="ID", serialize=False, auto_created=True, primary_key=True)),
+                ("name", models.CharField(max_length=75)),
             ],
             options={
-                'verbose_name_plural': 'shelves',
+                "verbose_name_plural": "shelves",
             },
         ),
         migrations.CreateModel(
-            name='Supply',
+            name="Supply",
             fields=[
-                ('id', models.AutoField(verbose_name='ID', serialize=False, auto_created=True, primary_key=True)),
-                ('name', models.CharField(max_length=75)),
+                ("id", models.AutoField(verbose_name="ID", serialize=False, auto_created=True, primary_key=True)),
+                ("name", models.CharField(max_length=75)),
             ],
             options={
-                'verbose_name_plural': 'supplies',
+                "verbose_name_plural": "supplies",
             },
         ),
     ]

example/cheeseshop/apps/storage/models.py

@@ -1,14 +1,15 @@
 from django.db import models
 
+
 class Shelf(models.Model):
     name = models.CharField(max_length=75)
 
     class Meta:
-        verbose_name_plural = 'shelves'
+        verbose_name_plural = "shelves"
+
 
 class Supply(models.Model):
     name = models.CharField(max_length=75)
 
     class Meta:
-        verbose_name_plural = 'supplies'
-
+        verbose_name_plural = "supplies"

example/cheeseshop/fields.py

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+import json
+
+from django.forms import fields
+from django.forms import widgets
+
+
+class JsonField(fields.CharField):
+    widget = widgets.Textarea
+
+    def __init__(self, rows: int = 5, **kwargs):
+        self.rows = rows
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)
+
+    def widget_attrs(self, widget: widgets.Widget):
+        attrs = super().widget_attrs(widget)
+        attrs["rows"] = self.rows
+        return attrs
+
+    def to_python(self, value):
+        if value:
+            return json.loads(value)
+        return {}
+
+    def prepare_value(self, value):
+        return json.dumps(value)

example/cheeseshop/settings.py

@@ -1,13 +1,11 @@
 """
 Django settings for cheeseshop project.
 
-Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 1.8.14.
-
 For more information on this file, see
-https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/topics/settings/
+https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.1/topics/settings/
 
 For the full list of settings and their values, see
-https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/ref/settings/
+https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.1/ref/settings/
 """
 
 # Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)
@@ -18,12 +16,12 @@ BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
 
 
 # Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
-# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/howto/deployment/checklist/
+# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.1/howto/deployment/checklist/
 
 SITE_ID = 1
 
 # SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
-SECRET_KEY = 'hdx64#m+lnc_0ffoyehbk&7gk1&*9uar$pcfcm-%$km#p0$k=6'
+SECRET_KEY = "hdx64#m+lnc_0ffoyehbk&7gk1&*9uar$pcfcm-%$km#p0$k=6"
 
 # SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
 DEBUG = True
@@ -34,102 +32,122 @@ ALLOWED_HOSTS = []
 # Application definition
 
 INSTALLED_APPS = (
-    'django.contrib.admin',
-    'django.contrib.auth',
-    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
-    'django.contrib.sessions',
-    'django.contrib.sites',
-    'django.contrib.messages',
-    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
-    'cheeseshop.apps.catalog',
-    'cheeseshop.apps.storage',
-    'constance',
-    'constance.backends.database',
+    "django.contrib.admin",
+    "django.contrib.auth",
+    "django.contrib.contenttypes",
+    "django.contrib.sessions",
+    "django.contrib.sites",
+    "django.contrib.messages",
+    "django.contrib.staticfiles",
+    "cheeseshop.apps.catalog",
+    "cheeseshop.apps.storage",
+    "constance",
 )
 
-MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = (
-    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
-    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
-    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
-    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
-    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
+MIDDLEWARE = (
+    "django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware",
+    "django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware",
+    "django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware",
+    "django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware",
+    "django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware",
 )
 
-ROOT_URLCONF = 'cheeseshop.urls'
+ROOT_URLCONF = "cheeseshop.urls"
 
 TEMPLATES = [
     {
-        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
-        'DIRS': [],
-        'APP_DIRS': True,
-        'OPTIONS': {
-            'context_processors': [
-                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
-                'django.template.context_processors.request',
-                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
-                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
+        "BACKEND": "django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates",
+        "DIRS": [],
+        "APP_DIRS": True,
+        "OPTIONS": {
+            "context_processors": [
+                "django.template.context_processors.debug",
+                "django.template.context_processors.request",
+                "django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth",
+                "django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages",
             ],
         },
     },
 ]
 
-WSGI_APPLICATION = 'cheeseshop.wsgi.application'
+WSGI_APPLICATION = "cheeseshop.wsgi.application"
 
 
 # Database
-# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/ref/settings/#databases
+# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.1/ref/settings/#databases
 
 DATABASES = {
-    'default': {
-        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
-        #'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),
-        'NAME': '/tmp/cheeseshop.db',
+    "default": {
+        "ENGINE": "django.db.backends.sqlite3",
+        "NAME": "/tmp/cheeseshop.db",
     }
 }
 
 CONSTANCE_REDIS_CONNECTION = {
-    'host': 'localhost',
-    'port': 6379,
-    'db': 0,
+    "host": "localhost",
+    "port": 6379,
+    "db": 0,
 }
 
 CONSTANCE_ADDITIONAL_FIELDS = {
-    'yes_no_null_select': [
-        'django.forms.fields.ChoiceField',
-        {
-            'widget': 'django.forms.Select',
-            'choices': ((None, "-----"), ("yes", "Yes"), ("no", "No"))
-        }
+    "yes_no_null_select": [
+        "django.forms.fields.ChoiceField",
+        {"widget": "django.forms.Select", "choices": ((None, "-----"), ("yes", "Yes"), ("no", "No"))},
     ],
-    'email': ('django.forms.fields.EmailField',),
+    "email": ("django.forms.fields.EmailField",),
+    "json_field": ["cheeseshop.fields.JsonField"],
+    "image_field": ["django.forms.ImageField", {}],
 }
 
 CONSTANCE_CONFIG = {
-    'BANNER': ('The National Cheese Emporium', 'name of the shop'),
-    'OWNER': ('Mr. Henry Wensleydale', 'owner of the shop'),
-    'OWNER_EMAIL': ('henry@example.com', 'contact email for owner', 'email'),
-    'MUSICIANS': (4, 'number of musicians inside the shop'),
-    'DATE_ESTABLISHED': (date(1972, 11, 30), "the shop's first opening"),
-    'MY_SELECT_KEY': ('yes', 'select yes or no', 'yes_no_null_select'),
+    "BANNER": ("The National Cheese Emporium", "name of the shop"),
+    "OWNER": ("Mr. Henry Wensleydale", "owner of the shop"),
+    "OWNER_EMAIL": ("henry@example.com", "contact email for owner", "email"),
+    "MUSICIANS": (4, "number of musicians inside the shop"),
+    "DATE_ESTABLISHED": (date(1972, 11, 30), "the shop's first opening"),
+    "MY_SELECT_KEY": ("yes", "select yes or no", "yes_no_null_select"),
+    "MULTILINE": ("Line one\nLine two", "multiline string"),
+    "JSON_DATA": (
+        {"a": 1_000, "b": "test", "max": 30_000_000},
+        "Some test data for json",
+        "json_field",
+    ),
+    "LOGO": (
+        "",
+        "Logo image file",
+        "image_field",
+    ),
 }
 
-CONSTANCE_BACKEND = 'constance.backends.database.DatabaseBackend'
+CONSTANCE_CONFIG_FIELDSETS = {
+    "Cheese shop general info": [
+        "BANNER",
+        "OWNER",
+        "OWNER_EMAIL",
+        "MUSICIANS",
+        "DATE_ESTABLISHED",
+        "LOGO",
+    ],
+    "Awkward test settings": ["MY_SELECT_KEY", "MULTILINE", "JSON_DATA"],
+}
+
+CONSTANCE_BACKEND = "constance.backends.database.DatabaseBackend"
 
 
 CACHES = {
-    'default': {
-        'BACKEND': 'django.core.cache.backends.memcached.MemcachedCache',
-        'LOCATION': '127.0.0.1:11211',
+    "default": {
+        "BACKEND": "django.core.cache.backends.memcached.PyMemcacheCache",
+        "LOCATION": "127.0.0.1:11211",
     }
 }
-CONSTANCE_DATABASE_CACHE_BACKEND = 'default'
+CONSTANCE_DATABASE_CACHE_BACKEND = "default"
 
 # Internationalization
-# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/topics/i18n/
+# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.1/topics/i18n/
 
-LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'
+LANGUAGE_CODE = "en-us"
 
-TIME_ZONE = 'America/Chicago'
+TIME_ZONE = "America/Chicago"
 
 USE_I18N = True
 
@@ -139,6 +157,14 @@ USE_TZ = True
 
 
 # Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
-# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/howto/static-files/
+# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.1/howto/static-files/
 
-STATIC_URL = '/static/'
+STATIC_URL = "/static/"
+
+MEDIA_URL = "/media/"
+
+MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "media")
+
+CONSTANCE_FILE_ROOT = "constance"
+
+DEFAULT_AUTO_FIELD = "django.db.models.AutoField"

example/cheeseshop/urls.py

@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
-from django.conf.urls import include, url
-from django.contrib.staticfiles.urls import staticfiles_urlpatterns
-from django.contrib import admin
 from django.conf import settings
+from django.contrib import admin
+from django.contrib.staticfiles.urls import staticfiles_urlpatterns
+from django.urls import re_path
+
 admin.autodiscover()
 
 urlpatterns = [
-    url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),
+    re_path("admin/", admin.site.urls),
 ]
 
 if settings.DEBUG:

example/cheeseshop/wsgi.py

@@ -1,12 +1,3 @@
-"""
-WSGI config for cheeseshop project.
-
-It exposes the WSGI callable as a module-level variable named ``application``.
-
-For more information on this file, see
-https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/howto/deployment/wsgi/
-"""
-
 import os
 
 from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application

example/requirements.txt

@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
-Django
-python-memcached
+Django>=3.2
+Pillow
+pymemcache

pyproject.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+[build-system]
+requires = ["setuptools>=42", "wheel", "setuptools_scm>=8"]
+build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta"
+
+[project]
+name = "django-constance"
+dynamic = ["version"]
+description = "Django live settings with pluggable backends, including Redis."
+readme = "README.rst"
+license = { text = "BSD" }
+requires-python = ">=3.8"
+authors = [
+    { name = "Jannis Leidel", email = "jannis@leidel.info" },
+]
+keywords = ["django", "libraries", "redis", "settings"]
+classifiers = [
+    "Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable",
+    "Environment :: Web Environment",
+    "Framework :: Django",
+    "Framework :: Django :: 4.2",
+    "Framework :: Django :: 5.0",
+    "Framework :: Django :: 5.1",
+    "Framework :: Django :: 5.2",
+    "Intended Audience :: Developers",
+    "License :: OSI Approved :: BSD License",
+    "Natural Language :: English",
+    "Operating System :: OS Independent",
+    "Programming Language :: Python",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: CPython",
+    "Topic :: Utilities",
+]
+
+[project.optional-dependencies]
+redis = [
+    "redis",
+]
+
+[project.entry-points.pytest11]
+pytest-django-constance = "constance.test.pytest"
+
+[project.urls]
+homepage = "https://github.com/jazzband/django-constance/"
+documentation = "https://django-constance.readthedocs.io/en/latest/"
+repository = "https://github.com/jazzband/django-constance/"
+changelog = "https://github.com/jazzband/django-constance/releases/"
+
+[tool.setuptools]
+license-files = []  # see https://github.com/pypa/twine/issues/1216#issuecomment-2609745412
+
+[tool.setuptools.packages.find]
+include = ["constance*"]
+
+[tool.setuptools_scm]
+version_file = "constance/_version.py"
+
+[tool.ruff]
+line-length = 120
+indent-width = 4
+
+[tool.ruff.format]
+indent-style = "space"
+skip-magic-trailing-comma = false
+line-ending = "auto"
+
+[tool.ruff.lint]
+select = [
+    "B",
+    "D",
+    "E",
+    "ERA",
+    "EXE",
+    "F",
+    "FBT",
+    "FURB",
+    "G",
+    "FA",
+    "I",
+    "ICN",
+    "INP",
+    "LOG",
+    "PGH",
+    "RET",
+    "RUF",
+    "S",
+    "SIM",
+    "TID",
+    "UP",
+    "W",
+]
+ignore = ["D1", "D203", "D205", "D415", "D212", "RUF012", "D400", "D401"]
+
+[tool.ruff.lint.per-file-ignores]
+"docs/*" = ["INP"]
+"example/*" = ["S"]
+"tests/*" = ["S"]
+
+[tool.ruff.lint.isort]
+force-single-line = true
+
+[tool.ruff.lint.flake8-boolean-trap]
+extend-allowed-calls = ["unittest.mock.patch", "django.db.models.Value"]

setup.cfg

@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-[bdist_wheel]
-universal = 1

setup.py

@@ -1,64 +0,0 @@
-import os
-import re
-import codecs
-from setuptools import setup, find_packages
-
-
-def read(*parts):
-    filename = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), *parts)
-    with codecs.open(filename, encoding='utf-8') as fp:
-        return fp.read()
-
-
-def find_version(*file_paths):
-    version_file = read(*file_paths)
-    version_match = re.search(r"^__version__ = ['\"]([^'\"]*)['\"]",
-                              version_file, re.M)
-    if version_match:
-        return version_match.group(1)
-    raise RuntimeError("Unable to find version string.")
-
-
-setup(
-    name='django-constance',
-    version=find_version("constance", "__init__.py"),
-    url="http://github.com/jazzband/django-constance",
-    description='Django live settings with pluggable backends, including Redis.',
-    long_description=read('README.rst'),
-    author='Jannis Leidel',
-    author_email='jannis@leidel.info',
-    license='BSD',
-    keywords='django libraries settings redis'.split(),
-    platforms='any',
-    classifiers=[
-        'Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable',
-        'Environment :: Web Environment',
-        'Framework :: Django',
-        'Framework :: Django :: 1.8',
-        'Framework :: Django :: 1.9',
-        'Framework :: Django :: 1.10',
-        'Framework :: Django :: 1.11',
-        'Framework :: Django :: 2.0',
-        'Intended Audience :: Developers',
-        'License :: OSI Approved :: BSD License',
-        'Natural Language :: English',
-        'Operating System :: OS Independent',
-        'Programming Language :: Python',
-        'Programming Language :: Python :: 2',
-        'Programming Language :: Python :: 2.7',
-        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3',
-        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.4',
-        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.5',
-        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.6',
-        'Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: CPython',
-        'Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: PyPy',
-        'Topic :: Utilities',
-    ],
-    packages=find_packages(exclude=['tests', 'tests.*']),
-    include_package_data=True,
-    zip_safe=False,
-    extras_require={
-        'database': ['django-picklefield'],
-        'redis': ['redis'],
-    }
-)

tests/backends/test_database.py

@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+from django.test import TestCase
+from django.test import TransactionTestCase
+
+from constance import settings
+from constance.base import Config
+from tests.storage import StorageTestsMixin
+
+
+class TestDatabase(StorageTestsMixin, TestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.old_backend = settings.BACKEND
+        settings.BACKEND = "constance.backends.database.DatabaseBackend"
+        super().setUp()
+
+    def test_database_queries(self):
+        # Read and set to default value
+        with self.assertNumQueries(5):
+            self.assertEqual(self.config.INT_VALUE, 1)
+
+        # Read again
+        with self.assertNumQueries(1):
+            self.assertEqual(self.config.INT_VALUE, 1)
+
+        # Set value
+        with self.assertNumQueries(2):
+            self.config.INT_VALUE = 15
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        settings.BACKEND = self.old_backend
+
+
+class TestDatabaseWithCache(StorageTestsMixin, TestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.old_backend = settings.BACKEND
+        settings.BACKEND = "constance.backends.database.DatabaseBackend"
+        self.old_cache_backend = settings.DATABASE_CACHE_BACKEND
+        settings.DATABASE_CACHE_BACKEND = "default"
+        super().setUp()
+        self.config._backend._cache.clear()
+
+    def test_database_queries(self):
+        # Read and set to default value
+        with self.assertNumQueries(6):
+            self.assertEqual(self.config.INT_VALUE, 1)
+
+        # Read again
+        with self.assertNumQueries(0):
+            self.assertEqual(self.config.INT_VALUE, 1)
+
+        # Set value
+        with self.assertNumQueries(3):
+            self.config.INT_VALUE = 15
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        settings.BACKEND = self.old_backend
+        settings.DATABASE_CACHE_BACKEND = self.old_cache_backend
+
+
+class TestDatabaseAsync(TransactionTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.old_backend = settings.BACKEND
+        settings.BACKEND = "constance.backends.database.DatabaseBackend"
+        self.config = Config()
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        settings.BACKEND = self.old_backend
+
+    async def test_aget_returns_none_for_missing_key(self):
+        result = await self.config._backend.aget("INT_VALUE")
+        self.assertIsNone(result)
+
+    async def test_aget_returns_value(self):
+        await self.config._backend.aset("INT_VALUE", 42)
+        result = await self.config._backend.aget("INT_VALUE")
+        self.assertEqual(result, 42)
+
+    async def test_aset_stores_value(self):
+        await self.config._backend.aset("INT_VALUE", 99)
+        result = await self.config._backend.aget("INT_VALUE")
+        self.assertEqual(result, 99)
+
+    async def test_amget_returns_empty_for_no_keys(self):
+        result = await self.config._backend.amget([])
+        self.assertEqual(result, {})
+
+    async def test_amget_returns_values(self):
+        await self.config._backend.aset("INT_VALUE", 10)
+        await self.config._backend.aset("BOOL_VALUE", value=True)
+        result = await self.config._backend.amget(["INT_VALUE", "BOOL_VALUE"])
+        self.assertEqual(result, {"INT_VALUE": 10, "BOOL_VALUE": True})
+
+
+class TestDatabaseWithCacheAsync(TransactionTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.old_backend = settings.BACKEND
+        settings.BACKEND = "constance.backends.database.DatabaseBackend"
+        self.old_cache_backend = settings.DATABASE_CACHE_BACKEND
+        settings.DATABASE_CACHE_BACKEND = "default"
+        self.config = Config()
+        self.config._backend._cache.clear()
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        settings.BACKEND = self.old_backend
+        settings.DATABASE_CACHE_BACKEND = self.old_cache_backend
+
+    async def test_aget_returns_none_for_missing_key(self):
+        result = await self.config._backend.aget("INT_VALUE")
+        self.assertIsNone(result)
+
+    async def test_aget_returns_value_from_cache(self):
+        # First set a value using async
+        await self.config._backend.aset("INT_VALUE", 42)
+        # Clear cache and re-fetch to test aget path
+        self.config._backend._cache.clear()
+        result = await self.config._backend.aget("INT_VALUE")
+        self.assertEqual(result, 42)
+
+    async def test_aget_populates_cache(self):
+        await self.config._backend.aset("INT_VALUE", 42)
+        self.config._backend._cache.clear()
+
+        # aget should populate the cache
+        result = await self.config._backend.aget("INT_VALUE")
+        self.assertEqual(result, 42)
+
+    async def test_aset_stores_value(self):
+        await self.config._backend.aset("INT_VALUE", 99)
+        result = await self.config._backend.aget("INT_VALUE")
+        self.assertEqual(result, 99)
+
+    async def test_amget_returns_empty_for_no_keys(self):
+        result = await self.config._backend.amget([])
+        self.assertEqual(result, {})
+
+    async def test_amget_returns_values(self):
+        await self.config._backend.aset("INT_VALUE", 10)
+        await self.config._backend.aset("BOOL_VALUE", value=True)
+        result = await self.config._backend.amget(["INT_VALUE", "BOOL_VALUE"])
+        self.assertEqual(result, {"INT_VALUE": 10, "BOOL_VALUE": True})
+
+    async def test_amget_uses_cache(self):
+        # Set values using async and ensure they're cached
+        await self.config._backend.aset("INT_VALUE", 10)
+        await self.config._backend.aset("BOOL_VALUE", value=True)
+
+        result = await self.config._backend.amget(["INT_VALUE", "BOOL_VALUE"])
+        self.assertEqual(result["INT_VALUE"], 10)
+        self.assertEqual(result["BOOL_VALUE"], True)

tests/backends/test_memory.py

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+from django.test import TestCase
+from django.test import TransactionTestCase
+
+from constance import settings
+from constance.base import Config
+from tests.storage import StorageTestsMixin
+
+
+class TestMemory(StorageTestsMixin, TestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.old_backend = settings.BACKEND
+        settings.BACKEND = "constance.backends.memory.MemoryBackend"
+        super().setUp()
+        self.config._backend._storage = {}
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        self.config._backend._storage = {}
+        settings.BACKEND = self.old_backend
+
+    def test_mget_empty_keys(self):
+        result = self.config._backend.mget([])
+        self.assertEqual(result, {})
+
+
+class TestMemoryAsync(TransactionTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.old_backend = settings.BACKEND
+        settings.BACKEND = "constance.backends.memory.MemoryBackend"
+        self.config = Config()
+        self.config._backend._storage = {}
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        self.config._backend._storage = {}
+        settings.BACKEND = self.old_backend
+
+    async def test_aget_returns_none_for_missing_key(self):
+        result = await self.config._backend.aget("INT_VALUE")
+        self.assertIsNone(result)
+
+    async def test_aget_returns_value(self):
+        self.config._backend.set("INT_VALUE", 42)
+        result = await self.config._backend.aget("INT_VALUE")
+        self.assertEqual(result, 42)
+
+    async def test_aset_stores_value(self):
+        await self.config._backend.aset("INT_VALUE", 99)
+        result = self.config._backend.get("INT_VALUE")
+        self.assertEqual(result, 99)
+
+    async def test_amget_returns_empty_for_no_keys(self):
+        result = await self.config._backend.amget([])
+        self.assertEqual(result, {})
+
+    async def test_amget_returns_values(self):
+        self.config._backend.set("INT_VALUE", 10)
+        self.config._backend.set("BOOL_VALUE", value=True)
+        result = await self.config._backend.amget(["INT_VALUE", "BOOL_VALUE"])
+        self.assertEqual(result, {"INT_VALUE": 10, "BOOL_VALUE": True})

tests/backends/test_redis.py

@@ -0,0 +1,261 @@
+from unittest import mock
+
+from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured
+from django.test import TestCase
+from django.test import TransactionTestCase
+
+from constance import settings
+from constance.backends.redisd import RedisBackend
+from constance.base import Config
+from tests.storage import StorageTestsMixin
+
+
+class TestRedis(StorageTestsMixin, TestCase):
+    _BACKEND = "constance.backends.redisd.RedisBackend"
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.old_backend = settings.BACKEND
+        settings.BACKEND = self._BACKEND
+        super().setUp()
+        self.config._backend._rd.clear()
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        self.config._backend._rd.clear()
+        settings.BACKEND = self.old_backend
+
+    def test_mget_empty_keys(self):
+        result = self.config._backend.mget([])
+        self.assertEqual(result, {})
+
+
+class TestCachingRedis(TestRedis):
+    _BACKEND = "constance.backends.redisd.CachingRedisBackend"
+
+    def test_mget_empty_keys(self):
+        result = self.config._backend.mget([])
+        self.assertEqual(result, {})
+
+
+class TestRedisAsync(TransactionTestCase):
+    _BACKEND = "constance.backends.redisd.RedisBackend"
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.old_backend = settings.BACKEND
+        settings.BACKEND = self._BACKEND
+        self.config = Config()
+        self.config._backend._rd.clear()
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        self.config._backend._rd.clear()
+        settings.BACKEND = self.old_backend
+
+    async def test_aget_returns_none_for_missing_key(self):
+        result = await self.config._backend.aget("INT_VALUE")
+        self.assertIsNone(result)
+
+    async def test_aget_returns_value(self):
+        self.config._backend.set("INT_VALUE", 42)
+        result = await self.config._backend.aget("INT_VALUE")
+        self.assertEqual(result, 42)
+
+    async def test_aset_stores_value(self):
+        await self.config._backend.aset("INT_VALUE", 99)
+        result = self.config._backend.get("INT_VALUE")
+        self.assertEqual(result, 99)
+
+    async def test_amget_returns_empty_for_no_keys(self):
+        result = await self.config._backend.amget([])
+        self.assertEqual(result, {})
+
+    async def test_amget_returns_values(self):
+        self.config._backend.set("INT_VALUE", 10)
+        self.config._backend.set("BOOL_VALUE", value=True)
+        result = await self.config._backend.amget(["INT_VALUE", "BOOL_VALUE"])
+        self.assertEqual(result, {"INT_VALUE": 10, "BOOL_VALUE": True})
+
+    async def test_amget_skips_missing_keys(self):
+        self.config._backend.set("INT_VALUE", 10)
+        result = await self.config._backend.amget(["INT_VALUE", "MISSING_KEY"])
+        self.assertEqual(result, {"INT_VALUE": 10})
+
+
+class TestCachingRedisAsync(TransactionTestCase):
+    _BACKEND = "constance.backends.redisd.CachingRedisBackend"
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.old_backend = settings.BACKEND
+        settings.BACKEND = self._BACKEND
+        self.config = Config()
+        self.config._backend._rd.clear()
+        self.config._backend._cache.clear()
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        self.config._backend._rd.clear()
+        self.config._backend._cache.clear()
+        settings.BACKEND = self.old_backend
+
+    async def test_aget_caches_value(self):
+        # First set a value via sync
+        self.config._backend.set("INT_VALUE", 42)
+        # Clear the in-memory cache
+        self.config._backend._cache.clear()
+
+        # Async get should fetch and cache
+        result = await self.config._backend.aget("INT_VALUE")
+        self.assertEqual(result, 42)
+
+        # Verify it's cached
+        self.assertIn("INT_VALUE", self.config._backend._cache)
+
+    async def test_aget_returns_cached_value(self):
+        # Manually set cache
+        from time import monotonic
+
+        timeout = self.config._backend._timeout
+        self.config._backend._cache["INT_VALUE"] = (monotonic() + timeout, 100)
+
+        result = await self.config._backend.aget("INT_VALUE")
+        self.assertEqual(result, 100)
+
+    async def test_aget_refreshes_expired_cache(self):
+        from time import monotonic
+
+        # Set expired cache
+        self.config._backend._cache["INT_VALUE"] = (monotonic() - 10, 100)
+        # Set different value in redis using proper codec format
+        self.config._backend._rd.set(
+            self.config._backend.add_prefix("INT_VALUE"),
+            b'{"__type__": "default", "__value__": 200}',
+        )
+
+        result = await self.config._backend.aget("INT_VALUE")
+        self.assertEqual(result, 200)
+
+    async def test_aset_updates_cache(self):
+        await self.config._backend.aset("INT_VALUE", 55)
+
+        # Verify cache is updated
+        self.assertIn("INT_VALUE", self.config._backend._cache)
+        self.assertEqual(self.config._backend._cache["INT_VALUE"][1], 55)
+
+    async def test_amget_returns_empty_for_no_keys(self):
+        result = await self.config._backend.amget([])
+        self.assertEqual(result, {})
+
+    async def test_amget_returns_cached_values(self):
+        from time import monotonic
+
+        timeout = self.config._backend._timeout
+        self.config._backend._cache["INT_VALUE"] = (monotonic() + timeout, 10)
+        self.config._backend._cache["BOOL_VALUE"] = (monotonic() + timeout, True)
+
+        result = await self.config._backend.amget(["INT_VALUE", "BOOL_VALUE"])
+        self.assertEqual(result, {"INT_VALUE": 10, "BOOL_VALUE": True})
+
+    async def test_amget_fetches_missing_keys(self):
+        from time import monotonic
+
+        timeout = self.config._backend._timeout
+        # One key cached, one in Redis only
+        self.config._backend._cache["INT_VALUE"] = (monotonic() + timeout, 10)
+        self.config._backend._rd.set(
+            self.config._backend.add_prefix("BOOL_VALUE"),
+            b'{"__type__": "default", "__value__": true}',
+        )
+
+        result = await self.config._backend.amget(["INT_VALUE", "BOOL_VALUE"])
+        self.assertEqual(result["INT_VALUE"], 10)
+        self.assertEqual(result["BOOL_VALUE"], True)
+
+    async def test_amget_refreshes_expired_keys(self):
+        from time import monotonic
+
+        # Set expired cache
+        self.config._backend._cache["INT_VALUE"] = (monotonic() - 10, 100)
+        # Set different value in redis using proper codec format
+        self.config._backend._rd.set(
+            self.config._backend.add_prefix("INT_VALUE"),
+            b'{"__type__": "default", "__value__": 200}',
+        )
+
+        result = await self.config._backend.amget(["INT_VALUE"])
+        self.assertEqual(result["INT_VALUE"], 200)
+
+
+class TestRedisBackendInit(TestCase):
+    """Tests for RedisBackend.__init__ client initialization paths."""
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.old_conn_cls = settings.REDIS_CONNECTION_CLASS
+        self.old_async_conn_cls = settings.REDIS_ASYNC_CONNECTION_CLASS
+        self.old_conn = settings.REDIS_CONNECTION
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        settings.REDIS_CONNECTION_CLASS = self.old_conn_cls
+        settings.REDIS_ASYNC_CONNECTION_CLASS = self.old_async_conn_cls
+        settings.REDIS_CONNECTION = self.old_conn
+
+    def test_no_redis_package_raises_improperly_configured(self):
+        settings.REDIS_CONNECTION_CLASS = None
+        settings.REDIS_ASYNC_CONNECTION_CLASS = "tests.redis_mockup.AsyncConnection"
+        with mock.patch.dict("sys.modules", {"redis": None}), self.assertRaises(ImproperlyConfigured):
+            RedisBackend()
+
+    def test_sync_redis_from_url_with_string_connection(self):
+        settings.REDIS_CONNECTION_CLASS = None
+        settings.REDIS_ASYNC_CONNECTION_CLASS = "tests.redis_mockup.AsyncConnection"
+        settings.REDIS_CONNECTION = "redis://localhost:6379/0"
+        mock_redis = mock.MagicMock()
+        with mock.patch.dict("sys.modules", {"redis": mock_redis, "redis.asyncio": mock_redis.asyncio}):
+            backend = RedisBackend()
+        mock_redis.from_url.assert_called_once_with("redis://localhost:6379/0")
+        self.assertEqual(backend._rd, mock_redis.from_url.return_value)
+
+    def test_sync_redis_with_dict_connection(self):
+        settings.REDIS_CONNECTION_CLASS = None
+        settings.REDIS_ASYNC_CONNECTION_CLASS = "tests.redis_mockup.AsyncConnection"
+        settings.REDIS_CONNECTION = {"host": "localhost", "port": 6379}
+        mock_redis = mock.MagicMock()
+        with mock.patch.dict("sys.modules", {"redis": mock_redis, "redis.asyncio": mock_redis.asyncio}):
+            backend = RedisBackend()
+        mock_redis.Redis.assert_called_once_with(host="localhost", port=6379)
+        self.assertEqual(backend._rd, mock_redis.Redis.return_value)
+
+    def test_async_redis_not_available_sets_ard_none(self):
+        settings.REDIS_CONNECTION_CLASS = "tests.redis_mockup.Connection"
+        settings.REDIS_ASYNC_CONNECTION_CLASS = None
+        mock_redis = mock.MagicMock()
+        # Simulate redis.asyncio not being available
+        with mock.patch.dict("sys.modules", {"redis": mock_redis, "redis.asyncio": None}):
+            backend = RedisBackend()
+        self.assertIsNone(backend._ard)
+
+    def test_async_redis_from_url_with_string_connection(self):
+        settings.REDIS_CONNECTION_CLASS = "tests.redis_mockup.Connection"
+        settings.REDIS_ASYNC_CONNECTION_CLASS = None
+        settings.REDIS_CONNECTION = "redis://localhost:6379/0"
+        mock_aredis = mock.MagicMock()
+        mock_redis = mock.MagicMock()
+        mock_redis.asyncio = mock_aredis
+        with mock.patch.dict("sys.modules", {"redis": mock_redis, "redis.asyncio": mock_aredis}):
+            backend = RedisBackend()
+        mock_aredis.from_url.assert_called_once_with("redis://localhost:6379/0")
+        self.assertEqual(backend._ard, mock_aredis.from_url.return_value)
+
+    def test_async_redis_with_dict_connection(self):
+        settings.REDIS_CONNECTION_CLASS = "tests.redis_mockup.Connection"
+        settings.REDIS_ASYNC_CONNECTION_CLASS = None
+        settings.REDIS_CONNECTION = {"host": "localhost", "port": 6379}
+        mock_aredis = mock.MagicMock()
+        mock_redis = mock.MagicMock()
+        mock_redis.asyncio = mock_aredis
+        with mock.patch.dict("sys.modules", {"redis": mock_redis, "redis.asyncio": mock_aredis}):
+            backend = RedisBackend()
+        mock_aredis.Redis.assert_called_once_with(host="localhost", port=6379)
+        self.assertEqual(backend._ard, mock_aredis.Redis.return_value)
+
+    def test_check_async_support_raises_when_ard_is_none(self):
+        backend = RedisBackend()
+        backend._ard = None
+        with self.assertRaises(ImproperlyConfigured):
+            backend._check_async_support()

tests/cache_mockup.py

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+from django.core.cache.backends.base import BaseCache
+from django.core.cache.backends.locmem import LocMemCache
+
+
+class Cache(BaseCache):
+    def __init__(self, name, params):
+        self._cache = LocMemCache(name, params)
+        self.add = self._cache.add
+        self.delete = self._cache.delete
+        self.set = self._cache.set
+        self.get = self._cache.get
+        self.clear = self._cache.clear
+        self.set_many = self._cache.set_many
+        self.get_many = self._cache.get_many
+        self.delete_many = self._cache.delete_many
+
+    # Async methods for DatabaseBackend.aget() support
+    async def aget(self, key, default=None, version=None):
+        return self.get(key, default, version)
+
+    async def aget_many(self, keys, version=None):
+        return self.get_many(keys, version)
+
+    async def aadd(self, key, value, timeout=None, version=None):
+        return self.add(key, value, timeout, version)

tests/redis_mockup.py

@@ -1,11 +1,28 @@
-class Connection(dict):
+# Shared storage so sync (Connection) and async (AsyncConnection) instances
+# operate on the same underlying data, just like a real Redis server would.
+_shared_store = {}
+
+
+class Connection:
     def set(self, key, value):
-        self[key] = value
+        _shared_store[key] = value
+
+    def get(self, key, default=None):
+        return _shared_store.get(key, default)
 
     def mget(self, keys):
-        values = []
-        for key in keys:
-            value = self.get(key, None)
-            if value is not None:
-                values.append(value)
-        return values
+        return [_shared_store.get(key) for key in keys]
+
+    def clear(self):
+        _shared_store.clear()
+
+
+class AsyncConnection:
+    async def set(self, key, value):
+        _shared_store[key] = value
+
+    async def get(self, key):
+        return _shared_store.get(key)
+
+    async def mget(self, keys):
+        return [_shared_store.get(key) for key in keys]

tests/settings.py

@@ -1,106 +1,118 @@
-# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
-from django.utils import six
-
-from datetime import datetime, date, time, timedelta
+from datetime import date
+from datetime import datetime
+from datetime import time
+from datetime import timedelta
 from decimal import Decimal
 
+SECRET_KEY = "cheese"
 
-SECRET_KEY = 'cheese'
-
-MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = (
-    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
-    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
-    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
-    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
-    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.SessionAuthenticationMiddleware',
-    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
-    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
+MIDDLEWARE = (
+    "django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware",
+    "django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware",
+    "django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware",
+    "django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware",
+    "django.contrib.auth.middleware.SessionAuthenticationMiddleware",
+    "django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware",
+    "django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware",
 )
 
-DATABASE_ENGINE = 'sqlite3'
+DATABASE_ENGINE = "sqlite3"
 
 DATABASES = {
-    'default': {
-        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
-        'NAME': ':memory:',
+    "default": {
+        "ENGINE": "django.db.backends.sqlite3",
+        "NAME": ":memory:",
     },
-    'secondary': {
-        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
-        'NAME': ':memory:',
+    "secondary": {
+        "ENGINE": "django.db.backends.sqlite3",
+        "NAME": ":memory:",
+    },
+}
+
+CACHES = {
+    "default": {
+        "BACKEND": "tests.cache_mockup.Cache",
+        "LOCATION": "locmem",
     }
 }
 
 INSTALLED_APPS = (
-    'django.contrib.admin',
-    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
-    'django.contrib.auth',
-    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
-    'django.contrib.sessions',
-    'django.contrib.messages',
-
-    'constance',
-    'constance.backends.database',
+    "django.contrib.admin",
+    "django.contrib.staticfiles",
+    "django.contrib.auth",
+    "django.contrib.contenttypes",
+    "django.contrib.sessions",
+    "django.contrib.messages",
+    "constance",
+    "constance.backends.database",
 )
 
-ROOT_URLCONF = 'tests.urls'
+ROOT_URLCONF = "tests.urls"
 
-CONSTANCE_REDIS_CONNECTION_CLASS = 'tests.redis_mockup.Connection'
-
-long_value = 123456
-
-if not six.PY3:
-    long_value = long(long_value)
+CONSTANCE_REDIS_CONNECTION_CLASS = "tests.redis_mockup.Connection"
+CONSTANCE_REDIS_ASYNC_CONNECTION_CLASS = "tests.redis_mockup.AsyncConnection"
 
 CONSTANCE_ADDITIONAL_FIELDS = {
-    'yes_no_null_select': [
-        'django.forms.fields.ChoiceField',
-        {
-            'widget': 'django.forms.Select',
-            'choices': ((None, "-----"), ("yes", "Yes"), ("no", "No"))
-        }
+    "yes_no_null_select": [
+        "django.forms.fields.ChoiceField",
+        {"widget": "django.forms.Select", "choices": ((None, "-----"), ("yes", "Yes"), ("no", "No"))},
     ],
     # note this intentionally uses a tuple so that we can test immutable
-    'email': ('django.forms.fields.EmailField',),
+    "email": ("django.forms.fields.EmailField",),
+    "array": ["django.forms.fields.CharField", {"widget": "django.forms.Textarea"}],
+    "json": ["django.forms.fields.CharField", {"widget": "django.forms.Textarea"}],
 }
 
+USE_TZ = True
+
 CONSTANCE_CONFIG = {
-    'INT_VALUE': (1, 'some int'),
-    'LONG_VALUE': (long_value, 'some looong int'),
-    'BOOL_VALUE': (True, 'true or false'),
-    'STRING_VALUE': ('Hello world', 'greetings'),
-    'UNICODE_VALUE': (u'Rivière-Bonjour რუსთაველი', 'greetings'),
-    'DECIMAL_VALUE': (Decimal('0.1'), 'the first release version'),
-    'DATETIME_VALUE': (datetime(2010, 8, 23, 11, 29, 24),
-                       'time of the first commit'),
-    'FLOAT_VALUE': (3.1415926536, 'PI'),
-    'DATE_VALUE': (date(2010, 12, 24), 'Merry Chrismas'),
-    'TIME_VALUE': (time(23, 59, 59), 'And happy New Year'),
-    'TIMEDELTA_VALUE': (timedelta(days=1, hours=2, minutes=3), 'Interval'),
-    'CHOICE_VALUE': ('yes', 'select yes or no', 'yes_no_null_select'),
-    'LINEBREAK_VALUE': ('Spam spam', 'eggs\neggs'),
-    'EMAIL_VALUE': ('test@example.com', 'An email', 'email'),
+    "INT_VALUE": (1, "some int"),
+    "BOOL_VALUE": (True, "true or false"),
+    "STRING_VALUE": ("Hello world", "greetings"),
+    "DECIMAL_VALUE": (Decimal("0.1"), "the first release version"),
+    "DATETIME_VALUE": (datetime(2010, 8, 23, 11, 29, 24), "time of the first commit"),
+    "FLOAT_VALUE": (3.1415926536, "PI"),
+    "DATE_VALUE": (date(2010, 12, 24), "Merry Chrismas"),
+    "TIME_VALUE": (time(23, 59, 59), "And happy New Year"),
+    "TIMEDELTA_VALUE": (timedelta(days=1, hours=2, minutes=3), "Interval"),
+    "CHOICE_VALUE": ("yes", "select yes or no", "yes_no_null_select"),
+    "LINEBREAK_VALUE": ("Spam spam", "eggs\neggs"),
+    "EMAIL_VALUE": ("test@example.com", "An email", "email"),
+    "LIST_VALUE": ([1, "1", date(2019, 1, 1)], "A list", "array"),
+    "JSON_VALUE": (
+        {
+            "key": "value",
+            "key2": 2,
+            "key3": [1, 2, 3],
+            "key4": {"key": "value"},
+            "key5": date(2019, 1, 1),
+            "key6": None,
+        },
+        "A JSON object",
+        "json",
+    ),
 }
 
 DEBUG = True
 
-STATIC_ROOT = './static/'
+STATIC_ROOT = "./static/"
 
-STATIC_URL = '/static/'
+STATIC_URL = "/static/"
 
 TEMPLATES = [
     {
-        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
-        'DIRS': [],
-        'APP_DIRS': True,
-        'OPTIONS': {
-            'context_processors': [
-                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
-                'django.template.context_processors.i18n',
-                'django.template.context_processors.request',
-                'django.template.context_processors.static',
-                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
-                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
-                'constance.context_processors.config',
+        "BACKEND": "django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates",
+        "DIRS": [],
+        "APP_DIRS": True,
+        "OPTIONS": {
+            "context_processors": [
+                "django.template.context_processors.debug",
+                "django.template.context_processors.i18n",
+                "django.template.context_processors.request",
+                "django.template.context_processors.static",
+                "django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth",
+                "django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages",
+                "constance.context_processors.config",
             ],
         },
     },

tests/storage.py

@@ -1,96 +1,108 @@
-# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
-from datetime import datetime, date, time, timedelta
+from datetime import date
+from datetime import datetime
+from datetime import time
+from datetime import timedelta
 from decimal import Decimal
 
-from django.utils import six
-
+from constance import settings
 from constance.base import Config
 
-if six.PY3:
-    def long(value):
-        return value
-
-
-class StorageTestsMixin(object):
 
+class StorageTestsMixin:
     def setUp(self):
         self.config = Config()
-        super(StorageTestsMixin, self).setUp()
+        super().setUp()
 
     def test_store(self):
         self.assertEqual(self.config.INT_VALUE, 1)
-        self.assertEqual(self.config.LONG_VALUE, long(123456))
         self.assertEqual(self.config.BOOL_VALUE, True)
-        self.assertEqual(self.config.STRING_VALUE, 'Hello world')
-        self.assertEqual(self.config.UNICODE_VALUE, u'Rivière-Bonjour რუსთაველი')
-        self.assertEqual(self.config.DECIMAL_VALUE, Decimal('0.1'))
+        self.assertEqual(self.config.STRING_VALUE, "Hello world")
+        self.assertEqual(self.config.DECIMAL_VALUE, Decimal("0.1"))
         self.assertEqual(self.config.DATETIME_VALUE, datetime(2010, 8, 23, 11, 29, 24))
         self.assertEqual(self.config.FLOAT_VALUE, 3.1415926536)
         self.assertEqual(self.config.DATE_VALUE, date(2010, 12, 24))
         self.assertEqual(self.config.TIME_VALUE, time(23, 59, 59))
         self.assertEqual(self.config.TIMEDELTA_VALUE, timedelta(days=1, hours=2, minutes=3))
-        self.assertEqual(self.config.CHOICE_VALUE, 'yes')
-        self.assertEqual(self.config.EMAIL_VALUE, 'test@example.com')
+        self.assertEqual(self.config.CHOICE_VALUE, "yes")
+        self.assertEqual(self.config.EMAIL_VALUE, "test@example.com")
+        self.assertEqual(self.config.LIST_VALUE, [1, "1", date(2019, 1, 1)])
+        self.assertEqual(
+            self.config.JSON_VALUE,
+            {
+                "key": "value",
+                "key2": 2,
+                "key3": [1, 2, 3],
+                "key4": {"key": "value"},
+                "key5": date(2019, 1, 1),
+                "key6": None,
+            },
+        )
 
         # set values
         self.config.INT_VALUE = 100
-        self.config.LONG_VALUE = long(654321)
         self.config.BOOL_VALUE = False
-        self.config.STRING_VALUE = 'Beware the weeping angel'
-        self.config.UNICODE_VALUE = u'Québec'
-        self.config.DECIMAL_VALUE = Decimal('1.2')
+        self.config.STRING_VALUE = "Beware the weeping angel"
+        self.config.DECIMAL_VALUE = Decimal("1.2")
         self.config.DATETIME_VALUE = datetime(1977, 10, 2)
         self.config.FLOAT_VALUE = 2.718281845905
         self.config.DATE_VALUE = date(2001, 12, 20)
         self.config.TIME_VALUE = time(1, 59, 0)
         self.config.TIMEDELTA_VALUE = timedelta(days=2, hours=3, minutes=4)
-        self.config.CHOICE_VALUE = 'no'
-        self.config.EMAIL_VALUE = 'foo@bar.com'
+        self.config.CHOICE_VALUE = "no"
+        self.config.EMAIL_VALUE = "foo@bar.com"
+        self.config.LIST_VALUE = [1, date(2020, 2, 2)]
+        self.config.JSON_VALUE = {"key": "OK"}
 
         # read again
         self.assertEqual(self.config.INT_VALUE, 100)
-        self.assertEqual(self.config.LONG_VALUE, long(654321))
         self.assertEqual(self.config.BOOL_VALUE, False)
-        self.assertEqual(self.config.STRING_VALUE, 'Beware the weeping angel')
-        self.assertEqual(self.config.UNICODE_VALUE, u'Québec')
-        self.assertEqual(self.config.DECIMAL_VALUE, Decimal('1.2'))
+        self.assertEqual(self.config.STRING_VALUE, "Beware the weeping angel")
+        self.assertEqual(self.config.DECIMAL_VALUE, Decimal("1.2"))
         self.assertEqual(self.config.DATETIME_VALUE, datetime(1977, 10, 2))
         self.assertEqual(self.config.FLOAT_VALUE, 2.718281845905)
         self.assertEqual(self.config.DATE_VALUE, date(2001, 12, 20))
         self.assertEqual(self.config.TIME_VALUE, time(1, 59, 0))
         self.assertEqual(self.config.TIMEDELTA_VALUE, timedelta(days=2, hours=3, minutes=4))
-        self.assertEqual(self.config.CHOICE_VALUE, 'no')
-        self.assertEqual(self.config.EMAIL_VALUE, 'foo@bar.com')
+        self.assertEqual(self.config.CHOICE_VALUE, "no")
+        self.assertEqual(self.config.EMAIL_VALUE, "foo@bar.com")
+        self.assertEqual(self.config.LIST_VALUE, [1, date(2020, 2, 2)])
+        self.assertEqual(self.config.JSON_VALUE, {"key": "OK"})
 
     def test_nonexistent(self):
-        try:
-            self.config.NON_EXISTENT
-        except Exception as e:
-            self.assertEqual(type(e), AttributeError)
+        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, getattr, self.config, "NON_EXISTENT")
 
-        try:
+        with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
             self.config.NON_EXISTENT = 1
-        except Exception as e:
-            self.assertEqual(type(e), AttributeError)
 
     def test_missing_values(self):
         # set some values and leave out others
-        self.config.LONG_VALUE = long(654321)
         self.config.BOOL_VALUE = False
-        self.config.UNICODE_VALUE = u'Québec'
-        self.config.DECIMAL_VALUE = Decimal('1.2')
+        self.config.DECIMAL_VALUE = Decimal("1.2")
         self.config.DATETIME_VALUE = datetime(1977, 10, 2)
         self.config.DATE_VALUE = date(2001, 12, 20)
         self.config.TIME_VALUE = time(1, 59, 0)
 
         self.assertEqual(self.config.INT_VALUE, 1)  # this should be the default value
-        self.assertEqual(self.config.LONG_VALUE, long(654321))
         self.assertEqual(self.config.BOOL_VALUE, False)
-        self.assertEqual(self.config.STRING_VALUE, 'Hello world')  # this should be the default value
-        self.assertEqual(self.config.UNICODE_VALUE, u'Québec')
-        self.assertEqual(self.config.DECIMAL_VALUE, Decimal('1.2'))
+        self.assertEqual(self.config.STRING_VALUE, "Hello world")  # this should be the default value
+        self.assertEqual(self.config.DECIMAL_VALUE, Decimal("1.2"))
         self.assertEqual(self.config.DATETIME_VALUE, datetime(1977, 10, 2))
         self.assertEqual(self.config.FLOAT_VALUE, 3.1415926536)  # this should be the default value
         self.assertEqual(self.config.DATE_VALUE, date(2001, 12, 20))
         self.assertEqual(self.config.TIME_VALUE, time(1, 59, 0))
         self.assertEqual(self.config.TIMEDELTA_VALUE, timedelta(days=1, hours=2, minutes=3))
+
+    def test_backend_retrieves_multiple_values(self):
+        # Check corner cases such as falsy values
+        self.config.INT_VALUE = 0
+        self.config.BOOL_VALUE = False
+        self.config.STRING_VALUE = ""
+
+        values = self.config._backend.mget(settings.CONFIG)
+        self.assertEqual(values["INT_VALUE"], 0)
+        self.assertEqual(values["BOOL_VALUE"], False)
+        self.assertEqual(values["STRING_VALUE"], "")
+
+    def test_backend_does_not_return_none_values(self):
+        result = self.config._backend.mget(settings.CONFIG)
+        self.assertEqual(result, {})

tests/test_admin.py

@@ -1,110 +1,326 @@
-import mock
+from datetime import datetime
+from unittest import mock
+
 from django.contrib import admin
-from django.contrib.auth.models import User, Permission
-from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType
+from django.contrib.auth.models import Permission
+from django.contrib.auth.models import User
 from django.core.exceptions import PermissionDenied
+from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect
 from django.template.defaultfilters import linebreaksbr
-from django.test import TestCase, RequestFactory
-from django.utils import six
+from django.test import RequestFactory
+from django.test import TestCase
+from django.utils.translation import gettext_lazy as _
 
 from constance import settings
 from constance.admin import Config
+from constance.forms import ConstanceForm
+from constance.utils import get_values
 
 
 class TestAdmin(TestCase):
     model = Config
 
     def setUp(self):
-        super(TestAdmin, self).setUp()
+        super().setUp()
         self.rf = RequestFactory()
-        self.superuser = User.objects.create_superuser('admin', 'nimda', 'a@a.cz')
-        self.normaluser = User.objects.create_user('normal', 'nimda', 'b@b.cz')
+        self.superuser = User.objects.create_superuser("admin", "nimda", "a@a.cz")
+        self.normaluser = User.objects.create_user("normal", "nimda", "b@b.cz")
         self.normaluser.is_staff = True
         self.normaluser.save()
         self.options = admin.site._registry[self.model]
 
     def test_changelist(self):
-        self.client.login(username='admin', password='nimda')
-        request = self.rf.get('/admin/constance/config/')
+        self.client.login(username="admin", password="nimda")
+        request = self.rf.get("/admin/constance/config/")
         request.user = self.superuser
         response = self.options.changelist_view(request, {})
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
 
     def test_custom_auth(self):
         settings.SUPERUSER_ONLY = False
-        self.client.login(username='normal', password='nimda')
-        request = self.rf.get('/admin/constance/config/')
+        self.client.login(username="normal", password="nimda")
+        request = self.rf.get("/admin/constance/config/")
         request.user = self.normaluser
-        self.assertRaises(PermissionDenied,
-                          self.options.changelist_view,
-                          request, {})
-        self.assertFalse(request.user.has_perm('constance.change_config'))
+        self.assertRaises(PermissionDenied, self.options.changelist_view, request, {})
+        self.assertFalse(request.user.has_perm("constance.change_config"))
 
         # reload user to reset permission cache
-        request = self.rf.get('/admin/constance/config/')
+        request = self.rf.get("/admin/constance/config/")
         request.user = User.objects.get(pk=self.normaluser.pk)
 
-        request.user.user_permissions.add(Permission.objects.get(codename='change_config'))
-        self.assertTrue(request.user.has_perm('constance.change_config'))
+        request.user.user_permissions.add(Permission.objects.get(codename="change_config"))
+        self.assertTrue(request.user.has_perm("constance.change_config"))
 
         response = self.options.changelist_view(request, {})
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
 
-    def test_str(self):
-        ct = ContentType.objects.get(app_label='constance', model='config')
-        self.assertEqual(six.text_type(ct), 'config')
-
     def test_linebreaks(self):
-        self.client.login(username='admin', password='nimda')
-        request = self.rf.get('/admin/constance/config/')
+        self.client.login(username="admin", password="nimda")
+        request = self.rf.get("/admin/constance/config/")
         request.user = self.superuser
         response = self.options.changelist_view(request, {})
-        self.assertContains(response, 'LINEBREAK_VALUE')
-        self.assertContains(response, linebreaksbr('eggs\neggs'))
+        self.assertContains(response, "LINEBREAK_VALUE")
+        self.assertContains(response, linebreaksbr("eggs\neggs"))
 
-    @mock.patch('constance.settings.CONFIG_FIELDSETS', {
-        'Numbers': ('LONG_VALUE', 'INT_VALUE',),
-        'Text': ('STRING_VALUE', 'UNICODE_VALUE'),
-    })
+    @mock.patch(
+        "constance.settings.CONFIG_FIELDSETS",
+        {
+            "Numbers": ("INT_VALUE",),
+            "Text": ("STRING_VALUE",),
+        },
+    )
     def test_fieldset_headers(self):
-        self.client.login(username='admin', password='nimda')
-        request = self.rf.get('/admin/constance/config/')
+        self.client.login(username="admin", password="nimda")
+        request = self.rf.get("/admin/constance/config/")
         request.user = self.superuser
         response = self.options.changelist_view(request, {})
-        self.assertContains(response, '<h2>Numbers</h2>')
-        self.assertContains(response, '<h2>Text</h2>')
+        self.assertContains(response, "Numbers</h2>")
+        self.assertContains(response, "Text</h2>")
 
-    @mock.patch('constance.settings.CONFIG_FIELDSETS', {
-        'Numbers': ('LONG_VALUE', 'INT_VALUE',),
-    })
+    @mock.patch(
+        "constance.settings.CONFIG_FIELDSETS",
+        (
+            ("Numbers", ("INT_VALUE",)),
+            ("Text", ("STRING_VALUE",)),
+        ),
+    )
+    def test_fieldset_tuple(self):
+        self.client.login(username="admin", password="nimda")
+        request = self.rf.get("/admin/constance/config/")
+        request.user = self.superuser
+        response = self.options.changelist_view(request, {})
+        self.assertContains(response, "Numbers</h2>")
+        self.assertContains(response, "Text</h2>")
+
+    @mock.patch(
+        "constance.settings.CONFIG_FIELDSETS",
+        {
+            "Numbers": {
+                "fields": (
+                    "INT_VALUE",
+                    "DECIMAL_VALUE",
+                ),
+                "collapse": True,
+            },
+            "Text": {
+                "fields": (
+                    "STRING_VALUE",
+                    "LINEBREAK_VALUE",
+                ),
+                "collapse": True,
+            },
+        },
+    )
+    def test_collapsed_fieldsets(self):
+        self.client.login(username="admin", password="nimda")
+        request = self.rf.get("/admin/constance/config/")
+        request.user = self.superuser
+        response = self.options.changelist_view(request, {})
+        self.assertContains(response, "module collapse")
+
+    @mock.patch("constance.settings.CONFIG_FIELDSETS", {"FieldSetOne": ("INT_VALUE",)})
+    @mock.patch(
+        "constance.settings.CONFIG",
+        {
+            "INT_VALUE": (1, "some int"),
+        },
+    )
+    @mock.patch("constance.settings.IGNORE_ADMIN_VERSION_CHECK", True)
+    @mock.patch("constance.forms.ConstanceForm.save", lambda _: None)
+    @mock.patch("constance.forms.ConstanceForm.is_valid", lambda _: True)
+    def test_submit(self):
+        """
+        Test that submitting the admin page results in an http redirect when
+        everything is in order.
+        """
+        initial_value = {"INT_VALUE": settings.CONFIG["INT_VALUE"][0]}
+
+        self.client.login(username="admin", password="nimda")
+
+        request = self.rf.post(
+            "/admin/constance/config/",
+            data={
+                **initial_value,
+                "version": "123",
+            },
+        )
+
+        request.user = self.superuser
+        request._dont_enforce_csrf_checks = True
+
+        with mock.patch("django.contrib.messages.add_message") as mock_message, mock.patch.object(
+            ConstanceForm, "__init__", **initial_value, return_value=None
+        ) as mock_form:
+            response = self.options.changelist_view(request, {})
+            mock_form.assert_called_with(data=request.POST, files=request.FILES, initial=initial_value, request=request)
+            mock_message.assert_called_with(request, 25, _("Live settings updated successfully."))
+
+        self.assertIsInstance(response, HttpResponseRedirect)
+
+    @mock.patch("constance.settings.CONFIG_FIELDSETS", {"FieldSetOne": ("MULTILINE",)})
+    @mock.patch(
+        "constance.settings.CONFIG",
+        {
+            "MULTILINE": ("Hello\nWorld", "multiline value"),
+        },
+    )
+    @mock.patch("constance.settings.IGNORE_ADMIN_VERSION_CHECK", True)
+    def test_newlines_normalization(self):
+        self.client.login(username="admin", password="nimda")
+        request = self.rf.post(
+            "/admin/constance/config/",
+            data={
+                "MULTILINE": "Hello\r\nWorld",
+                "version": "123",
+            },
+        )
+        request.user = self.superuser
+        request._dont_enforce_csrf_checks = True
+        with mock.patch("django.contrib.messages.add_message"):
+            response = self.options.changelist_view(request, {})
+        self.assertIsInstance(response, HttpResponseRedirect)
+        self.assertEqual(get_values()["MULTILINE"], "Hello\nWorld")
+
+    @mock.patch(
+        "constance.settings.CONFIG",
+        {
+            "DATETIME_VALUE": (datetime(2019, 8, 7, 18, 40, 0), "some naive datetime"),
+        },
+    )
+    @mock.patch("constance.settings.IGNORE_ADMIN_VERSION_CHECK", True)
+    @mock.patch("tests.redis_mockup.Connection.set", mock.MagicMock())
+    def test_submit_aware_datetime(self):
+        """
+        Test that submitting the admin page results in an http redirect when
+        everything is in order.
+        """
+        request = self.rf.post(
+            "/admin/constance/config/",
+            data={
+                "DATETIME_VALUE_0": "2019-08-07",
+                "DATETIME_VALUE_1": "19:17:01",
+                "version": "123",
+            },
+        )
+        request.user = self.superuser
+        request._dont_enforce_csrf_checks = True
+        with mock.patch("django.contrib.messages.add_message"):
+            response = self.options.changelist_view(request, {})
+        self.assertIsInstance(response, HttpResponseRedirect)
+
+    @mock.patch(
+        "constance.settings.CONFIG_FIELDSETS",
+        {
+            "Numbers": ("INT_VALUE",),
+            "Text": ("STRING_VALUE",),
+        },
+    )
+    def test_inconsistent_fieldset_submit(self):
+        """
+        Test that the admin page warns users if the CONFIG_FIELDSETS setting
+        doesn't account for every field in CONFIG.
+        """
+        self.client.login(username="admin", password="nimda")
+        request = self.rf.post("/admin/constance/config/", data=None)
+        request.user = self.superuser
+        request._dont_enforce_csrf_checks = True
+        with mock.patch("django.contrib.messages.add_message"):
+            response = self.options.changelist_view(request, {})
+        self.assertContains(response, "is missing field(s)")
+
+    @mock.patch(
+        "constance.settings.CONFIG_FIELDSETS",
+        {
+            "Fieldsets": (
+                "STRING_VALUE",
+                "INT_VALUE",
+            ),
+        },
+    )
     def test_fieldset_ordering_1(self):
-        """Ordering of inner list should be preserved"""
-        self.client.login(username='admin', password='nimda')
-        request = self.rf.get('/admin/constance/config/')
+        """Ordering of inner list should be preserved."""
+        self.client.login(username="admin", password="nimda")
+        request = self.rf.get("/admin/constance/config/")
         request.user = self.superuser
         response = self.options.changelist_view(request, {})
         response.render()
-        content_str = response.content.decode('utf-8')
-        self.assertGreater(
-            content_str.find('INT_VALUE'),
-            content_str.find('LONG_VALUE')
-        )
+        content_str = response.content.decode()
+        self.assertGreater(content_str.find("INT_VALUE"), content_str.find("STRING_VALUE"))
 
-    @mock.patch('constance.settings.CONFIG_FIELDSETS', {
-        'Numbers': ('INT_VALUE', 'LONG_VALUE', ),
-    })
+    @mock.patch(
+        "constance.settings.CONFIG_FIELDSETS",
+        {
+            "Fieldsets": (
+                "INT_VALUE",
+                "STRING_VALUE",
+            ),
+        },
+    )
     def test_fieldset_ordering_2(self):
-        """Ordering of inner list should be preserved"""
-        self.client.login(username='admin', password='nimda')
-        request = self.rf.get('/admin/constance/config/')
+        """Ordering of inner list should be preserved."""
+        self.client.login(username="admin", password="nimda")
+        request = self.rf.get("/admin/constance/config/")
         request.user = self.superuser
         response = self.options.changelist_view(request, {})
         response.render()
-        content_str = response.content.decode('utf-8')
-        self.assertGreater(
-            content_str.find('LONG_VALUE'),
-            content_str.find('INT_VALUE')
+        content_str = response.content.decode()
+        self.assertGreater(content_str.find("STRING_VALUE"), content_str.find("INT_VALUE"))
+
+    @mock.patch(
+        "constance.settings.ADDITIONAL_FIELDS",
+        {
+            "language_select": [
+                "django.forms.fields.TypedMultipleChoiceField",
+                {
+                    "widget": "django.forms.CheckboxSelectMultiple",
+                    "choices": (("en", "English"), ("de", "German"), ("fr", "French")),
+                    "coerce": str,
+                },
+            ],
+        },
+    )
+    @mock.patch(
+        "constance.settings.CONFIG",
+        {
+            "LANGUAGES": (["en", "de"], "Supported languages", "language_select"),
+        },
+    )
+    def test_reset_to_default_multi_select(self):
+        """
+        Test that multi-select config values render with data-field-type='multi-select'
+        and a JSON-encoded data-default attribute.
+        """
+        # Re-parse additional fields so the mock is picked up by the form
+        from constance.forms import FIELDS
+        from constance.forms import parse_additional_fields
+
+        FIELDS.update(
+            parse_additional_fields(
+                {
+                    "language_select": [
+                        "django.forms.fields.TypedMultipleChoiceField",
+                        {
+                            "widget": "django.forms.CheckboxSelectMultiple",
+                            "choices": (("en", "English"), ("de", "German"), ("fr", "French")),
+                            "coerce": str,
+                        },
+                    ]
+                }
+            )
         )
+        try:
+            self.client.login(username="admin", password="nimda")
+            request = self.rf.get("/admin/constance/config/")
+            request.user = self.superuser
+            response = self.options.changelist_view(request, {})
+            response.render()
+            content = response.content.decode()
+
+            self.assertIn('data-field-type="multi-select"', content)
+            self.assertIn('data-default="[&quot;en&quot;, &quot;de&quot;]"', content)
+        finally:
+            # Clean up FIELDS to avoid leaking into other tests
+            FIELDS.pop("language_select", None)
 
     def test_labels(self):
         self.assertEqual(type(self.model._meta.label), str)

tests/test_app.py

@@ -1,54 +0,0 @@
-from django.apps import apps
-from django.contrib.auth.models import Permission
-from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType
-from django.db.models import signals
-from django.test import TestCase, override_settings
-
-
-class TestApp(TestCase):
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.app_config = apps.get_app_config('constance')
-
-    def test_post_migrate_signal_creates_content_type_and_permission_in_default_database(self):
-        self.assert_uses_correct_database('default')
-
-    def test_post_migrate_signal_creates_content_type_and_permission_in_secondary_database(self):
-        self.assert_uses_correct_database('secondary')
-
-    def test_uses_default_db_even_without_giving_using_keyword(self):
-        self.call_post_migrate(None)
-
-        self.assert_content_type_and_permission_created('default')
-
-    @override_settings(CONSTANCE_DBS=['default'])
-    def test_only_use_databases_in_constance_dbs(self):
-        Permission.objects.using('default').delete()
-        Permission.objects.using('secondary').delete()
-        self.assert_uses_correct_database('default')
-        with self.assertRaises(AssertionError):
-            self.assert_uses_correct_database('secondary')
-
-    def assert_uses_correct_database(self, database_name):
-        self.call_post_migrate(database_name)
-
-        self.assert_content_type_and_permission_created(database_name)
-
-    def assert_content_type_and_permission_created(self, database_name):
-        content_type_queryset = ContentType.objects.filter(app_label=self.app_config.name) \
-            .using(database_name)
-
-        self.assertTrue(content_type_queryset.exists())
-
-        permission_queryset = Permission.objects.filter(content_type=content_type_queryset.get()) \
-            .using(database_name).exists()
-
-        self.assertTrue(permission_queryset)
-
-    def call_post_migrate(self, database_name):
-        signals.post_migrate.send(
-            sender=self.app_config,
-            app_config=self.app_config,
-            verbosity=None,
-            interactive=None,
-            using=database_name
-        )

tests/test_async.py

@@ -0,0 +1,198 @@
+import warnings
+
+from django.test import TransactionTestCase
+
+from constance import config
+from constance import utils
+
+
+class AsyncTestCase(TransactionTestCase):
+    async def test_async_get(self):
+        # Accessing an attribute on config should be awaitable when in async context
+        val = await config.INT_VALUE
+        self.assertEqual(val, 1)
+
+    async def test_async_set(self):
+        await config.aset("INT_VALUE", 42)
+        val = await config.INT_VALUE
+        self.assertEqual(val, 42)
+
+        # Verify sync access also works (and emits warning)
+        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:
+            warnings.simplefilter("always")
+            sync_val = int(config.INT_VALUE)
+            self.assertEqual(sync_val, 42)
+            self.assertTrue(any("Synchronous access" in str(warn.message) for warn in w))
+
+    async def test_amget(self):
+        values = await config.amget(["INT_VALUE", "BOOL_VALUE"])
+        self.assertEqual(values["INT_VALUE"], 1)
+        self.assertEqual(values["BOOL_VALUE"], True)
+
+    async def test_sync_math_in_async_loop(self):
+        # Accessing math should work but emit warning
+        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:
+            warnings.simplefilter("always")
+            res = config.INT_VALUE + 10
+            # Note: res will be 42 + 10 if test_async_set ran before, or 1 + 10 if not.
+            # TransactionTestCase should reset state, but let's be careful.
+            # config.INT_VALUE defaults to 1.
+            self.assertEqual(res, 11 if res < 50 else 52)
+            self.assertTrue(any("Synchronous access" in str(warn.message) for warn in w))
+
+    async def test_utils_aget_values(self):
+        values = await utils.aget_values()
+        self.assertIn("INT_VALUE", values)
+        self.assertIn("BOOL_VALUE", values)
+        self.assertEqual(values["INT_VALUE"], 1)
+
+    async def test_utils_aget_values_for_keys(self):
+        values = await utils.aget_values_for_keys(["INT_VALUE"])
+        self.assertEqual(len(values), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(values["INT_VALUE"], 1)
+
+    async def test_bool_proxy(self):
+        # BOOL_VALUE is True by default
+        self.assertTrue(config.BOOL_VALUE)
+
+    async def test_int_proxy(self):
+        await config.aset("INT_VALUE", 1)
+        self.assertEqual(int(config.INT_VALUE), 1)
+
+    async def test_container_proxy(self):
+        # LIST_VALUE is [1, "1", date(2019, 1, 1)] by default
+        self.assertEqual(config.LIST_VALUE[0], 1)
+        self.assertEqual(len(config.LIST_VALUE), 3)
+        self.assertIn(1, config.LIST_VALUE)
+        self.assertEqual(next(iter(config.LIST_VALUE)), 1)
+
+
+class AsyncValueProxyTestCase(TransactionTestCase):
+    """Tests for AsyncValueProxy dunder methods in async context."""
+
+    async def test_str_proxy(self):
+        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:
+            warnings.simplefilter("always")
+            result = str(config.STRING_VALUE)
+            self.assertEqual(result, "Hello world")
+            self.assertTrue(any("Synchronous access" in str(warn.message) for warn in w))
+
+    async def test_repr_proxy(self):
+        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:
+            warnings.simplefilter("always")
+            result = repr(config.STRING_VALUE)
+            self.assertEqual(result, "'Hello world'")
+            self.assertTrue(any("Synchronous access" in str(warn.message) for warn in w))
+
+    async def test_float_proxy(self):
+        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:
+            warnings.simplefilter("always")
+            result = float(config.FLOAT_VALUE)
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(result, 3.1415926536)
+            self.assertTrue(any("Synchronous access" in str(warn.message) for warn in w))
+
+    async def test_eq_proxy(self):
+        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:
+            warnings.simplefilter("always")
+            result = config.INT_VALUE == 1
+            self.assertTrue(result)
+            self.assertTrue(any("Synchronous access" in str(warn.message) for warn in w))
+
+    async def test_ne_proxy(self):
+        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:
+            warnings.simplefilter("always")
+            result = config.INT_VALUE != 2
+            self.assertTrue(result)
+            self.assertTrue(any("Synchronous access" in str(warn.message) for warn in w))
+
+    async def test_lt_proxy(self):
+        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:
+            warnings.simplefilter("always")
+            result = config.INT_VALUE < 10
+            self.assertTrue(result)
+            self.assertTrue(any("Synchronous access" in str(warn.message) for warn in w))
+
+    async def test_le_proxy(self):
+        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:
+            warnings.simplefilter("always")
+            result = config.INT_VALUE <= 1
+            self.assertTrue(result)
+            self.assertTrue(any("Synchronous access" in str(warn.message) for warn in w))
+
+    async def test_gt_proxy(self):
+        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:
+            warnings.simplefilter("always")
+            result = config.INT_VALUE > 0
+            self.assertTrue(result)
+            self.assertTrue(any("Synchronous access" in str(warn.message) for warn in w))
+
+    async def test_ge_proxy(self):
+        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:
+            warnings.simplefilter("always")
+            result = config.INT_VALUE >= 1
+            self.assertTrue(result)
+            self.assertTrue(any("Synchronous access" in str(warn.message) for warn in w))
+
+    async def test_hash_proxy(self):
+        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:
+            warnings.simplefilter("always")
+            result = hash(config.INT_VALUE)
+            self.assertEqual(result, hash(1))
+            self.assertTrue(any("Synchronous access" in str(warn.message) for warn in w))
+
+    async def test_sub_proxy(self):
+        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:
+            warnings.simplefilter("always")
+            result = config.INT_VALUE - 1
+            self.assertEqual(result, 0)
+            self.assertTrue(any("Synchronous access" in str(warn.message) for warn in w))
+
+    async def test_mul_proxy(self):
+        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:
+            warnings.simplefilter("always")
+            result = config.INT_VALUE * 5
+            self.assertEqual(result, 5)
+            self.assertTrue(any("Synchronous access" in str(warn.message) for warn in w))
+
+    async def test_truediv_proxy(self):
+        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:
+            warnings.simplefilter("always")
+            result = config.INT_VALUE / 1
+            self.assertEqual(result, 1.0)
+            self.assertTrue(any("Synchronous access" in str(warn.message) for warn in w))
+
+    async def test_aset_invalid_key(self):
+        with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
+            await config.aset("INVALID_KEY", 42)
+
+
+class AsyncUtilsTestCase(TransactionTestCase):
+    """Tests for async utility functions."""
+
+    async def test_aget_values_for_keys_invalid_type(self):
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            await utils.aget_values_for_keys("key1")
+
+    async def test_aget_values_for_keys_missing_key(self):
+        with self.assertRaises(AttributeError) as ctx:
+            await utils.aget_values_for_keys(["INVALID_KEY"])
+        self.assertIn("INVALID_KEY", str(ctx.exception))
+
+    async def test_aget_values_for_keys_empty(self):
+        result = await utils.aget_values_for_keys([])
+        self.assertEqual(result, {})
+
+
+class ConfigBaseTestCase(TransactionTestCase):
+    """Tests for Config class edge cases."""
+
+    def test_config_dir(self):
+        # Test __dir__ method
+        keys = dir(config)
+        self.assertIn("INT_VALUE", keys)
+        self.assertIn("BOOL_VALUE", keys)
+
+    def test_access_backend_attribute(self):
+        # Test accessing _backend attribute in sync context
+        backend = config._backend
+        self.assertIsNotNone(backend)

tests/test_checks.py

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+from unittest import mock
+
+from django.test import TestCase
+
+from constance import settings
+from constance.checks import check_fieldsets
+from constance.checks import get_inconsistent_fieldnames
+
+
+class ChecksTestCase(TestCase):
+    @mock.patch("constance.settings.CONFIG_FIELDSETS", {"Set1": settings.CONFIG.keys()})
+    def test_get_inconsistent_fieldnames_none(self):
+        """
+        Test that get_inconsistent_fieldnames returns an empty data and no checks fail
+        if CONFIG_FIELDSETS accounts for every key in settings.CONFIG.
+        """
+        missing_keys, extra_keys = get_inconsistent_fieldnames()
+        self.assertFalse(missing_keys)
+        self.assertFalse(extra_keys)
+
+    @mock.patch(
+        "constance.settings.CONFIG_FIELDSETS",
+        {"Set1": list(settings.CONFIG.keys())[:-1]},
+    )
+    def test_get_inconsistent_fieldnames_for_missing_keys(self):
+        """
+        Test that get_inconsistent_fieldnames returns data and the check fails
+        if CONFIG_FIELDSETS does not account for every key in settings.CONFIG.
+        """
+        missing_keys, extra_keys = get_inconsistent_fieldnames()
+        self.assertTrue(missing_keys)
+        self.assertFalse(extra_keys)
+        self.assertEqual(1, len(check_fieldsets()))
+
+    @mock.patch(
+        "constance.settings.CONFIG_FIELDSETS",
+        {"Set1": [*settings.CONFIG.keys(), "FORGOTTEN_KEY"]},
+    )
+    def test_get_inconsistent_fieldnames_for_extra_keys(self):
+        """
+        Test that get_inconsistent_fieldnames returns data and the check fails
+        if CONFIG_FIELDSETS contains extra key that is absent in settings.CONFIG.
+        """
+        missing_keys, extra_keys = get_inconsistent_fieldnames()
+        self.assertFalse(missing_keys)
+        self.assertTrue(extra_keys)
+        self.assertEqual(1, len(check_fieldsets()))
+
+    @mock.patch("constance.settings.CONFIG_FIELDSETS", {})
+    def test_check_fieldsets(self):
+        """check_fieldsets should not output warning if CONFIG_FIELDSETS is not defined."""
+        del settings.CONFIG_FIELDSETS
+        self.assertEqual(0, len(check_fieldsets()))

tests/test_cli.py

@@ -1,14 +1,18 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-
+import contextlib
 from datetime import datetime
+from io import StringIO
 from textwrap import dedent
 
-from django.core.management import call_command, CommandError
+from django.conf import settings
+from django.core.management import CommandError
+from django.core.management import call_command
 from django.test import TransactionTestCase
+from django.test import override_settings
+from django.utils import timezone
 from django.utils.encoding import smart_str
-from django.utils.six import StringIO
 
 from constance import config
+from constance.models import Constance
 
 
 class CliTestCase(TransactionTestCase):
@@ -16,57 +20,121 @@ class CliTestCase(TransactionTestCase):
         self.out = StringIO()
 
     def test_help(self):
-        try:
-            call_command('constance', '--help')
-        except SystemExit:
-            pass
+        with contextlib.suppress(SystemExit):
+            call_command("constance", "--help")
 
     def test_list(self):
-        call_command('constance', 'list', stdout=self.out)
+        call_command("constance", "list", stdout=self.out)
 
-        self.assertEqual(set(self.out.getvalue().splitlines()), set(dedent(smart_str(
-u"""        BOOL_VALUE	True
-        EMAIL_VALUE	test@example.com
-        INT_VALUE	1
-        LINEBREAK_VALUE	Spam spam
-        DATE_VALUE	2010-12-24
-        TIME_VALUE	23:59:59
-        TIMEDELTA_VALUE	1 day, 2:03:00
-        LONG_VALUE	123456
-        STRING_VALUE	Hello world
-        UNICODE_VALUE	Rivière-Bonjour რუსთაველი
-        CHOICE_VALUE	yes
-        DECIMAL_VALUE	0.1
-        DATETIME_VALUE	2010-08-23 11:29:24
-        FLOAT_VALUE	3.1415926536
-""")).splitlines()))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            set(self.out.getvalue().splitlines()),
+            set(
+                dedent(
+                    smart_str(
+                        """        BOOL_VALUE\tTrue
+        EMAIL_VALUE\ttest@example.com
+        INT_VALUE\t1
+        LINEBREAK_VALUE\tSpam spam
+        DATE_VALUE\t2010-12-24
+        TIME_VALUE\t23:59:59
+        TIMEDELTA_VALUE\t1 day, 2:03:00
+        STRING_VALUE\tHello world
+        CHOICE_VALUE\tyes
+        DECIMAL_VALUE\t0.1
+        DATETIME_VALUE\t2010-08-23 11:29:24
+        FLOAT_VALUE\t3.1415926536
+        JSON_VALUE\t{'key': 'value', 'key2': 2, 'key3': [1, 2, 3], 'key4': {'key': 'value'}, 'key5': datetime.date(2019, 1, 1), 'key6': None}
+        LIST_VALUE\t[1, '1', datetime.date(2019, 1, 1)]
+"""  # noqa: E501
+                    )
+                ).splitlines()
+            ),
+        )
 
     def test_get(self):
-        call_command('constance', *('get EMAIL_VALUE'.split()), stdout=self.out)
+        call_command("constance", *(["get", "EMAIL_VALUE"]), stdout=self.out)
 
         self.assertEqual(self.out.getvalue().strip(), "test@example.com")
 
     def test_set(self):
-        call_command('constance', *('set EMAIL_VALUE blah@example.com'.split()), stdout=self.out)
+        call_command("constance", *(["set", "EMAIL_VALUE", "blah@example.com"]), stdout=self.out)
 
         self.assertEqual(config.EMAIL_VALUE, "blah@example.com")
 
-        call_command('constance', *('set', 'DATETIME_VALUE', '2011-09-24', '12:30:25'), stdout=self.out)
+        call_command("constance", *("set", "DATETIME_VALUE", "2011-09-24", "12:30:25"), stdout=self.out)
 
-        self.assertEqual(config.DATETIME_VALUE, datetime(2011, 9, 24, 12, 30, 25))
+        expected = datetime(2011, 9, 24, 12, 30, 25)
+        if settings.USE_TZ:
+            expected = timezone.make_aware(expected)
+        self.assertEqual(config.DATETIME_VALUE, expected)
 
     def test_get_invalid_name(self):
-        self.assertRaisesMessage(CommandError, "NOT_A_REAL_CONFIG is not defined in settings.CONSTANCE_CONFIG",
-                                 call_command, 'constance', 'get', 'NOT_A_REAL_CONFIG')
+        self.assertRaisesMessage(
+            CommandError,
+            "NOT_A_REAL_CONFIG is not defined in settings.CONSTANCE_CONFIG",
+            call_command,
+            "constance",
+            "get",
+            "NOT_A_REAL_CONFIG",
+        )
 
     def test_set_invalid_name(self):
-        self.assertRaisesMessage(CommandError, "NOT_A_REAL_CONFIG is not defined in settings.CONSTANCE_CONFIG",
-                                 call_command, 'constance', 'set', 'NOT_A_REAL_CONFIG', 'foo')
+        self.assertRaisesMessage(
+            CommandError,
+            "NOT_A_REAL_CONFIG is not defined in settings.CONSTANCE_CONFIG",
+            call_command,
+            "constance",
+            "set",
+            "NOT_A_REAL_CONFIG",
+            "foo",
+        )
 
     def test_set_invalid_value(self):
-        self.assertRaisesMessage(CommandError, "Enter a valid email address.",
-                                 call_command, 'constance', 'set', 'EMAIL_VALUE', 'not a valid email')
+        self.assertRaisesMessage(
+            CommandError,
+            "Enter a valid email address.",
+            call_command,
+            "constance",
+            "set",
+            "EMAIL_VALUE",
+            "not a valid email",
+        )
 
     def test_set_invalid_multi_value(self):
-        self.assertRaisesMessage(CommandError, "Enter a list of values.",
-                                 call_command, 'constance', 'set', 'DATETIME_VALUE', '2011-09-24 12:30:25')
+        self.assertRaisesMessage(
+            CommandError,
+            "Enter a list of values.",
+            call_command,
+            "constance",
+            "set",
+            "DATETIME_VALUE",
+            "2011-09-24 12:30:25",
+        )
+
+    def test_delete_stale_records(self):
+        self._populate_database_with_default_values()
+        initial_count = Constance.objects.count()
+
+        Constance.objects.create(key="STALE_KEY", value=None)
+        call_command("constance", "remove_stale_keys", stdout=self.out)
+
+        self.assertEqual(Constance.objects.count(), initial_count, msg=self.out)
+
+    @override_settings(
+        CONSTANCE_DATABASE_PREFIX="constance:",
+    )
+    def test_delete_stale_records_respects_prefix(self):
+        self._populate_database_with_default_values()
+        initial_count = Constance.objects.count()
+
+        call_command("constance", "remove_stale_keys", stdout=self.out)
+
+        self.assertEqual(Constance.objects.count(), initial_count, msg=self.out)
+
+    def _populate_database_with_default_values(self):
+        """
+        Helper function to populate the database with default values defined
+        in settings since that's not done automatically at startup
+        """
+        for key, (value, *_) in settings.CONSTANCE_CONFIG.items():
+            Constance.objects.create(key=f"{getattr(settings, 'CONSTANCE_DATABASE_PREFIX', '')}{key}", value=value)

tests/test_codecs.py

@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+import uuid
+from datetime import date
+from datetime import datetime
+from datetime import time
+from datetime import timedelta
+from decimal import Decimal
+from unittest import TestCase
+
+from constance.codecs import dumps
+from constance.codecs import loads
+from constance.codecs import register_type
+
+
+class TestJSONSerialization(TestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.datetime = datetime(2023, 10, 5, 15, 30, 0)
+        self.date = date(2023, 10, 5)
+        self.time = time(15, 30, 0)
+        self.decimal = Decimal("10.5")
+        self.uuid = uuid.UUID("12345678123456781234567812345678")
+        self.string = "test"
+        self.integer = 42
+        self.float = 3.14
+        self.boolean = True
+        self.none = None
+        self.timedelta = timedelta(days=1, hours=2, minutes=3)
+        self.list = [1, 2, self.date]
+        self.dict = {"key": self.date, "key2": 1}
+
+    def test_serializes_and_deserializes_default_types(self):
+        self.assertEqual(dumps(self.datetime), '{"__type__": "datetime", "__value__": "2023-10-05T15:30:00"}')
+        self.assertEqual(dumps(self.date), '{"__type__": "date", "__value__": "2023-10-05"}')
+        self.assertEqual(dumps(self.time), '{"__type__": "time", "__value__": "15:30:00"}')
+        self.assertEqual(dumps(self.decimal), '{"__type__": "decimal", "__value__": "10.5"}')
+        self.assertEqual(dumps(self.uuid), '{"__type__": "uuid", "__value__": "12345678123456781234567812345678"}')
+        self.assertEqual(dumps(self.string), '{"__type__": "default", "__value__": "test"}')
+        self.assertEqual(dumps(self.integer), '{"__type__": "default", "__value__": 42}')
+        self.assertEqual(dumps(self.float), '{"__type__": "default", "__value__": 3.14}')
+        self.assertEqual(dumps(self.boolean), '{"__type__": "default", "__value__": true}')
+        self.assertEqual(dumps(self.none), '{"__type__": "default", "__value__": null}')
+        self.assertEqual(dumps(self.timedelta), '{"__type__": "timedelta", "__value__": 93780.0}')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            dumps(self.list),
+            '{"__type__": "default", "__value__": [1, 2, {"__type__": "date", "__value__": "2023-10-05"}]}',
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            dumps(self.dict),
+            '{"__type__": "default", "__value__": {"key": {"__type__": "date", "__value__": "2023-10-05"}, "key2": 1}}',
+        )
+        for t in (
+            self.datetime,
+            self.date,
+            self.time,
+            self.decimal,
+            self.uuid,
+            self.string,
+            self.integer,
+            self.float,
+            self.boolean,
+            self.none,
+            self.timedelta,
+            self.dict,
+            self.list,
+        ):
+            self.assertEqual(t, loads(dumps(t)))
+
+    def test_invalid_deserialization(self):
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, "Expecting value"):
+            loads("THIS_IS_NOT_RIGHT")
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, "Invalid object"):
+            loads('{"__type__": "THIS_IS_NOT_RIGHT", "__value__": "test", "THIS_IS_NOT_RIGHT": "THIS_IS_NOT_RIGHT"}')
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, "Unsupported type"):
+            loads('{"__type__": "THIS_IS_NOT_RIGHT", "__value__": "test"}')
+
+    def test_handles_unknown_type(self):
+        class UnknownType:
+            pass
+
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "Object of type UnknownType is not JSON serializable"):
+            dumps(UnknownType())
+
+    def test_custom_type_serialization(self):
+        class CustomType:
+            def __init__(self, value):
+                self.value = value
+
+        register_type(CustomType, "custom", lambda o: o.value, lambda o: CustomType(o))
+        custom_data = CustomType("test")
+        json_data = dumps(custom_data)
+        self.assertEqual(json_data, '{"__type__": "custom", "__value__": "test"}')
+        deserialized_data = loads(json_data)
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(deserialized_data, CustomType))
+        self.assertEqual(deserialized_data.value, "test")
+
+    def test_register_known_type(self):
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, "Discriminator must be specified"):
+            register_type(int, "", lambda o: o.value, lambda o: int(o))
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, "Type with discriminator default is already registered"):
+            register_type(int, "default", lambda o: o.value, lambda o: int(o))
+        register_type(int, "new_custom_type", lambda o: o.value, lambda o: int(o))
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, "Type with discriminator new_custom_type is already registered"):
+            register_type(int, "new_custom_type", lambda o: o.value, lambda o: int(o))
+
+    def test_nested_collections(self):
+        data = {"key": [[[[{"key": self.date}]]]]}
+        self.assertEqual(
+            dumps(data),
+            (
+                '{"__type__": "default", '
+                '"__value__": {"key": [[[[{"key": {"__type__": "date", "__value__": "2023-10-05"}}]]]]}}'
+            ),
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(data, loads(dumps(data)))

tests/test_database.py

@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-from django.test import TestCase
-
-from constance import settings
-from tests.storage import StorageTestsMixin
-
-
-class TestDatabase(StorageTestsMixin, TestCase):
-
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.old_backend = settings.BACKEND
-        settings.BACKEND = 'constance.backends.database.DatabaseBackend'
-        super(TestDatabase, self).setUp()
-
-    def tearDown(self):
-        settings.BACKEND = self.old_backend

tests/test_form.py

@@ -1,26 +1,23 @@
-from constance.admin import ConstanceForm
 from django.forms import fields
 from django.test import TestCase
 
+from constance.forms import ConstanceForm
+
 
 class TestForm(TestCase):
-
     def test_form_field_types(self):
-
         f = ConstanceForm({})
 
-        self.assertIsInstance(f.fields['INT_VALUE'], fields.IntegerField)
-        self.assertIsInstance(f.fields['LONG_VALUE'], fields.IntegerField)
-        self.assertIsInstance(f.fields['BOOL_VALUE'], fields.BooleanField)
-        self.assertIsInstance(f.fields['STRING_VALUE'], fields.CharField)
-        self.assertIsInstance(f.fields['UNICODE_VALUE'], fields.CharField)
-        self.assertIsInstance(f.fields['DECIMAL_VALUE'], fields.DecimalField)
-        self.assertIsInstance(f.fields['DATETIME_VALUE'], fields.SplitDateTimeField)
-        self.assertIsInstance(f.fields['TIMEDELTA_VALUE'], fields.DurationField)
-        self.assertIsInstance(f.fields['FLOAT_VALUE'], fields.FloatField)
-        self.assertIsInstance(f.fields['DATE_VALUE'], fields.DateField)
-        self.assertIsInstance(f.fields['TIME_VALUE'], fields.TimeField)
+        self.assertIsInstance(f.fields["INT_VALUE"], fields.IntegerField)
+        self.assertIsInstance(f.fields["BOOL_VALUE"], fields.BooleanField)
+        self.assertIsInstance(f.fields["STRING_VALUE"], fields.CharField)
+        self.assertIsInstance(f.fields["DECIMAL_VALUE"], fields.DecimalField)
+        self.assertIsInstance(f.fields["DATETIME_VALUE"], fields.SplitDateTimeField)
+        self.assertIsInstance(f.fields["TIMEDELTA_VALUE"], fields.DurationField)
+        self.assertIsInstance(f.fields["FLOAT_VALUE"], fields.FloatField)
+        self.assertIsInstance(f.fields["DATE_VALUE"], fields.DateField)
+        self.assertIsInstance(f.fields["TIME_VALUE"], fields.TimeField)
 
         # from CONSTANCE_ADDITIONAL_FIELDS
-        self.assertIsInstance(f.fields['CHOICE_VALUE'], fields.ChoiceField)
-        self.assertIsInstance(f.fields['EMAIL_VALUE'], fields.EmailField)
+        self.assertIsInstance(f.fields["CHOICE_VALUE"], fields.ChoiceField)
+        self.assertIsInstance(f.fields["EMAIL_VALUE"], fields.EmailField)

tests/test_pytest_overrides.py

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+import unittest
+
+try:
+    import pytest
+
+    from constance import config
+    from constance.test.pytest import override_config
+
+    class TestPytestOverrideConfigFunctionDecorator:
+        """
+        Test that the override_config decorator works correctly for Pytest classes.
+
+        Test usage of override_config on test method and as context manager.
+        """
+
+        def test_default_value_is_true(self):
+            """Assert that the default value of config.BOOL_VALUE is True."""
+            assert config.BOOL_VALUE
+
+        @pytest.mark.override_config(BOOL_VALUE=False)
+        def test_override_config_on_method_changes_config_value(self):
+            """Assert that the pytest mark decorator changes config.BOOL_VALUE."""
+            assert not config.BOOL_VALUE
+
+        def test_override_config_as_context_manager_changes_config_value(self):
+            """Assert that the context manager changes config.BOOL_VALUE."""
+            with override_config(BOOL_VALUE=False):
+                assert not config.BOOL_VALUE
+
+            assert config.BOOL_VALUE
+
+        @override_config(BOOL_VALUE=False)
+        def test_method_decorator(self):
+            """Ensure `override_config` can be used as test method decorator."""
+            assert not config.BOOL_VALUE
+
+    @pytest.mark.override_config(BOOL_VALUE=False)
+    class TestPytestOverrideConfigDecorator:
+        """Test that the override_config decorator works on classes."""
+
+        def test_override_config_on_class_changes_config_value(self):
+            """Assert that the class decorator changes config.BOOL_VALUE."""
+            assert not config.BOOL_VALUE
+
+        @pytest.mark.override_config(BOOL_VALUE="True")
+        def test_override_config_on_overridden_value(self):
+            """Ensure that method mark decorator changes already overridden value for class."""
+            assert config.BOOL_VALUE == "True"
+
+    def test_fixture_override_config(override_config):
+        """
+        Ensure `override_config` fixture is available globally
+        and can be used in test functions.
+        """
+        with override_config(BOOL_VALUE=False):
+            assert not config.BOOL_VALUE
+
+    @override_config(BOOL_VALUE=False)
+    def test_func_decorator():
+        """Ensure `override_config` can be used as test function decorator."""
+        assert not config.BOOL_VALUE
+
+except ImportError:
+    pass
+
+
+class PytestTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.skipTest("Skip all pytest tests when using unittest")
+
+    def test_do_not_skip_silently(self):
+        """If no at least one test present, unittest silently skips module."""
+        pass